China Spallation Neutron Source: Accelerator Design Iterations and R&D Status

J. Wei,C.-D. Deng,C.-H. Wang,C.-T. Shi,H. Sun,H.-F. Ouyang,H.-M. Qu,H.-Y. Dong,J. Li,J. Zhang,J.-S. Cao,J.-Y. Tang,L. Dong,L.-L. Wang,Q. Qin,Q.-B. Wang,S. Wang,S.-N. Fu,S.-X Fang,T. -G. Xu,W. Kang,Y.- 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.50 No.I

The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a high-power, accelerator-based project currently under preparation. The accelerator complex consists of an H$^-$ ion source, an H$^-$ linac, a rapid-cycling proton synchrotron, and the transport lines. During the past year, the design of most accelerator systems went through major iterations, and initial research and developments was started on the prototyping of several key components.

Lower Antibody Response in Chickens Homozygous for the Mx Resistant Allele to Avian Influenza

Qu, L.J.,Li, X.Y.,Xu, G.Y.,Ning, Z.H.,Yang, N. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.4

The chicken Mx gene has been regarded as a candidate gene for resistance to avian influenza virus (AIV). In this study, three groups of chickens with homozygotes (AA, GG) and heterozygotes (AG) of the resistant (A) and susceptible alleles (G) to AIV of the Mx gene were constructed from a line of dwarf egg-type chickens. These chickens were not examined for their resistant activities to AIV because the differential resistance had only been detected in vitro. The birds of the three groups were vaccinated with inactivated H5N2 AIV vaccine and the level of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody to AIV was detected. The association between disease resistant activity to AIV and antibody response to AIV vaccination in the three groups was analyzed. The chickens with homozygous resistant allele A showed the lowest antibody levels, whereas the heterozygous chickens (AG) presented the highest antibody level after the boosting vaccination, which indicates that the efficiency of artificial selection on the resistant allele of Mx gene will be compromised since the homozygotes of the allele presented the weakest antibody response to the corresponding vaccine.

Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Tungsten Heavy Alloys

Islam S.H.,Qu X.H.,Akhtar F.,Feng P.Z.,Hea X.B. 한국분말야금학회 2006 한국분말야금학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.1

The main object of this research was to examine the effect of sintering conditions on the microstructure of tungsten heavy alloys and how the resulting modification of the microstructure can be used to optimize their mechanical properties. Alloys composed of 88%, 93% and 95% wt. of tungsten and the balance is Ni: Fe in the ratio of 7:3 were sintered at different temperatures for different sintering holding times in hydrogen atmosphere. It was shown that the mechanical properties of the alloys, and especially their ductility, are harmed when tungsten grains are contiguous.

One Alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol Improves Growth Performance, Tibia Quality, and Meat Color of Broilers Fed Calcium- and Phosphorus-Deficient Diets

Han, J.C.,Wang, Y.L.,Qu, H.X.,Liang, F.,Zhang, J.L.,Shi, C.X.,Zhang, X.L.,Li, L.,Xie, Q.,Wang, C.L.,Yan, Y.Y.,Dong, X.S.,Cheng, Y.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.2

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of one alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol ($1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$) on growth performance, tibia quality, and skin and meat color in broilers fed calcium (Ca)- and phosphorus (P)-deficient corn-soybean meal diets. A total of 288 male Ross broilers, at 21 days of age, were randomly assigned to three treatments with eight cages per treatment. Three levels of $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ (0, 5, and 10 ${\mu}g$/kg) were added to a basal diet (0.50% Ca, 0.13% non-phytate phosphorus (NPP), and 0.35% total phosphorus (tP)) without vitamin $D_3$. As a result of this study, the addition of $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ increased body weight gain (p<0.001), feed intake (p = 0.007), feed efficiency (p<0.001), tibia weight (p = 0.002), length (p<0.001), breaking-strength (p = 0.012), ash (p<0.001), Ca (p<0.001), and P content (p = 0.004). Dietary $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ enhanced breast meat yellowness (p = 0.015) and the length and weight of the small intestine of the broilers. Moreover, $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ decreased serum Ca concentration (p = 0.074) and breast meat redness (p = 0.010). These results indicate that the $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ improves growth, tibia quality, and meat color in broilers fed Ca- and P-deficient corn-soybean meal diets.

Choice of dispersants for the nano-apatite filler of polylactide-matrix composite biomaterial

C. Deng,J. Weng,Q.Y. Cheng,S.B. Zhou,X. Lu,J.X. Wan,S.X. Qu,B. Feng,X.H. Li 한국물리학회 2007 Current Applied Physics Vol.7 No.6

The aim of this study is to compare de-aggregative ability of common organic dispersants for the acicular nano-apatite crystallite withmain composition of calcium hydroxyapatite (HA) as a ller of composite containing polylactide (PLA) matrix. Firstly, the acicularnano-apatite powders with an average length of 70120 nm were synthesized based on traditional chemical co-precipitation andfreeze-drying techniques. Common organic dispersants including tetrahydrofuran, acetone, chloroform,N,N-dimethyl formamideiments showed that nano-apatite suspension dispersed by DMF and ethanol presented homogeneous and stable colloid after vigorly stir-red for 24 h and then kept still for same time, respectively. Results of particle measurements and viscosity measurement illuminated that alarge number of the nano-apatite particles with an average dimension of 297.86 nm and viscosity of 0.8872 cP in DMF suspension couldbe dispersed up to 91.28 nm by the DMF dispersant and the DMF dispersant could minimize agglomeration between the apatite ultra-furan, acetone and ethanol, when the nano-apatite/PLA composite biomaterials were prepared.

Safety assessment of Generation III nuclear power plant buildings subjected to commercial aircraft crash Part II: Structural damage and vibrations

Qu, Y.G.,Wu, H.,Xu, Z.Y.,Liu, X.,Dong, Z.F.,Fang, Q. Korean Nuclear Society 2020 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.52 No.2

Investigations of the commercial aircraft impact effect on nuclear island infrastructures have been drawing extensive attention, and this paper aims to perform the safety assessment of Generation III nuclear power plant (NPP) buildings subjected to typical commercial aircrafts crash. At present Part II, based on the verified finite element (FE) models of aircrafts Airbus A320 and A380, as well as the NPP containment and auxiliary buildings in Part I of this paper, the whole collision process is reproduced numerically by adopting the coupled missile-target interaction approach with the finite element code LS-DYNA. The impact induced damage of NPP plant under four impact locations of containment (cylinder, air intake, conical roof and PCS water tank) and two impact locations of auxiliary buildings (exterior wall and roof of spent fuel pool room) are evaluated. Furthermore, by considering the inner structures in the containment and raft foundation of NPP, the structural vibration analyses are conducted under two impact locations (middle height of cylinder, main control room in the auxiliary buildings). It indicates that, within the discussed scenarios, NPP structures can withstand the impact of both two aircrafts, while the functionality of internal equipment on higher floors will be affected to some extent under impact induced vibrations, and A380 aircraft will cause more serious structural damage and vibrations than A320 aircraft. The present work can provide helpful references to assess the safety of the structures and inner equipment of NPP plant under commercial aircraft impact.

Effects of azide on electron transport of exoelectrogens in air-cathode microbial fuel cells

Zhou, X.,Qu, Y.,Kim, B.H.,Choo, P.Y.,Liu, J.,Du, Y.,He, W.,Chang, I.S.,Ren, N.,Feng, Y. Elsevier Applied Science 2014 Bioresource technology Vol.169 No.-

The effects of azide on electron transport of exoelectrogens were investigated using air-cathode MFCs. These MFCs enriched with azide at the concentration higher than 0.5mM generated lower current and coulomb efficiency (CE) than the control reactors, but at the concentration lower than 0.2mM MFCs generated higher current and CE. Power density curves showed overshoot at higher azide concentrations, with power and current density decreasing simultaneously. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed that azide at high concentration increased the charge transfer resistance. These analyses might reflect that a part of electrons were consumed by the anode microbial population rather than transferred to the anode. Bacterial population analyses showed azide-enriched anodes were dominated by Deltaproteobacteria compared with the controls. Based on these results it is hypothesized that azide can eliminate the growth of aerobic respiratory bacteria, and at the same time is used as an electron acceptor/sink.

Safety assessment of Generation III nuclear power plant buildings subjected to commercial aircraft crash Part I: FE model establishment and validations

Liu, X.,Wu, H.,Qu, Y.G.,Xu, Z.Y.,Sheng, J.H.,Fang, Q. Korean Nuclear Society 2020 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.52 No.2

Investigations of the commercial aircraft impact effect on nuclear island infrastructures have been drawing extensive attention, and this paper aims to perform the safety assessment of Generation III nuclear power plant (NPP) buildings subjected to typical commercial aircrafts crash. At present Part I, finite element (FE) models establishment and validations for both the aircrafts and NPP buildings are performed. (i) Airbus A320 and A380 aircrafts are selected as the representative medium and large commercial aircrafts, and the corresponding fine FE models including the skin, beam, fuel and etc. are established. By comparing the numerically derived impact force time-histories with the existing published literatures, the rationality of aircrafts models is verified. (ii) Fine FE model of the Chinese Zhejiang Sanao NPP buildings is established, including the detailed structures and reinforcing arrangement of both the containment and auxiliary buildings. (iii) By numerically reproducing the existing 1/7.5 scaled aircraft model impact tests on steel plate reinforced concrete (SC) panels and assessing the impact process and velocity time-history of aircraft model, as well as the damage and the maximum deflection of SC panels, the applicability of the existing three concrete constitutive models (i.e., K&C, Winfrith and CSC) are evaluated and the superiority of Winfrith model for SC panels under deformable missile impact is verified. The present work can provide beneficial reference for the integral aircraft crash analyses and structural damage assessment in the following two parts of this paper.

Safety assessment of generation III nuclear power plant buildings subjected to commercial aircraft crash part III: Engine missile impacting SC plate

Xu, Z.Y.,Wu, H.,Liu, X.,Qu, Y.G.,Li, Z.C.,Fang, Q. Korean Nuclear Society 2020 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.52 No.2

Investigations of the commercial aircraft impact effect on nuclear island infrastructures have been drawing extensive attention, and this paper aims to perform the safety assessment of Generation III nuclear power plant (NPP) buildings subjected to typical commercial aircrafts crash. At present Part III, the local damage of the rigid components of aircraft, e.g., engine and landing gear, impacting the steel concrete (SC) structures of NPP containment is mainly discussed. Two typical SC target panels with the thicknesses of 40 mm and 100 mm, as well as the steel cylindrical projectile with a mass of 2.15 kg and a diameter of 80 mm are fabricated. By using a large-caliber air gas gun, both the projectile penetration and perforation test are conducted, in which the striking velocities were ranged from 96 m/s to 157 m/s. The bulging velocity and the maximal deflection of rear steel plate, as well as penetration depth of projectile are derived, and the local deformation and failure modes of SC panels are assessed experimentally. Then, the commercial finite element program LS-DYNA is utilized to perform the numerical simulations, by comparisons with the experimental and simulated projectile impact process and SC panel damage, the numerical algorithm, constitutive models and the corresponding parameters are verified. The present work can provide helpful references for the evaluation of the local impact resistance of NPP buildings against the aircraft engine.

Evaluation of Relative Bioavailability of 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol to Cholecalciferol for Broiler Chickens

Han, J.C.,Chen, G.H.,Wang, J.G.,Zhang, J.L.,Qu, H.X.,Zhang, C.M.,Yan, Y.F.,Cheng, Y.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.8

This study was conducted to evaluate the relative bioavailability (RBV) of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-$D_3$) to cholecalciferol (vitamin $D_3$) in 1- to 21-d-old broiler chickens fed with calcium (Ca)- and phosphorus (P)-deficient diets. On the day of hatch, 450 female Ross 308 broiler chickens were assigned to nine treatments, with five replicates of ten birds each. The basal diet contained 0.50% Ca and 0.25% non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) and was not supplemented with vitamin D. Vitamin $D_3$ was fed at 0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and $20.0{\mu}g/kg$, and 25-OH-$D_3$ was fed at 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, and $10.0{\mu}g/kg$. The RBV of 25-OH-$D_3$ was determined using vitamin $D_3$ as the standard source by the slope ratio method. Vitamin $D_3$ and 25-OH-$D_3$ intake was used as the independent variable for regression analysis. The linear relationships between the level of vitamin $D_3$ or 25-OH-$D_3$ and body weight gain (BWG) and the weight, length, ash weight, and the percentage of ash, Ca, and P in femur, tibia, and metatarsus of broiler chickens were observed. Using BWG as the criterion, the RBV value of 25-OH-$D_3$ to vitamin $D_3$ was 1.85. Using the mineralization of the femur, tibia, and metatarsus as criteria, the RBV of 25-OH-$D_3$ to vitamin $D_3$ ranged from 1.82 to 2.45, 1.86 to 2.52, and 1.65 to 2.05, respectively. These data indicate that 25-OH-$D_3$ is approximately 2.03 times as active as vitamin $D_3$ in promoting growth performance and bone mineralization in broiler chicken diets.