Spatial-Temporal Modelling of Road Traffic Data in Seoul City

이상열,안수한,박창이,전종우,Lee, Sang-Yeol,Ahn, Soo-Han,Park, Chang-Yi,Jeon, Jong-Woo The Korean Data and Information Science Society 2002 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Recently, the demand of the Intelligent Transportation System(ITS) has been increased to a large extent, and a real-time traffic information service based on the internet system became very important. When ITS companies carry out real-time traffic services, they find some traffic data missing, and use the conventional method of reconstructing missing values by calculating average time trend. However, the method is found unsatisfactory, so that we develop a new method based the spatial and spatial-temporal models. A cross-validation technique shows that the spatial-temporal model outperforms the others.

형태학적 영상 분할을 위한 재구성 필터의 VLSI 구조 설계

이상열,정의윤,이호영,김희수,하영호,Lee, Sang-Yeol,Chung, Eui-Yoon,Lee, Ho-Young,Kim, Hee-Soo,Ha, Yeong-Ho 대한전자공학회 1999 電子工學會論文誌, S Vol.s36 No.12

본 논문에서는 형태학적 영상 분할을 위한 재구성 필터의 새로운 VLSI 구조를 제안한다. $h_{max}$ 연산에 기반한 재구성 필터는 영역의 경계정보는 보존하면서 영역 내부만을 평탄화하는 단순화 필터이다. 제안한 구조에서는 분할 메모리 구조와 효과적 영상 스캔 방법을 도입하여 연산량과 시간을 줄였다. 분할 메모리 구조는 연산에 필요한 데이터의 동시 접근을 가능하게 하여 병렬 데이터 처리를 가능하게 하며, 확장된 화소 연결관계를 통해 스캔에 의한 단순화 정도를 높인다. 제안한 선택적 순방향 스캔은 간단한 연산부의 도입을 통해 hmax 연산이 영상의 밝기값에 의존적인 단점을 극복하여 잡음제거와 동시에 적은 연산량으로 단순화를 수행할 수 있게 한다. 제안한 구조는 VHDL을 이용하여 기술하였으며, CAD 툴인 Mentor를 이용한 실험 결과 기존의 방법에 비해 18%정도의 연산만으로도 효과적 영상 단순화를 수행함을 확인하였다. In this paper, the new VLSI architecture of a reconstruction filter for morphological image segmentation is proposed. The filter, based on the $h_{max}$ operation, simplifies the interior of each region while preserving the boundary information. The proposed architecture adopts a partitioned memory structure and an efficient image scanning strategy to reduce the operations. The proposed memory partitioning scheme makes it possible that every data required for processing can be read from each memory at a time, resulting in parallel data processing. By the extended connectivity consideration, the operation is much decreased because more simplification is achieved in scanning stage. The selective raster scan strategy endows the satisfactory noise removal capability with negligible hardware complexity increase. The proposed architecture is designed using VHDL, and functional evaluation is performed by the CAD tool, Mentor. The experiment results show that the proposed architecture can simplify image profile with less than 18% operations of the conventional method.

보험회사의 방재활동-국제화재해상 보험주식회사

이상열,Lee, Sang-Yeol 한국화재보험협회 1976 防災와 保險 Vol.5 No.-

보행 시 부하의 위치에 따른 발의 안정성 및 운동학적 분석에 관한 연구

이상열,배성수,Lee, Sang-Yeol,Bae, Sung-Soo 대한물리치료학회 2009 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.21 No.2

Purpose: This study examined how the direction of carrying a load affects the foot stability and kinesiology while walking. Methods: The heel rotation, Hallux stiffness, foot balance, metatarsal load, toe out angle, subtalar joint flexibility were measured in 40 adults (men and women) who carried a load back and forth, walking on a 2-meter-long board. The measurement was carried out three times and the mean of the measurements was used to compare the difference between the front, back and the condition without a load. Results: While walking, heel rotation and hallux stiffness occurred most when a front load was applied compared to a back load or no load condition (p<0.05). A metatarsal load also appeared to be the highest with the frond load, but there was no significant difference in the balance of the whole foot. Both the toe out angle and subtalar joint flexibility appeared to increase significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion: Applying the front load causes subtalar joint instability and increases the plantar foot pressure imbalance during walking.

기능성 상부 위장관 증상을 호소하는 환자의 스트레스, 불안 및 우울

이상열,신성훈,최석채,Lee, Sang-Yeol,Shean, Sung-Hun,Choi, Suk-Chei 한국정신신체의학회 1998 정신신체의학 Vol.6 No.1

Objective : The sensation of dysphagia, heartburn, globus hystericus, and functional dyspepsia are common symptoms of the functional upper gut disorders. This study was designed to investigate quantity of perceived stress, depression, and anxiety in the patients with functional upper gut symptoms whose esopahgeal manometry(EM) and gatroesophageal reflux (GERT) test were normal. Methods : A total of 38 patients who complained of the symptoms had been tested with 24-hour ambulatory EM and conventional GERT in our gastrointestinal clinic. Thirty patients whose tests had been normal(patients group) were assessed with Symptom Checklist-90-Revision(SCL-90-R), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), and Spielberger Stait-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) and compared with 30 patients(control group) without functional upper gut symtpoms in the hepatobiliary clinic. The two groups were also assessed by quantity of perceived stress during the last year through self-report. Results: 1) These patients tended to be predominently female, older, and possessed a lower education than control group. 79% of 38 patients who had been tested were normal. 2) Compared to the control group, the patients had significantly higher mean scores on four subscales(somatization, depression, anxiety, and positive symptom distress index). 3) The patient group had significantly more perceived stress than the control group. 4) The patients group had significantly higher levels of depression than the control gorup, but there was not any significant difference in the STAI. 5) There were significant positive correlations between the BDI score and the STAI-trait, the STAI-stait and the STAI-trait, the quantity of perceived stress and the STAI-trait. Conlusion : The patients with functional upper gut symptoms displayed more, psychological distress, sornatization, anxiety, and deperssion. Among them, patients had higer depression than control group. Functional upper gut symtoms could be more appropriately viewed as somatic symptoms of depression. These findings suggest that such patients need to have psychiatric intervention and treatment.

The Effects The Type of Canes-Handle Affects in Recovering-Balance of Hemiplegic patients

이상열,이명희,박민철,한진태,권오현,배성수,Lee, Sang-Yeol,Lee, Myoung-Hee,Park, Min-Chull,Han, Jin-Tae,Kweon, Oh-Hyun,Bae, Sung-Soo The Korean Society of Physical Therapy 2008 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.20 No.4

Purpose: We compared T-type and I-type canes on postural balance in 28 hemiplegic patients. Methods: Subjects were allocated randomly into two groups: a T-shape cane group (n=14) and an I-shape cane group (n=14). Before the test, subjects were trained by a physical therapist to walk with a cane for 6 weeks. The Main Outcome Measures were measured as maximal sway velocity, sway path, sway area, and partial weight bearing using a Balance Performance Monitor (BPM) and ambulation velocity using a 'Timed up and go test'. We also measured the maximal ambulation velocity. Results: The distribution of weight bearing on the affected side without the cane was 35% in the I-shape cane group and 36% in the T-shape cane group. After training, weight bearing on the affected side increased by 45% in the I-shape cane group and 40% in the T-shape cane group. With the cane held in the hand, weight bearing on the affected side in the T-shape cane group decreased by 3%. Conclusion: The I-shaped cane increased static standing balance, including hemiplegic side weight bearing. Therefore, I-shape canes can improve the balance of hemiplegic patients.

Purification and Biochemical Characterizations of Calmodulin from Bovine Brain

이상열,권헌영,김정희,이서구,Lee, Sang-Yeol,Kwon, Heun-Young,Kim, Jung-Hye,Rhee, Sue-Goo 생화학분자생물학회 1990 한국생화학회지 Vol.23 No.2

세포내에서 칼슘이 작용하는 반응을 조절하는 calmodulin 단백질을, 소의 뇌로부터 순수 분리하여 여러 가지 생화학적 성질을 연구하였다. 이것은 칼슘의 존재하에서 분자량이 15,000으로 나타나고, 칼슘을 제거한 상태의 분자량은 21,000으로 나타남으로써, 칼슘이 calmodulin에 결합하여 단백질의 3차원적 구조에 상당한 변화를 유발시킨다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 또한 자외선스팩트럼을 조사해본 결과 259, 265, 279 nm의 세 군데에서 최대 흡수 peak가 나타났는데, 이것은 calmodulin 단백질의 아미노산 조성 중 tryptophan이 존재하지 않으므로 인하여, phenylalanine과 tyrosine의 흡광도에 의한 영향으로 생각된다. 또한 칼슘과 calmodulin 농도를 변화시키면서, Ins(1, 4, 5) $P_3$-Kinase의 효소 활성도를 측정하여 본 결과, $6{\mu}M$ calmodulin이 효소반응용액에 존재할 경우 이들을 첨가하지 않은 때에 비하여 최대 7배까지의 효소 활성도를 증가시켰다. 이러한 실험 결과로부터, 최적 농도의 $Ca^{2+}$/calmodulin 복합체는 기질과 반응하기에 부적합한 구조의 target 효소와 결합하여, 활동적이고 반응하기에 매우 좋은 조건의 구조를 갖는 효소로 바꾸어 줌으로써 생체내의 반응조절에 중요한 역할을 한다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. Calmodulin, a heat stable $Ca^{++}$-binding protein, is a multifunctional modulator, mediating many of the $Ca^{++}$ effects in cellular functions. This protein interacts reversibly with $Ca^{++}$ to form a protein/$Ca^{++}$ complex, whose activity is regulated by cellular flux of $Ca^{++}$. Calmodulin from bovine brain was purified to complete homogeneity by heat, acid treatment and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The biochemical properties of the purified protein were examined under various criteria. It was estimated to have an apparent molecular weight of 21K and 15K in the absence or presence of $Ca^{++}$ respectively, which would mean the great conformational changes were induced by the binding of $Ca^{++}$ to calmodulin. The calmodulin had distinct ultraviolet absorption peaks at 259, 265, and 279 nm due to phenylalanine and tyrosine residues. Also, this protein activated the Ins(1,4,5) $P_3$-Kinase of which role is very important in cellular signal transduction, about seven folds (at $6{\mu}M$ $Ca^{++}$ and $1.0{\mu}M$ calmodulin) with a $Ca^{++}$-dependent manner.

Differential LC VCO with Enhanced Tank Structure and LC Filtering Techniques in InGaP/GaAs HBT Technology

이상열,김남영,Lee, Sang-Yeol,Kim, Nam-Young The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineerin 2007 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.18 No.2

본 논문은 InGaP/GaAs HBT 공정을 통해 제작한 적응성궤환 잡음제거시스템용 낮은 위상잡음을 갖는 LC 차동 전압제어 발진기를 제안합니다. 전압제어 발진기는 필터링 기술을 포함한 향상된 공진 탱크 구조를 갖습니다. 비대칭 인덕터 대칭 캐패시터 구조로 제안된 전압제어 발진기의 출력 가변 범위는 207 MHz입니다. 출력 전력은 balun과 케이블 손실을 포함하여 -6.68 dBm입니다. 10 kHz, 100 kHz, 1 MHz에서의 위상잡음은 각각 -102.02, -112.04 그리고 -130.4 dBc/Hz입니다. 이 전압제어 발진기는 총 $0.9{\times}0.9mm^2$ 면적 내에 집적화되었습니다. This paper presents the InGaP/GaAs HBT differential LC VCO with low phase noise performance for adaptive feedback interference cancellation system(AF-lCS). The VCO is verified with enhanced tank structure including filtering technique. The output tuning range for proposed VCO using asymmetric inductor and symmetric capacitors withlow pass filtering technique is 207 MHz. The output powers are -6.68 including balun and cable loss. The phase noise of this VCO at 10 kHz, 100 kHz and 1 MHz are -102.02 dBc/Hz, -112.04 dBc/Hz and -130.40 dBc/Hz. The VCO is designed within total size of $0.9{\times}0.9mm^2$.

COVID-19로 인해 발생한 업무의 피로도와 직무소진의 상관관계 및 직무스트레스와의 회귀분석 연구 -물리치료사를 대상으로-

이상열,최수홍,김인균,오강오,윤성영,석힘,허재석,Lee, Sang-Yeol,Choi, Su-Hong,Kim, In-Gyun,Oh, Kang-O,Yoon, Sung-Young,Seok, Him,Heo, Jae-Seok 대한고유수용성신경근촉진법학회 2021 PNF and Movement Vol.19 No.2

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the type of physical therapist response work and its intensity, along with the prolonged prevalence of COVID-19, to determine the impact on physical therapists' occupational stress and occupational burnout. Methods: An online survey was conducted with 118 physiotherapists and collected the participants' gender, final educational background, clinical work experience, workplace type, additional workload, and fatigue associated with COVID-19. After excluding one participant who submitted an incomplete questionnaire, 117 respondents were included in the final data. Results: Additional COVID-19-related workloads and response reliability for fatigue, occupational burnout, and occupational stress were shown to have Cronbach's alpha measures of 0.76, 0.89, and 0.87, respectively. Groups who had experienced a new epidemic in the past showed higher fatigue levels (3.06±0.94) than those groups who had no such experience (2.49±0.84; p < 0.05). Correlation analysis of COVID-19 work fatigue and occupational burnout scales showed a positive correlation (r = 0.19; p < 0.05). The regression of occupational burnout and occupational stress showed a regression model of Y = 20.00+0.43X₁ (X₁: job stress; p< 0.05) and an explanatory power of 24.8% with an adj.R² = 0.25. Conclusion: Based on the results, it is suggested that various institutions, such as medical institutions, educational institutions, and physiotherapists' associations, should seek ways to manage and alleviate physiotherapists' stress.

완전 복합신소재 풍력타워 개발

이상열,지효선,강영종,Lee, Sang-Yeol,Ji, Hyo-Seon,Kang, Young-Jong 한국복합신소재구조학회 2012 복합신소재학회논문집 Vol.3 No.2