Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein: The Link Between Frankenstein’s Creation of an Intelligent Being and Machine Learning of Artificial Intelligence

( Lee¸ Ran Hee ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2019 영어권문화연구 Vol.12 No.2

Science and technology in the 21st century is accelerating the humanization of machines (artificial intelligence and humanoid) and the mechanization of humans (artificial prosthetics and human cloning) and allowing us to view humans and machines in successive spectra. There are many works in literature and movies that deal with both of them, inspired by Frankenstein’s creation in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. For the 20th and 21st centuries, Frankenstein has been reinterpreted and recreated as science developed. The novel Frankenstein began with “warning us about future developments” (Kellner 302) and has now evolved into cyberpunk fiction and movie. First of all, this paper will examine the limitation of Frankenstein’s creation in the process of his development into a human being, compared to an authentic human; next, in terms of literary and scientific imagination, attempt to shed new light on Frankenstein’s creation by comparing it with machine learning of artificial intelligence from a mechanical point of view; lastly, from the humanities point of view, try to discuss scientists’ ethical responsibility in the production process of artificial intelligence. This paper will specifically compare the learning process of Frankenstein’s creation with the machine learning of artificial intelligence, and try to present a direct link between Frankenstein’s intelligent being and artificial intelligence.

A Posthuman Vision: Transhuman Characters Between Humans and Posthumans from Samuel Beckett’s Endgame

( Lee¸ Ran Hee ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2018 영어권문화연구 Vol.11 No.2

The vision of transhumans and posthumans in the 21st century is a powerful paradigm. The main purpose of this paper is, at the time when our human species are trying to evolve ourselves, 1) to define a transhuman prior to a coming posthuman, based on Nick Bostrom, Francis Fukuama and several futurists’ writings, 2) to analyze the characters in Samuel Beckett’s absurd play Endgame from transhumanist perspective, 3) and to think together about how to find appropriate alternatives by presenting the transhuman problems from the point of view of literature and sociology in humanistic and practical level. The main contents of the paper consists of four parts. First, it shows that transhumanization of the present human being is proceeding through Hamm corresponding to the body of transhuman as a cyborg and the Clov playing a role as the prosthesis connected with Hamm’s body. Next, from Nagg and Nell, Hamm’s parents and old people with extended lives, it suggests that the development of genetic engineering can lead to the social and cultural problems that elderly people with extended lifespan can arise when they rely on transhumans without productivity and any work. Third, it questions whether it is justified that normal people use psychotropic drugs not for treatments but for control and enhancement of their emotions like Hamm that continues to seek a drug. Last, it presents a postmhuman vision of evolving from a human via a transhuman to a posthuman through Hamm standing on the fault line between a human and a nonhuman, and between a human and a posthuman.

중학생의 건강행위에 영향을 미치는 결정요소

이영란,소희영 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1996 충남의대잡지 Vol.23 No.1

The study aimed to verify The Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior by Cox in order to extend the understanding for the health behavior of middle school students. The survey was conducted to the second-grade students of two middle schools in Dae Chun Metropolitan City by questionnaire from July 5 to 15, 1995. Total 660 students responded the research tool after the explanation of nurse teacher. A demographic questionaire was developed by researcher. Health Perception was measured by Ware's scale, Health self-determinism index for children was used to measure intrinsic motivation. Self-esteem was measured by the Harter's self perception profile for children. Health beha vior was measured by Ki's health behavior scale. Collected data was processed through the frequency, t-test, ANOVA and regression test of SAS program. The findings obtained were as follows; 1. Statistically meaningful difference was found about the health behavior acccrding to gender(t=4.25, p<.001). Boy students showed more health behavior than girl students. 2. As to boy students, the determinants of the health behavior were father's health, student's health and father's education among client peculiarity elements, which appeared to have influence on the intrinsic motivation, health perception and self-esteem of mediating variables. Among the mediating variables health perception was the determinants of the health behavior. 3. As to girl students, the determinants of the health behavior were father's health, student's health, father's education and mother's education among client peculiarity elements, which appeared to have influence on the intrinsic motivation, health perception and self-esteem of the mediating variables. Among the mediating variables, the intrinsic motivation and health perception were the determinants of the health behavior. 4. In this model, the determinants of boy students explained the health tehavior by 6%, and the ones of girl students by 11.6%. From the above findings, the variables constituting the health behavior appeared to be of very low utility. More study seemed to be needed to verify the validity of the IMCHB. It's not possible for nurse teacher to directly mediate the populational sociological variables in regards of student peculiarity. But continuous health education by nurse teacher would improve student's intrinsic motivation, health recognition and self-esteem and guide the desirable health behavior. Besides, cooperation with community resources would be helpful to develop a program improving parent's health, and finally to improve the health behavior of middle school students.

교합면을 포함하지 않는 2급 글래스 아이오노머 시멘트 수복물의 변연누출

이영란,허복,이희주 大韓齒科保存學會 1998 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.23 No.1

The microleakage of direct-access Class 2 restorations was evaluated. Cavities were prepared at mesial and distal proximal enamel surfaces of 20 extracted human molars through buccal window. Prepared cavities were filled with Ketac-Fil, Ketac-Silver, and Fuji Ⅱ LC, following manufacturer's instructions. 4 specimens of each restorations were made through sectioning 1/4 of bucco-lingual length mesio-distally after thermocycling between 5℃ and 60℃ and imerging 0.5% basic-fuchsin dye solution. Leakage at both occlusal and gingival margin of each specimen was scored 0 to 3 with stereomicroscope. The results were as follows: 1. At occlusal margin, leakage in Ketac-Fil group was more than Ketac-Silver and Fuji Ⅱ LC group(ANOVA p<0.05) and there was no significant difference between Ketac-Silver and Fuji Ⅱ LC goup(p>0.05), and at gingival margin, there was no significant difference amang materials(p>0.05). 2. Occlusal margin leaked more than gingival margin in Ketac-Silver and Fuji Ⅱ LC group(t-test p<0.05). 3. Leakage was different according to bucco-lingual location in Ketac-Fil and Fuji Ⅱ LC group, and lingaul specimen exhibited more leakage(ANOVA p<0.05).

개의 심낭내 투여한 Quinidine이 삼장 유효불응기에 미치는 영향

한명철,김재형,노태호,김희열,김종진,조은주,진승원,유기동,이만영,채장성,홍순조,최규보 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.4

중학생을 위한 원예프로그램 평가 사례연구

김희성,이은희,곽혜란 韓國植物ㆍ人間ㆍ環境學會 2001 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.4 No.4

Current horticultural therapy programs have two main problems. First, the contents of the programs are too monotonous. Second, although the programs are not applicable to all subjects because they are not standardized nor appropriately classified, they are applied without consideration of characteristics and/or goals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to find an appropriate program for middle school students. The study was centered on widely- applied horticultural programs and was based on the experiences and reactions of the subjects. When the programs were evaluated on emotional expression, socialization, participation and completion levels, The results are as follows: for interest levels, the highest was for pure horticultural cultivation programs applied horticultural programs. Although horticulture and art combined programs showed low interest levels, horticultural effectiveness was measured at before first week, during seventh week and after fourteenthwhile the lowest for craft-combined week the program at time intervals. Emotional expression and socialization levels showed effectiveness from seventh to fourteenth week, but declined after the seventh week.

The effects of antibiotics on the reproductive physiology targeting ovaries in the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus

Ha Young‐Ran,Jeong Se‐Jin,Jang Chang‐Won,Chang Kyu‐Sik,Kim Hyun‐Woo,Cho Shin‐Hyoung,Lee Hee‐Il 한국곤충학회 2021 Entomological Research Vol.51 No.2

Mosquitoes have adapted to various environmental conditions. Symbionts with mosquitoes impact this adaptation in different environments. In the field, mosquitoes could get exposed to antibiotics during their developmental period, which could reduce or eliminate their symbiotic microbes. However, the side effects of the antibiotics on the ovary and reproductive physiology of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of tetracycline and combinations of rifampicin and tetracycline at environmentally acceptable levels on the reproductive physiology of ovaries in Ae. albopictus. Rifampicin and tetracycline in combination reduced the hatching rate and fertility of Ae. albopictus compared to the untreated control group. These antibiotics induced histopathological damage and reactive oxygen species production in the ovaries. The combination of antibiotics decreased the expression of surface protein of Wolbachia (WSP) in Ae. albopictus. Additionally, the expression of Toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Myd88 were triggered by the combinations. The findings demonstrate the detrimental effects of antibiotics, particularly combinations of rifampicin and tetracycline, on the reproductive capacity of Ae. albopictus females.

마루운동에서의 앞공중돌기에 대한 운동역학적 분석

김영란,윤희중,이연종 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所 1993 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.12 No.1

The Purpose of this study was to describe. the biomecanical factors on forward somersault on floor exercise. Five highly-skilled male collegiate gymnasts were filmed on a high speed video camera form the start to the landing. Also experimental set-up consisted of a force plateform interfaced to a laboratory computer. The results of this study could be summarized as follows. l. It showed that vertical ground reaction force patterns, including only single peak point, indicated that the subjects did not contact the force platform with heel of both feet but rather contacted on the mid hall of feet. 2. It showed that anteroposterior ground reaction force were charecterized a braking force posteriorly directed during the most of support phase and a propelling force anteriorly directed the last short period of support phase. 3. It showed that the wave forms of the mediolateral ground reaction force curve indicated a little changes. 4. It Showed that the support time of both feet on the force platform took 0.127 sec, but lack the velocity transfer ability from horizontal velocity at run-up to vertical velocity at take-off.

복합 운동프로그램이 초등학생의 신체구성, 혈중지질 및 체력에 미치는 영향

전종귀,이왕록,박희근,정준현,이영란,신동원,이경숙 충남대학교 체육과학연구소 2006 體育科學硏究誌 Vol.23 No.1

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of combined training on the changes of body composition, blood lipid profile and fitness in elementary school students. Thirty subjects participated in the present study. The subjects were divided into two groups either exercise group for 10weeks(15n) or control group for 10weeks(l5n) The results were described as follows; 1) There were significant differences in the body weight and lean body mass after the exercise program between two groups. 2) There were no significant differences in the blood TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG concentration after the exercise program between two groups. 3) There were significant differences in the sit-up and flexibility after the exercise group between two groups. In conclusion, it might be thought that the combined training improved the levels of body composition and health-related fitness in elementary subjects.

한우 체외수정란의 동결보존 및 핵이식에 관한 연구 : Ⅲ. 융합조건 및 공핵란의 발달단계가 핵이식 수정란의 체외발달에 미치는 영향 Ⅲ. Effects of Fusion System and Developmental Stage of Donor Nuclei on In Vitro Development by NT of Bovine Embryos

정장용,박희성,桑潤滋,離泰娟 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 2000 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.13 No.-

The present study was conducted to improve the efficiency of nuclear transplantation with in vitro produced oocytes and embryos in Korean native cows. The optimal conditions and procedures of in vitro maturation(IVM), in vitro fertilization(IVF), in vitro culture(IVC), electrofusion and nuclear transplantation(NT) of bovine oocytes were evaluated. The optimal condition for electric fusion of injected blastomeres with enucleated oocytes was determined following NT in IVM oocytes. The higher fusion rate was achieved when single DC electricity was applied at the voltage between 1.0kV/cm, for the duration of 30∼60 μ sec to the oocytes aged at 28∼32 hours of IVM. The development in vitro to blastocyst of the fused embryos of 30 μsec, 0.5-1.0 kV/cm(5.7-4.2%) was similar to the result from the 60 μsec, 0.5-1.0ikV/cm(4.8-5.6%), and not significantly different between the electric fields. To improve the productivity of cloned embryos by NT in Korean native cows. The in vitro developmental rate of donor nuclei following NT and fusion was enhanced from 4.6%(8∼6-cell) and 2.7%(32∼64-cell). The number of blastomeres was significantly(P<0.05)reduced in the nuclear transplanted embryos(65.3±4.7), compared with the IVF embryos(112.8±6.2).