Isolation and enzymatic characterization of the first reported hyaluronidase from Yak (Bos grunniens) testis

Ru-ren Li,Qun-li Yu,Ling Han,Liang-yan Rong,Meng-meng Yang,Mai-rui An 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.31 No.11

A novel hyaluronidase (BgHya1) from Yak testis was isolated and shown to have compara-tively high activity on sodium hyaluronate. However, surveys on BgHya1 are still limited. The enzyme was purifiedthrough gel filtration on Sephacryl S-100 and cation-exchange on SP Sepharose fast flow; the purity was confirmedby a reverse phase FPLC Shodex C4 column. The specific activity of the purified BgHya1 was 20.4 U/mg assayed bythe colorimetric method against 0.85 U/mg for the crude enzyme, representing a 24-fold purification. It was a monomericprotein of 55 kDa estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and SephacrylS-200. It exhibited maximum activity in the presence of 0.15 M NaCl at 37 oC, pH 3.8, and a specificity to sodiumhyaluronate higher than that of chondroitin-4-sulfate, chondroitin-6-sulfate, and dermatan. The Km value for BgHya1,using sodium hyaluronate as substrate, was 0.106 mg/mL. Activity of BgHya1 was inhibited mildly by Ca2+and Fe2+,and significantly by Fe3+, Mg2+, EDTA, urea, heparin, and 0.5 M NaCl. It was not affected by Cu2+,Zn2+,Co2+, ascorbicacid, PMSF, DTT, glutathione (reduced), or L-cysteine. BgHya1 was shown to be heat unstable in the range of 4-45 oC. In terms of storage stability, 92% of the activity was retained after four weeks at 4 oC, and 58% at room temperature. In addition, adding BSA (1.0 mg/mL) to the enzyme sample prior to freezing resulted in complete retention of enzymeactivity. This work yielded a high purity hyaluronidase, the first one isolated from by-product.

Nutritional Characteristics and Active Components in Liver from Wagyu×Qinchuan Cattle

Ru-Ren Li,Ling Han,Hui Cao 한국축산식품학회 2014 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.34 No.2

We investigated nutritional characteristics and active components in the liver of Wagyu×Qinchuan cattle and Qinchuancattle produced in Shaanxi (China). We observed significant differences (p<0.05) in the proximate composition of protein,fat, carbohydrate, total energy, and glycogen. Wagyu×Qinchuan cattle liver showed higher (p<0.05) sodium, iron, zinc, andselenium concentrations than Qinchuan cattle liver. The amino acid composition of Wagyu×Qinchuan cattle liver was richer(p<0.05) in 13 types of amino acids, with the exception of Asp (10.06%), Val (5.86%), and Met (1.72%). Total essentialamino acids accounted for almost half the composition (39.69%) in Wagyu×Qinchuan cattle liver. Wagyu×Qinchuan cattleliver had lower (p<0.05) levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (18.2%), but higher (p<0.05) levels of polyunsaturated fattyacids (35.11%), compared with Qinchuan cattle liver (23.29% and 28.11%, respectively). The thrombogenic index washigher in Qinchuan cattle liver (0.86) than in Wagyu×Qinchuan cattle liver (0.70), and the glutathione (38.0 mg/100g) andL-carnitine (2.12 µM/g) content was higher (p<0.05) in Wagyu×Qinchuan cattle liver than in Qinchuan cattle liver(29.8 mg/100g and 1.41 µM/g, respectively). According to the results obtained, the liver of Wagyu×Qinchuan cattle, whichis insufficiently used, should be increasingly utilized to improve its commercial value.

Nutritional Characteristics and Active Components in Liver from Wagyu×Qinchuan Cattle

Li, Ru-Ren,Yu, Qun-Li,Han, Ling,Cao, Hui Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2014 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.34 No.2

We investigated nutritional characteristics and active components in the liver of Wagyu${\times}$Qinchuan cattle and Qinchuan cattle produced in Shaanxi (China). We observed significant differences (p<0.05) in the proximate composition of protein, fat, carbohydrate, total energy, and glycogen. Wagyu${\times}$Qinchuan cattle liver showed higher (p<0.05) sodium, iron, zinc, and selenium concentrations than Qinchuan cattle liver. The amino acid composition of Wagyu${\times}$Qinchuan cattle liver was richer (p<0.05) in 13 types of amino acids, with the exception of Asp (10.06%), Val (5.86%), and Met (1.72%). Total essential amino acids accounted for almost half the composition (39.69%) in Wagyu${\times}$Qinchuan cattle liver. Wagyu${\times}$Qinchuan cattle liver had lower (p<0.05) levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (18.2%), but higher (p<0.05) levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (35.11%), compared with Qinchuan cattle liver (23.29% and 28.11%, respectively). The thrombogenic index was higher in Qinchuan cattle liver (0.86) than in Wagyu${\times}$Qinchuan cattle liver (0.70), and the glutathione (38.0 mg/100g) and L-carnitine (2.12 ${\mu}M/g$) content was higher (p<0.05) in Wagyu${\times}$Qinchuan cattle liver than in Qinchuan cattle liver (29.8 mg/100g and 1.41 ${\mu}M/g$, respectively). According to the results obtained, the liver of Wagyu${\times}$Qinchuan cattle, which is insufficiently used, should be increasingly utilized to improve its commercial value.

Identification and characterization of a novel endoglucanase (CMCase) isolated from the larval gut of Bombyx mori

Ru-Jian Ma,Chun-Yan Wang,Yan-Wei Liu,Thasma Raman Sivakumar,Zi-Xu Ren,Ying Fang,Jun-Qiang Jia,Zhong-Zheng Gui 한국응용곤충학회 2014 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.17 No.1

While screening for cellulase-producing fungi from insect gut, a fungus with high endoglucanase (carboxymethylcellulase; CMCase) activitywas isolated fromthe larval gut of Bombyx mori. Based onmorphological characteristicsand using an 18S rRNA-based molecular phylogenetic approach, the fungus, strain BMC-2, was identified as aMucor sp. expressing a novel alkalotolerant cellulase. The maximum production of cellulase by the BMC-2 strainwas observed at 55°C and pH8.0. The CMCase activity was inhibited by Cu2+ N Na+ N Zn2+ N Mg2+ N Ba2+, andinduced by Ca2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, and K+.

Market Reactions to the Split-share Structure Reform and the Determinants of Compensation: Evidence from Chinese Listed Firms

Li Cheng,Jeng-Ren Chiou,Yenn-Ru Chen,LEEBONGSOO 한국증권학회 2012 Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies Vol.41 No.2

The split-share structure is a unique characteristic of corporate ownership in China, and is often linked to poor firm performance and inefficient corporate governance. In this paper, we investigate market reactions around several important event days during the process of the split-share structure reform (share reform) in Chinese listed firms. The market reacts differently to different events during the process. First, the market reacts positively to firms’ intention of implementing the share reform when the reform prospectus is disclosed and when the compensation is actually paid. Second, after the reform is actually implemented, the market reacts negatively when the expiration date of the lockup agreement is announced, because the restricted trading shares can be freely traded and thus share supply increases after the expiration date. In addition, the compensation paid to tradable shareholders by non-tradable shareholders is determined by the stock liquidity before the reform, the proportion of restricted trading shares, and the type of ultimate shareholders. We further find that the payment of compensation, the proportion of restricted shares after the share reform, and a time gap between suspension and resumption days are the main factors affecting the market reaction.

Study on the Fracture Toughness of Polypropylene-Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Concrete

Ninghui Liang,Lianxi Ren,Shuo Tian,Xinrong Liu,Zuliang Zhong,Zhiyun Deng,Ru Yan 한국콘크리트학회 2021 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.15 No.5

To study the hybrid effects of polypropylene fiber and basalt fiber on the fracture toughness of concrete, 13 groups of notched concrete beam specimens with different fiber contents and mass ratios were prepared for the three-point bending test. Based on acoustic emission monitoring data, the initiation cracking load and instability load of each group of specimens were obtained, and the fracture toughness parameters were calculated according to the double- K fracture criterion. The test results show that the basalt fiber-reinforced concrete has a greater increase in initial fracture toughness, and the toughness of coarse polypropylene fiber-reinforced concrete is more unstable. Moreover, after the coarse polypropylene fiber content reaches 6 kg/m³ and the basalt fiber content reaches 3 kg/m³, increasing the content will not significantly improve the fracture toughness of the concrete. The polypropylene-basalt fiber will produce positive and negative effects when mixed, and the mass ratio of 2:1 was optimal. Finally, the fitting analysis revealed that the fracture process of polypropylene-basalt fiber-reinforced concrete (PBFRC) can be objectively described by the bilinear softening constitutive curve improved by Xu and Reinhardt.

Study on thermal buckling and post-buckling behaviors of FGM tubes resting on elastic foundations

She, Gui-Lin,Ren, Yi-Ru,Xiao, Wan-Shen,Liu, Haibo Techno-Press 2018 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.66 No.6

This paper studies thermal buckling and post-buckling behaviors of functionally graded materials (FGM) tubes subjected to a uniform temperature rise and resting on elastic foundations via a refined beam model. Compared to the Timoshenko beam theory, the number of unknowns of this model are the same and no correction factors are required. The material properties of the FGM tube vary continuously in the radial direction according to a power function. Two ends of the tube are assumed to be simply supported and in-plane boundary conditions are immovable. Energy variation principle is employed to establish the governing equations. A two-step perturbation method is adopted to determine the critical thermal buckling loads and post-buckling paths of the tubes with arbitrary radial non-homogeneity. Through detailed parametric studies, it can be found that the tube has much higher buckling temperature and post-buckling strength when it is supported by an elastic foundation.

Study on thermal buckling and post-buckling behaviors of FGM tubes resting on elastic foundations

Gui-Lin She,Yi-Ru Ren,Wan-Shen Xiao,Hai-Bo Liu 국제구조공학회 2018 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.66 No.6

This paper studies thermal buckling and post-buckling behaviors of functionally graded materials (FGM) tubes subjected to a uniform temperature rise and resting on elastic foundations via a refined beam model. Compared to the Timoshenko beam theory, the number of unknowns of this model are the same and no correction factors are required. The material properties of the FGM tube vary continuously in the radial direction according to a power function. Two ends of the tube are assumed to be simply supported and in-plane boundary conditions are immovable. Energy variation principle is employed to establish the governing equations. A two-step perturbation method is adopted to determine the critical thermal buckling loads and post-buckling paths of the tubes with arbitrary radial non-homogeneity. Through detailed parametric studies, it can be found that the tube has much higher buckling temperature and post-buckling strength when it is supported by an elastic foundation.

Degradation of Lignocelluloses in Rice Straw by BMC-9, a Composite Microbial System

( Hongyan Zhao ),( Hai Ru Yu ),( Xu Feng Yuan ),( Ren Zhe Piao ),( Hu Lin Li ),( Xiao Fen Wang ),( Zong Jun Cui ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2014 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.24 No.5

To evaluate the potential utility of pretreatment of raw biomass with a complex microbial system, we investigated the degradation of rice straw by BMC-9, a lignocellulose decomposition strain obtained from a biogas slurry compost environment. The degradation characteristics and corresponding changes in the bacterial community were assessed. The results showed that rapid degradation occurred from day 0 to day 9, with a peak total biomass bacterium concentration of 3.3 × 10(8) copies/ml on day 1. The pH of the fermentation broth declined initially and then increased, and the mass of rice straw decreased steadily. The highest concentrations of volatile fatty acid contents (0.291 mg/l lactic acid, 0.31 mg/l formic acid, 1.93 mg/l acetic acid, and 0.73 mg/l propionic acid) as well as the highest xylanse activity (1.79 U/ml) and carboxymethyl cellulase activity (0.37 U/ml) occurred on day 9. The greatest diversity among the microbial community also occurred on day 9, with the presence of bacteria belonging to Clostridium sp., Bacillus sp., and Geobacillus sp. Together, our results indicate that BMC-9 has a strong ability to rapidly degrade the lignocelluloses of rice straw under relatively inexpensive conditions, and the optimum fermentation time is 9 days.

Hygro-thermal wave propagation in functionally graded double-layered nanotubes systems

Gui-Lin She,Yi-Ru Ren,Fuh-Gwo Yuan 국제구조공학회 2019 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.31 No.6

In this paper, wave propagation is studied and analyzed in double-layered nanotubes systems via the nonlocal strain gradient theory. To the author's knowledge, the present paper is the first to investigate the wave propagation characteristics of double-layered porous nanotubes systems. It is generally considered that the material properties of nanotubes are related to the porosity and hygro-thermal effects. The governing equations of the double-layered nanotubes systems are derived by using the Hamilton principle. The dispersion relations and displacement fields of wave propagation in the double nanotubes systems which experience three different types of motion are obtained and discussed. The results show that the phase velocities of the double nanotubes systems depend on porosity, humidity change, temperature change, material composition, non-local parameter, strain gradient parameter, interlayer spring, and wave number.