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PRABHAKARA,C.,ARKING,ALBERT,YOO,JUNG-MOON,DALU,G.,CADEDDU,MARIA 이화여자대학교 환경문제연구소 1997 이화환경연구 Vol.1 No.-
Observations in channel 1(Ch.1, 50.3GHz) and channel 2(Ch.2, 53.74GHz) of the Microwave Sounding Unit(MSU) over the convective areas of tropical oceans are analysed to reveal the nature of extinction (contamination) in these data. From this analysis we find Ch.2 data are not free from the influence of clouds and rain. Extinction due to clouds and rain manifests primarily as emission in Ch.1, and as absorption in Ch.2. Scattering due to hydrometeors in these channels apparently is of secondary importance. Furthermore we show, in the convective areas of tropical oceans, contamination due to hydrometeors in MSU Ch.2 data is significant and it is extensive in area. Based on this study we conclude Spencer, Christy, and Grody(this issue) underestimate this contamination.
PRABHAKARA,C.,NUCCIARONE,J.J.,CADEDDU,MARIA,ARKING,ALBERT,YOO,JUNG-MOON,DALU,G.,MALONEY,STEVEN P. 이화여자대학교 환경문제연구소 1997 이화환경연구 Vol.1 No.-
Using Microwave Sounding Unit(MSU) channel 2 (ch.2, 53.74GHz) data, Spencer and Christy (1992a) determined that the earth exhibits no temperature trend in the period 1979-90, while other author find a temperature increase of roughly 0.1 K. Based on a theoretical analysis Prabhakara et al.(1995) showed that the information about the global atmospheric temperature deduced from MSU Ch2 observations has a small contamination, δT₂as a result of the attenuation due to hydrometeors in the atmosphere. A method is developed in this study, that utilized coincident measurements made by MSU in Ch1(50.3GHz), to estimate this δT₂over the global oceans. The magnitude ofδT₂is found to be about 1K over significant parts of the tropical oceanic rain belts and about 0.25K over minor portions of the mid-latitude oceanic storm tracks. Due to events such as ElNioo, there is variability from year to year in the rain areas and rain intensity leading to significant change in the patterns of δT₂. The patterns of δT₂derived for March 82 and March 83 reveal such a change. When averaged over the global oceans, from 50˚N to 50˚S, δT₂has a value of 0.25 and 0.29K for March 1982 and 1983, respectively. Due to these reasons the interannual temperature change derived by Spencer and Christy from MSU Ch.2 will contain a residual hydrometeor effect. Thus in evaluating decadal trend of the global mean temperature of the order of 0.1 K form MSU Ch2. data one has to take into account completely the contamination due to hydrometeors.
Global warming deduced from MSU
Iacovazzi,R,Yoo,J-M,Prabhakara,C,Dalu,G 이화여자대학교 환경문제연구소 1998 이화환경연구 Vol.2 No.-
Microwave Sounding Unit(MSU) radiometer abservations in Channel 2(53.74GHz) male from sequential, sun-synchronous, polar-orbiting NOAA operational satellites have been used to derive global temperature trend for the period 1980 to 1996. Christy et al. (1998) emphasize that they find a tropospheric cooling trend (-0.046 K decade()) from 1979 to 1997 with these MSU data, although their analysis of near radir measurements yields a near zero trend (0.003K decade()). Using an independent method to analyze the MSU Ch2 nadir data separately over global ocean and land, we infer that the temperature trends over both these regions are about 0.11K decade(), during the period 1980 to 1996. This result is in better agreement with trend analyses based on conventional surface data.
M. Vinuth,H. S. Bhojya Naik,M. M. Mahadevaswamy,M. C. Prabhakara 한국의류학회 2017 Fashion and Textiles Vol.4 No.1
Herein we have explored the highly efficient and environmentally benign clay mineral, Fe(III)–montmorillonite [Fe(III)–Mt], for adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution under ambient conditions. The Fe(III)–Mt was interacted with MB dye solution at different pH, temperature and solid-to-liquid ratio. The concentration of MB dye removal was estimated from its optical density at λmax = 665 nm using UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The MB dye removal was rapid at basic pH and increases with temperature up to 40 °C. A complete reduction (100%) was occurred in about 7 min at pH 7 and 10 while at pH 3 in about 10 min. The time taken for complete reduction at 0, 30 and 40 °C are 10, 7 and 5 min respectively. The removal followed by adsorption of dye molecules on the spent clay mineral was evident from FESEM/EDX analysis. More importantly, Fe(III)–Mt could be separated and retrieved easily after the reaction by centrifugation from the degraded MB dye solution. The experimental results of MB dye removal from Fe(III)–Mt follows the pseudo first order kinetics. This study reveals that Fe(III)–Mt has the potential to be used as reductant/adsorbant to remove cationic pollutants effectively and rapidly from drinking water and large scale of industrial wastewater.