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( R K Thapa ),( R Baskaran ),( T Madheswaran ),( J O Kim ),( C S Yong ),( B K Yoo ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2013 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.23 No.0
The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of different ratios of monoolein and oleic aciad on in vitro release and ski permeation of tacrolimus from monoolein-based liquid crystalline nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were prepared by sonicating a mixture of melted monoolein, poloxamer 407, oleic acid and tacrolimus to which distilled water was added. Formation of cubosomes and hexosomes was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and optical microscopy, and average particle size of the formulations was about 150-200 nm. The encapsulation effeciency for tacrolims in all the formulations was > 99%. In vitro retro release of the drug was proportionally reduced by the amount of monoolein used. Addition of oleic acid further reduced the tacrolimus release. The skin permeation was also in agreement with the vitro release. This study provides a strategy to control the release and skin permeation of tacrolimus from nanoparticles, thus expanding the area of tacrolimus usage.
Effect of saturated fatty acids on tacrolimus-loaded liquid crystalline nanoparticles
( R K Thapa ),( R Baskaran ),( T Madheswaran ),( J Y Rhyu ),( J O Kim ),( C S Yong ),( B K Yoo ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2013 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.23 No.0
Liquid crystalline nanoparticles are unique structures that can be used in the delivery of a wide range of pharmaceutical actives. Herein, we studied the effect of saturated fatty acids on tacrolimus-loaded monoolein liquid crystalline nanoparticles stabilized with poloxamer 407, Char-acterization of nanoparticles included optical and transmission electron microscopy, particle size, and entrapment efficiency analysis. Microscope data suggested the formation of cubosomes for monoolein dispersions, and of hexosomes for monoolein-fatty caid systems. Entrapment efficiency of tacrolimus was as high as 99% or above. In vitro release study revealed that amount of monoolein and carbon chain lengths of the fatty acid were the factors that affected drug release from the liquid crystalline nanoparticles. Notably, monoolein-fatty acid systems prepared with short chain length, such as lauric and myristic acid, showed markedly sustained release profile of the drug. Hence, appropriate selection of fatty acid can be exploited to achieve desired release profile from monooloein liquid crystalline nanoparticles.
Modeling and Filter Design through Analysis of Conducted EMI in Switching Power Converters
R. Vimala,K. Baskaran,K. R. Aravind Britto 전력전자학회 2012 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.12 No.4
This paper presents a filter analysis of conducted Electro-Magnetic Interference (EMI) in switching power converters (SPC) based on noise impedances. The EMI characteristics of SPC can be analytically deduced from a circuit theoretical viewpoint. The analytical noise model is investigated to get a full understanding of the EMI mechanism. It is shown that with suitable and justified model, filters pertinent to EMI noise is investigated. The EMI noise is identified by time domain measurements associated with an isolated half-bridge ac?dc converter. Practical filters like LC filter, π filter and complete EMI filters are investigated. The proposed analysis and results can provide a guideline for improving the effectiveness of filtering schemes in SPC. Experimental results are also included to verify the validity of the proposed method. The results obtained satisfy the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) class A and class B regulations.
Modeling and Filter Design through Analysis of Conducted EMI in Switching Power Converters
Vimala, R.,Baskaran, K.,Aravind Britto, K.R. The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2012 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.12 No.4
This paper presents a filter analysis of conducted Electro-Magnetic Interference (EMI) in switching power converters (SPC) based on noise impedances. The EMI characteristics of SPC can be analytically deduced from a circuit theoretical viewpoint. The analytical noise model is investigated to get a full understanding of the EMI mechanism. It is shown that with suitable and justified model, filters pertinent to EMI noise is investigated. The EMI noise is identified by time domain measurements associated with an isolated half-bridge ac-dc converter. Practical filters like LC filter, ${\pi}$ filter and complete EMI filters are investigated. The proposed analysis and results can provide a guideline for improving the effectiveness of filtering schemes in SPC. Experimental results are also included to verify the validity of the proposed method. The results obtained satisfy the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) class A and class B regulations.
R. Jayabalan,S. Baskaran,S. Marimuthu,K. Swaminathan,S. E. Yun 한국응용생명화학회 2010 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.53 No.4
Kombucha tea is sugared black tea fermented with a consortium of bacteria and yeasts which forms tea fungus (Medusomyces gisevii) for 14 days. Kombucha tea is claimed to have various beneficial effects on human health but very less scientific evidences are
( R. Jayabalan ),( S. Baskaran ),( S. Marimuthu ),( K. Swaminathan ),( S. E. Yun ) 한국응용생명화학회 2010 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.53 No.4
Kombucha tea is sugared black tea fermented with a consortium of bacteria and yeasts which forms tea fungus (Medusomyces gisevii) for 14 days. Kombucha tea is claimed to have various beneficial effects on human health but very less scientific evidences are available in the literature. In the present study, the prophylactic and curative effect of black tea (unfermented black tea) and kombucha black tea (KBT) on aflatoxin B1 induced liver damage was studied in male albino rats by analyzing hepatotoxicity markers (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gammaglutamyl transpeptidase), lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione and antioxidant enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase and superoxide dismutase). Histopathological analysis of liver tissue was also carried out. Results revealed that kombucha tea is more potent in preventing hepatotoxicity than unfermented black tea. The mechanism of hepatoprotection offered by KBT treatment may involve the facilitation of both antioxidant and detoxification processes in the liver.
Implementation of a Fuzzy PI Controller for Speed Control of Induction Motors Using FPGA
R. Arulmozhiyal,K. Baskaran 전력전자학회 2010 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.10 No.1
This paper presents the design and implementation of voltage source inverter type SVPWM based speed control of an induction motor using a fuzzy PI controller. This scheme enables us to adjust the speed of the motor by controlling the frequency and amplitude of the stator voltage; the ratio of the stator voltage to the frequency should be kept constant. A model of the fuzzy control system is implemented in real time with a Xilinx FPGA XC3S 400E. It is introduced to maintain a constant speed to when the load varies.
Implementation of a Fuzzy PI Controller for Speed Control of Induction Motors Using FPGA
Arulmozhiyaly, R.,Baskaran, K. The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2010 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.10 No.1
This paper presents the design and implementation of voltage source inverter type SVPWM based speed control of an induction motor using a fuzzy PI controller. This scheme enables us to adjust the speed of the motor by controlling the frequency and amplitude of the stator voltage; the ratio of the stator voltage to the frequency should be kept constant. A model of the fuzzy control system is implemented in real time with a Xilinx FPGA XC3S 400E. It is introduced to maintain a constant speed to when the load varies.
Jayabalan, R.,Baskaran, S.,Marimuthu, S.,Swaminathan, K.,Yun, S.E. The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2010 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.53 No.4
Kombucha tea is sugared black tea fermented with a consortium of bacteria and yeasts which forms tea fungus (Medusomyces gisevii) for 14 days. Kombucha tea is claimed to have various beneficial effects on human health but very less scientific evidences are available in the literature. In the present study, the prophylactic and curative effect of black tea (unfermented black tea) and kombucha black tea (KBT) on aflatoxin $B_1$ induced liver damage was studied in male albino rats by analyzing hepatotoxicity markers (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gammaglutamyl transpeptidase), lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione and antioxidant enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase and superoxide dismutase). Histopathological analysis of liver tissue was also carried out. Results revealed that kombucha tea is more potent in preventing hepatotoxicity than unfermented black tea. The mechanism of hepatoprotection offered by KBT treatment may involve the facilitation of both antioxidant and detoxification processes in the liver.
Karrthik, R.S.,Baskaran, S.,Raghunath, M. Techno-Press 2019 Advances in computational design Vol.4 No.4
Multiple Inputs and Multiple Outputs (MIMO) Fuzzy logic model is developed to predict the engine performance and emission characteristics of pongamia pinnata biodiesel with hydrogen injection. Engine performance and emission characteristics such as brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and nitrous oxides ($NO_X$) were considered. Experimental investigations were carried out by using four stroke single cylinder constant speed compression ignition engine with the rated power of 5.2 kW at variable load conditions. The performance and emission characteristics are measured using an Exhaust gas analyzer, smoke meter, piezoelectric pressure transducer and crank angle encoder for different fuel blends (Diesel, B10, B20 and B30) and engine load conditions. Fuzzy logic model uses triangular and trapezoidal membership function because of its higher predictive accuracy to predict the engine performance and emission characteristics. Computational results clearly demonstrate that, the proposed fuzzy model has produced fewer deviations and has exhibited higher predictive accuracy with acceptable determination correlation coefficients of 0.99136 to 1 with experimental values. The developed fuzzy logic model has produced good correlation between the fuzzy predicted and experimental values. So it is found to be useful for predicting the engine performance and emission characteristics with limited number of available data.