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PRABHAKARA,C.,NUCCIARONE,J.J.,CADEDDU,MARIA,ARKING,ALBERT,YOO,JUNG-MOON,DALU,G.,MALONEY,STEVEN P. 이화여자대학교 환경문제연구소 1997 이화환경연구 Vol.1 No.-
Using Microwave Sounding Unit(MSU) channel 2 (ch.2, 53.74GHz) data, Spencer and Christy (1992a) determined that the earth exhibits no temperature trend in the period 1979-90, while other author find a temperature increase of roughly 0.1 K. Based on a theoretical analysis Prabhakara et al.(1995) showed that the information about the global atmospheric temperature deduced from MSU Ch2 observations has a small contamination, δT₂as a result of the attenuation due to hydrometeors in the atmosphere. A method is developed in this study, that utilized coincident measurements made by MSU in Ch1(50.3GHz), to estimate this δT₂over the global oceans. The magnitude ofδT₂is found to be about 1K over significant parts of the tropical oceanic rain belts and about 0.25K over minor portions of the mid-latitude oceanic storm tracks. Due to events such as ElNioo, there is variability from year to year in the rain areas and rain intensity leading to significant change in the patterns of δT₂. The patterns of δT₂derived for March 82 and March 83 reveal such a change. When averaged over the global oceans, from 50˚N to 50˚S, δT₂has a value of 0.25 and 0.29K for March 1982 and 1983, respectively. Due to these reasons the interannual temperature change derived by Spencer and Christy from MSU Ch.2 will contain a residual hydrometeor effect. Thus in evaluating decadal trend of the global mean temperature of the order of 0.1 K form MSU Ch2. data one has to take into account completely the contamination due to hydrometeors.
PRABHAKARA,C.,ARKING,ALBERT,YOO,JUNG-MOON,DALU,G.,CADEDDU,MARIA 이화여자대학교 환경문제연구소 1997 이화환경연구 Vol.1 No.-
Observations in channel 1(Ch.1, 50.3GHz) and channel 2(Ch.2, 53.74GHz) of the Microwave Sounding Unit(MSU) over the convective areas of tropical oceans are analysed to reveal the nature of extinction (contamination) in these data. From this analysis we find Ch.2 data are not free from the influence of clouds and rain. Extinction due to clouds and rain manifests primarily as emission in Ch.1, and as absorption in Ch.2. Scattering due to hydrometeors in these channels apparently is of secondary importance. Furthermore we show, in the convective areas of tropical oceans, contamination due to hydrometeors in MSU Ch.2 data is significant and it is extensive in area. Based on this study we conclude Spencer, Christy, and Grody(this issue) underestimate this contamination.
Prabhakara, D.L.,Datta, P.K. Techno-Press 1996 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.4 No.2
The tension and compression buckling behaviour of a square plate with localized zones of damage and subjected to non-uniform loading is studied using a finite element analysis. The influence of parameters such as position of damage, extent of damage, size of damage and position of load on instability behaviour are discussed. The dynamic behaviour for certain load and damage parameters are also presented. It is observed that the presence of damage has a marked effect on the static buckling load and natural frequency of the plate.
Rhythmic Expression of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Activity in Rice
Kudupudi Prabhakara Rao,Gubbala Vani,Kundan Kumar,Alok Krishna Sinha 한국분자세포생물학회 2009 Molecules and cells Vol.28 No.5
Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) are known to get activated during various stress signals and transduce the message from the cell membrane to the nucleus for ap-propriate cellular reorganization. Though, a certain basal activity of MAPK is often observed in the control plants. Prolonged exposure of rice plants to lowered or elevated temperature exhibited a rhythm in the activation of MAPKs. We analyzed existence of a possible endogenous rhythm in the activity of MAPKs in rice plants. The plants growing at constant temperature entrained in 16/8 h day-night cycle showed diurnal rhythm in activity. When the activation of MAPK was tested under continuous conditions by shifting plants to continuous darkness for a period of 72 h, the periodic rhythm persisted and followed a circadian pattern. Analysis of the transcripts of group A, B and C members of MAPKs under above conditions by quantitative real time PCR revealed that the members of group C exhibit periodic rhythm. Our data indicates that the MAP kinase activity in rice follows rhythmic expression in a circadian manner.
Effect of Supplementing Sheep with Sunflower Acid Oil or its Calcium Soap on Nutrient Utilization
Alexander, G.,Rao, Z. Prabhakara,Prasad, J. Rama Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.9
Four adult rams ($22.25{\pm}0.90kg$) were used in a $4{\times}4$ latin square design to evaluate the rations without ($T_1$) or with supplementation of sunflower acid oil at 5 ($T_2$), 10 ($T_3$) or calcium soap at 10% of dietary DM ($T_4$) on nutrient digestibility and balances of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus. The basal ration contained 60 parts Brazilian napier grass hay and 40 parts concentrate mixture. The DM, CF, NDF and ADF digestibilities and nitrogen retention (g/d) decreased (p<0.01) by inclusion of sunflower acid oil at 5% of dietary DM. In addition, depression (p<0.01) in digestibilities of CP, nitrogen free extract (NFE), cellulose, hemicellulose, retention of calcium and phosphorus (g/d) were also observed with increasing the level of sunflower acid oil to 10% of dietary DM. The EE digestibility, total digestible nutrients (TDN) content and calcium retention (g/d) were significantly higher (p<0.01) for ration supplemented with calcium soap. It is concluded that sunflower acid oil supplementation in free form as low as 5% of dietary DM is deleterious to fibre digestion in sheep while as calcium soap, it can be fed up to 10% of dietary DM as an energy source without any adverse effect.
Bacterial Diversity and Composition of an Alkaline Uranium Mine Tailings-Water Interface
Nurul H. Khan,Viorica F. Bondici,Prabhakara G. Medihala,John R. Lawrence,Gideon M. Wolfaardt,Jeff Warner,Darren R. Korber 한국미생물학회 2013 The journal of microbiology Vol.51 No.5
The microbial diversity and biogeochemical potential associated with a northern Saskatchewan uranium mine watertailings interface was examined using culture-dependent and -independent techniques. Morphologically-distinct colonies from uranium mine water-tailings and a reference lake (MC)obtained using selective and non-selective media were selected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and identification, revealing that culturable organisms from the uranium tailings interface were dominated by Firmicutes and Betaproteobacteria;whereas, MC organisms mainly consisted of Bacteroidetes and Gammaproteobacteria. Ion Torrent (IT) 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis carried out on extracted DNA from tailings and MC interfaces demonstrated the dominance of Firmicutes in both of the systems. Overall, the tailings-water interface environment harbored a distinct bacterial community relative to the MC, reflective of the ambient conditions (i.e., total dissolved solids, pH, salinity, conductivity,heavy metals) dominating the uranium tailings system. Significant correlations among the physicochemical data and the major bacterial groups present in the tailings and MC were also observed. Presence of sulfate reducing bacteria demonstrated by culture-dependent analyses and the dominance of Desulfosporosinus spp. indicated by Ion Torrent analyses within the tailings-water interface suggests the existence of anaerobic microenvironments along with the potential for reductive metabolic processes.
Global warming deduced from MSU
Iacovazzi,R,Yoo,J-M,Prabhakara,C,Dalu,G 이화여자대학교 환경문제연구소 1998 이화환경연구 Vol.2 No.-
Microwave Sounding Unit(MSU) radiometer abservations in Channel 2(53.74GHz) male from sequential, sun-synchronous, polar-orbiting NOAA operational satellites have been used to derive global temperature trend for the period 1980 to 1996. Christy et al. (1998) emphasize that they find a tropospheric cooling trend (-0.046 K decade()) from 1979 to 1997 with these MSU data, although their analysis of near radir measurements yields a near zero trend (0.003K decade()). Using an independent method to analyze the MSU Ch2 nadir data separately over global ocean and land, we infer that the temperature trends over both these regions are about 0.11K decade(), during the period 1980 to 1996. This result is in better agreement with trend analyses based on conventional surface data.
Effective Anomaly Identification in Surveillance Videos Based on Adaptive Recurrent Neural Network
Arul U.,Arun V.,Rao T. Prabhakara,Baskaran R.,Kirubakaran S.,Hussan M. I. Thariq 대한전기학회 2024 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.19 No.3
Surveillance systems completed in true environment are of a solid nature. As the environment is uncertain and variable, care gradually becomes confusing when moving away from a stable and controlled environment. Evidence to distinguish stressful abnormalities in video surveillance is a problematic issue due to leakage, video screaming, contradictions and motives. Hence, in this paper, adaptive recurrent neural network is developed for anomaly detection from the videos. The projected technique is a combination of recurrent neural network and crystal structure algorithm. In the anomality detection, the video should be changed into frames. After that, the images should be enhanced for improving image quality. Once, the image quality is enhanced, the image background should be eliminated for achieving object detection. In the proposed technique, the region of interest is utilized to attain the object detection step in the images. The detected object images are used to tracking the object in the images by using the proposed classifer. To enhance the object tracking system, the feature extraction is a required topic in the system. Maximally stable extremal regions is used to extract the required features from the images. Finally, the proposed classifer is utilized to achieve anomaly detection based on object movement in the input images. The projected strategy is implemented and evaluated by performance metrices. It is contrasted with conventional techniques such as convolutional neural network-particle swarm optimization (CNN-PSO) and CNN respectively.