Diagnostic usefulness of a T cell-based assay for latent tuberculosis infection in kidney transplant candidates before transplantation

Kim, S.-H.,Lee, S.-O.,Park, I.-A.,Park, S.J.,Choi, S.-H.,Kim, Y.S.,Woo, J.H.,Park, S.-K.,Park, J.S.,Kim, S.C.,Han, D.J. Blackwell Publishing Inc 2010 Transplant infectious disease Vol.12 No.2

<P>S.-H. Kim, S.-O. Lee, I.-A. Park, S.J. Park, S.-H. Choi, Y.S. Kim, J.H. Woo, S.-K. Park, J.S. Park, S.C. Kim, D.J. Han. Diagnostic usefulness of a T cell-based assay for latent tuberculosis infection in kidney transplant candidates before transplantation.Transpl Infect Dis 2010: <B>12:</B> 113–119. All rights reserved</P><P>Background</P><P>The presence of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) should be evaluated before kidney transplantation. Although a new T cell-based assay for diagnosing LTBI gave promising results, this assay has not yet been compared with the tuberculin skin test (TST) for diagnosing LTBI in renal transplant candidates before transplantation.</P><P>Patients and methods</P><P>All adult patients admitted to a single institute for renal transplantation over a 1-year period were prospectively enrolled. A clinically predictive risk of LTBI was defined as: (i) recent close contact with a person with pulmonary TB; (ii) abnormal chest radiography; (iii) a history of untreated or inadequately treated TB; or (iv) a new infection (i.e., a recent conversion of TST).</P><P>Results</P><P>Of 209 renal recipients, 47 (22%) had a positive TST≥5 mm, 21 (10%) had a positive TST≥10 mm, 65 (30%) had a positive T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> test, and 25 (12%) had an indeterminate T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> test. The induration size of TST was significantly associated with a high positivity rate on T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> (<I>P</I><0.001). Agreement between T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> test and TST≥10 mm was fair (<I>k</I>=0.24, 95% confidence interval 0.11–0.36). However, neither univariate nor multivariate analysis showed any association between the clinical risk for LTBI and positivity on T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> or TST.</P><P>Conclusion</P><P>T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> test was more frequently positive than TST in renal transplant candidates. However, further longitudinal studies are awaited to determine whether the ability of T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> assay to detect LTBI in renal transplant recipients can better predict the development of TB than can TST after transplantation.</P>

화학적 , 대사적 산화반응중 생성되는 S - oxide 를 이용한 O - ethyl S - methyl ethylphosphonothioate(1) 의 독성 기작에 관한 연구

허장현,Fukuto, T R,한대성 한국환경농학회 1991 한국환경농학회지 Vol.10 No.2

O,S-dialkyl alkylphosphonothioates 계열 유기인제 농약의 체내 작용기작을 이해하기 위하여 model 화합물 (1), O-ethyl S-methyl ethylphosphonothioate [LD_(50) (rat, oral) 4.6㎎/㎏ : K_i(bovine erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase) 303 M^(-1)min^(-1)]이 선정되었다. 이 유기인계 화합물들은 체내에서 活性化 과정을 겪으면서 毒性을 발현하는 것으로 假說되어져 왔다. 생체 내 mixed function oxidases에 의한 산화 활성화 과정을 化學的으로 재현하기 위하여 두 종류의 유기산화제 즉, meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid와 monoperoxyphthalic acid가 사용되었고, 代謝的 산화를 재현하기 위하여 쥐 肝에서 추출한 microsomal oxidation system을 이용한 in vitro 산화반응이 시도되었다. 산화반응 중간생성물인 S-oxide의 존재가 전구물질(1)의 가설적 산화 반응경로를 통해서 간접적으로나마 충분히 확인 되어질 수 있었다. 더욱이 ethanol을 이용한 trapping실험에서 불안정한 산화중간물질인 S-oxide가 강한 phosphorylating agent라는 것이 확인되어, 전구물질 (1)로부터 산화반응을 거치면서 생성된 이 중간물질이 체내 신경전달에 중요한 역할을 하는 acetylcholinesterase를 phosphorylation하게 되고, 결국 이런 활성화 과정을 통해 이 계열의 화합물들이 독성을 발휘하는 것으로 이해될 수 있었다. O-ethyl S-methyl ethylphosphonothioate [LD_(50) (rat, oral) 4.6㎎/㎏ : K_i(bovine erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase) 303 M^(-1min-1)] was selected as a model compound to study the mode of action of O, S-dialkyl alkylphosphonothioates which have been hypothesized to be toxic via a bioactivation process. Two chemical oxidants, meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid and monoperoxyphthalic acid, and rat liver microsomal oxidases were used to mimic the action of mixed function oxidases on the model compound. The formation of S-oxide, a very unstable active intermediate, was proposed based on the identification of metabolic products. Furthermore, a trapping experiment with ethanol showed that the unstable intermediate S-oxide had the ability to phosphorylate acetylcholinesterase which is an important enzyme in nerve systems. The S-oxide intermediates are presumed to be responsible for the toxicity of O,S-dialkyl alkylphosphonothioates.

반추위 곰팡이의 분리 · 동정과 섬유소 분해효소의 특성구명 및 이들의 산업적 이용에 관한 연구 (4) 한우 및 재래산양의 반추위에서 분리된 곰팡이의 섬유소 분해력 측정

이성실(S . S . Lee),하종규(J . K . Ha),최윤재(Y . J . Choi),한인규(In K . Han),김창현(C . H . Kim),강수현(S . H . Kang) 한국영양사료학회 1995 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.19 No.5

Electrocatalytic activity of chemically deposited Cu_xS thin film for counter electrode in quantum dots-sensitized solar cells

Lim, I.,Lee, D.Y.,Patil, S.A.,Shrestha, N.K.,Kang, S.H.,Nah, Y.C.,Lee, W.,Han, S.H. Elsevier Science Publishers 2014 Materials chemistry and physics Vol.148 No.3

The compact (c-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S) and the porous (p-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S) with particle decorated films of coppers-ulfidearesynthesized using a chemical bath deposition technique, and the films are characterized using electrochemical techniques. In addition, the chemically deposited Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S films are investigated as a counter electrode in quantum dots-sensitized solar cells (QSSCs). The available redox active reaction sites of the p-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S film are found to be 57.9% higher than those available in the c-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S film. From the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the effective diffusion coefficients of the polysulfide electrolyte in the c-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S and p-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S films are estimated to be 3.67 x 10<SUP>-5</SUP> and 6.35 x 10<SUP>-5</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> s<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. These results can be ascribed to the improvement in the available redox active reaction sites and the electrocatalytic activity of the Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S counter electrode. As compared to the c-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S film, the p-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S film as a counter electrode exhibits an enhanced photovoltaic performance of the QSSCs with the power conversion efficiency of 3.17%, short-circuit current of 11.89 mA c<SUP>-</SUP>m<SUP>2</SUP>, open-circuit voltage of 0.50 V, and fill factor of 53.29. The improved performance of the QSSCs is ascribed to the improvements on the available redox active reaction sites, electrocatalytic activity and the diffusion coefficients, which are directly related to the surface morphology of the sulfide films.

放射菌을 利用한 異種間 原形質體 融合과 그 融合體의 安定性에 관한 硏究(Ⅱ)

閔洪基,金昌珉,孫麗源,韓惠勝,崔英珠,丁大映,韓康玄,李相燮,李欽淑,元奉必 국립보건연구원 1992 국립보건원보 Vol.29 No.2

국산박류의 사료가치에 관한 연구 2 . 부로일러에 대한 박류비교시험

백인기,한인규,김춘수 ( In K . Paik,In K . Han,Chun S . Kim ) 한국축산학회 1975 한국축산학회지 Vol.17 No.4

An experiment was conducted to study the comparative feeding value of locally produced vegetable protein cakes such as soybean oil meal (44%) (S.B.O.M.), rapeseed oil meal (R.O.M.), perilla oil meal (P.O.M.), sesame oil meal (S.O.M.) and corn gluten (50%). Three hundred broiler chickens were used for 8 weeks feeding trial and successive metabolic tiral. Results obtained are as follows; 1. Weight gains were significantly (P$lt;0.01) different among treatments showing the best gain in S.B.O.M. group and then P.O.M., R.O.M., corn gluten and S.O.M. group in that order. Feed intake showed same trend as weight gain did. For the feed efficiency, S.B.O.M. group was significantly (P$lt;0.01) superior to the other groups and S.O.M. group was significantly inferior to the other groups. Among the groups of receiving R.O.M., P.O.M. and corn gluten, differences were not significant each other in feed efficiency. 2. Amino acids compositions of R.O.M. and S.B.O.M. were better than that of other protein feeds considering their relatively high E.A.A. Index of 76.32 and 76.21 respectively. P.O.M., S.O.M. and corn gluten were low in lysine content while methionine contents were relatively high. 3. Nitrogen corrected M.E. values of S.B.O.M., R.O.M., P.O.M., S.O.M. and corn gluten were 2,367㎉, 843㎉, 2.234㎉, 1,305㎉ and 4,283㎉, respectively. Rates of nitrogen retention of P.O.M., S.B.O.M., R.O.M., corn gluten and S.O.M. were 59.38%, 51.18%, 54.11%, 44.80%, and 36.01%, respectively. 4. Dry matter and crude protein availabilities of finisher diet of R.O.M. group and S.B.O.M. group were higher than that of other groups but not significantly different. On the contrary however, crude fat availabilities of R.O.M., and S.B.O.M. group were significantly (P$lt;0.01) lower than that of other groups. 5. Thyroid gland weights and total serum cholesterol contents were significantly (P$lt;0.05) different among treatments. However, the relationship between thyroid gland weight and cholesterol content was observed only in R.O.M. group. Corn gluten was verb effective to increase skin pigmentation. 6. Production cost for 1㎏ of broiler meat of S.B.O.M. group was lower by about 20 won to 30won than that of R.O.M., corn gluten, or P.O.M. group, and by about 100won than that of sesame oil meal group which was least for the performance among the treatments.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate-induced Flk-1 transactivation stimulates mouse embryonic stem cell proliferation through S1P₁/S1P₃-dependent β-arrestin/c-Src pathways

Ryu, J.M.,Baek, Y.B.,Shin, M.S.,Park, J.H.,Park, S.H.,Lee, J.H.,Han, H.J. Elsevier 2014 Stem cell research Vol.12 No.1

Although recent findings showed that the bioactive lipid metabolites can regulate the ES cell functions, the physiological relevance of interaction between sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and Flk-1 and its related signaling molecules are not yet clear in ES cell proliferation. In the present study, S1P<SUB>1-5</SUB> receptors were expressed in mouse ES cells and S1P increased S1P<SUB>1-3</SUB> receptor expression level. S1P treatment stimulated the cellular proliferation in S1P<SUB>1/3</SUB>-dependent manner, located in lipid rafts. In response to S1P, β-arrestin was recruited to S1P<SUB>1/3</SUB> receptor and c-Src was activated. S1P also increased the binding of S1P<SUB>1/3</SUB> receptor with Flk-1. Similar to responses for VEGF, S1P increased Flk-1 phosphorylation, which was blocked by β-arrestin siRNA, and PP2, but not by VEGF-A<SUB>164</SUB> antibody or VEGF siRNA. In addition, S1P induced VEGF expression and VEGFR2 kinase inhibitor (SU1498) blocked the S1P-induced cellular proliferation. However, VEGF-A<SUB>164</SUB> antibody or VEGF siRNA partially blocked S1P-induced cellular proliferation, suggesting that both VEGF-dependent Flk-1 activation and VEGF-independent Flk-1 activation are involved in S1P-induced ES cell proliferation. S1P and VEGF-induced phosphorylation of ERK and JNK were blocked by pretreatment with SU1498. Moreover, inhibition of ERK and JNK blocked S1P-induced cellular proliferation. In conclusion, S1P-elicited transactivation of Flk-1 mediated by S1P<SUB>1/3</SUB>-dependent β-arrestin/c-Src pathways stimulated mouse ES cell proliferation.

S6K1 Phosphorylation of H2B Mediates EZH2 Trimethylation of H3: A Determinant of Early Adipogenesis

Yi, S.,Um, S.,Lee, J.,Yoo, J.,Bang, S.,Park, E.,Lee, M.,Nam, K.,Jeon, Y.,Park, J.,You, J.,Lee, S.J.,Bae, G.U.,Rhie, J.,Kozma, Sara C.,Thomas, G.,Han, J.W. Cell Press 2016 Molecular Cell Vol.62 No.3

S6K1 has been implicated in a number of key metabolic responses, which contribute to obesity. Critical among these is the control of a transcriptional program required for the commitment of mesenchymal stem cells to the adipocytic lineage. However, in contrast to its role in the cytosol, the functions and targets of nuclear S6K1 are unknown. Here, we show that adipogenic stimuli trigger nuclear translocation of S6K1, leading to H2BS36 phosphorylation and recruitment of EZH2 to H3, which mediates H3K27 trimethylation. This blocks Wnt gene expression, inducing the upregulation of PPARγ and Cebpa and driving increased adipogenesis. Consistent with this finding, white adipose tissue from S6K1-deficient mice exhibits no detectable H2BS36 phosphorylation or H3K27 trimethylation, whereas both responses are highly elevated in obese humans or in mice fed a high-fat diet. These findings define an S6K1-dependent mechanism in early adipogenesis, contributing to the promotion of obesity.

Biochemical analysis of recombinant CYP4A11 allelic variant enzymes: W126R, K276T and S353G

Han, S.,Cha, G.S.,Chun, Y.J.,Lee, C.H.,Kim, D.,Yun, C.H. JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF XENOBIOTICS 2016 DRUG METABOLISM AND PHARMACOKINETICS Vol.31 No.6

Human CYP4A11 is the major ω-hydroxylase of fatty acids in the liver and kidneys. It produces 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid as well as hydroxylates fatty acids. In this study, we investigated the biochemical properties of three alleles of CYP4A11: W126R, K276T, and S353G. Site-directed mutagenesis of the wild type CYP4A11 was performed, to construct the W126R, K276T, and S353G variant clones. The CYP4A11 wild type and variant constructs were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. CO-binding spectra showed the expression of the wild type, K276T and S353G variants, indicating the functional P450 holoenzyme. The W126R variant was not expressed in E. coli. Binding affinities of lauric acid in K276T and S353G variants were stronger than that of wild type. Steady-state kinetics in the hydroxylation reaction of fatty acids were studied. The catalytic efficiencies (k<SUB>cat</SUB>/K<SUB>m</SUB>) of K276T and S353G variants in the reactions without cytochrome b<SUB>5</SUB> were approximately 2- and 4-fold higher, respectively, than that of wild type, and in the reactions with cytochrome b<SUB>5</SUB> they were approximately 2- and 3-fold higher, respectively. These results suggest that individuals carrying the alleles, K276T and S353G, might exhibit higher catalysis of CYP4A11, which may affect the endogenous metabolic products associated with regulation of blood pressure.

Role of the Meckel’s Cartilage in Embryonic Mandibular Development of Mice

J. W Choi,S. B Han,J. H Sung,H. I Shin 대한구강악안면병리학회 2005 대한구강악안면병리학회지 Vol.29 No.5

Mecke!'s car t ilage is one of the ea rliest structu re to appear in a mandible derived from the lï rst branchi a l a rch and serves as the primorclium I"or the formation 01‘ mandible‘ mall eus. incus. and sphenomandibular li gament However. its direct role a nd the mechanism in mandibular clevelopment a re not well elucidated. 1'0 address t his Issue‘ we observed morphol ogical and histological changes and gene expression patterns in the Mecke!'s cart ilage 01" a cleveloping mouse. I"rom E13.5 to E18.5 embryos. using skeletal preparation samples a ncl routinely prepa red s lide secti ons for light mi croscopic observation in various sectional planes. The following methods were per |‘ ormecl : H&E staining I"or general hi st이 og i cal observation ‘ Von Kossafor detection of minerali zation. TRAP activ ity staining for locali zaLion 01’ osteoclastic cell s. immunohistochemistry for !Iα@-1 a ncl -9 forevaluati on of enzy matic activity 01" osteoclasLic cell s. a ncl in situ hybricli zation for detection of collagen type 1. Il. ancl X mRNA ex presslon‘ respecLively. AL E1 3.5 Mec kel's cartilage appeared as a V-shaped rod fused a t the micl line and thin minera li zed ma ndibular buccal plaLe was I"ormed lateral to. and at some clistance from. Meckel’s carti lage in an intramembranous ossi lïcation mocle. WiLh the progression of tooth development. t he Meckel’s in carti lage adjacent incisors revealecl hyperLrophi c chonclrocyte di ff"er entiation with minerali zation of the chondroid matrix. The Meckel’s car Li lage was replacecl with bone by o~ L eoc l asLs . showing strong immunoreact ivity for MMP- l ancl -9 from E16 5 Wi Lh ti me‘ Lhis bony replacement of Meckel's cartilage in an endochondral ossification mode was ex Lenclecl up Lo the mid-porLion of Lhe molar sockets til l EI8.5. The bony replacement of minera li zed hypertrophic chondrocyte zone expressing X collagen mHNA conLri buted to the formation of thick mandibular lingual plate . 1'hese f"i ndings suggesL LhaL mandibular formalion and development is closely relatecl with not only Mecke!'s carLi lage. buL also wiLh Lhc developing LooLh. and thaL C'erLai n in f"l uence from the developing tooth may play a role in detcrmin in g Lhe faLc of Meckel’s ca rLi lage cluring ma ndi bular development.