http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
朴奉奎,李仁淑,崔炯善 梨花女子大學校 韓國生活科學硏究院 1983 韓國生活科學硏究院 論叢 Vol.32 No.-
본 연구는 1982년 5월부터 9월까지 서울특별시를 2×2㎞로 mesh analysis하여 pH, 산성도, 전기전도도를 측정하여 강우에 의한 대기오염현황을 조사한 것이다. 조사지 97지역중 63% 61지역이 산성강우현상을 나타내고 있었고 특히 오염이 심한 지역에서 가용성 염류의 량이 많은 것으로 나타나, 가용성 염류의 량과 수소이온농도와의 밀접한 상관관계를 밝힐 수 있었다. Over the last several decade rain in the world has become more acidic presumably as a result of anthropogenic inputs of SOx and NOx to the atmosphere and their conversion to H_2SO_4 and HNO_3. Generally, precipitation in equilibrium with the carbon dioxide normally present in the atmosphere has an caidity on the pH scale 5.7. Therefore, polluted areas were determined by concentric difference of free H^+ ions in each site and those, in which pH is lower than 5.7, were considered polluted areas. The highest concentric site of free H^+ ions was considered the most polluted area, which also showed the highest conductivity. There were close relationships between quantity of soluble salts and concentration of H^+ ions. When the concentration of free H^+ ions were same in the polluted areas, the more polluted areas were determined by comparison of concentric difference of total H^+ ions of the sites. The higher the concentration of total H^+ ions, the more polluted areas. The results suggest that 73% (61 sites) of the 97 sites in Seoul were polluted areas.
제7차 중학교 국어 교과서에 반영된 교육 이념에 대한 연구 : 중학교 1학년 국어ㆍ생활국어 내용을 중심으로
박희숙,박형우 한국교원대학교 한국어문교육연구소 2002 한국어문교육 Vol.11 No.-
이 논문에서는 제7차 국어과 중학교 1학년 교과서에 나타난 교육 이념에 대하여 살펴 보았다. 교육기본법과 제7차 교육과정, 그리고 초ㆍ중ㆍ고 1종도서 편찬 추진 계획을 중심으로 교육 이념 및 가치를 선정하고, 이것을 중심으로 중학교 1학년 교과서의 내용을 검토했다. 그 결과 중학교 1학년 국어과 교과서에는 여러 가지 내용 중에서 '인성 교육'과 관련된 내용의 글이 가장 많이 실려 있으며, 그 다음으로는 '자기 발견', '환경 교육', '민주 시민 교육', '민족 정체성 교육'의 순으로 관련된 글이 많은 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또한 검토 과정을 거쳐 선정된 교육 이념 및 가치 중에서 '국어 문화'에 관한 내용 검증을 위해 교육과정의 목표와 교과서의 내용을 검토한 결과 몇몇 경우를 제외하고는 모두 충실하게 교과서에 반영되어 있는 것으로 나타났으며, '언어 사용 기능의 통합 활동'이라는 측면에서 보면 이번 국어과 교과서는 각 영역에 모두 1개 이상의 통합 단원이 있고, '문학'과 '국어지식' 영역도 '언어 사용 기능'영역과 통합된 단원이 있다. 다만 '읽기-쓰기', '쓰기-듣기'간의 통합 단원이 없는데 특히 '읽기'와 다른 언어 기능 영역의 통합 단원이 없는 것은 교과서 편제의 특징에 그 원인이 있는 것으로 보인다.
장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4
Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.
Hyun Sook Kim,Jae Hyeong Park,Seoung Ju Park,Jong Kwan Park,Heung Bum Lee 대한내과학회 2007 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.22 No.1
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is incurable and it has an unpredictable survival rate. Two men who suffered from COPD presented with progressive dyspnea and edema, respectively. PAH, as estimated by the peak velocity of tricuspidal regurgitation, and the depressed myocardial performance index (MPI) of the right ventricle (RV) were noted on echocardiography. In addition to the baseline therapy for their depressed ventilatory function, we prescribed tadalafil 10 mg orally every other day for 2 weeks and then we doubled the dosage. They well tolerated the medication without any notable side effects. After 4 weeks of tadalafil treatment, the patients` pulmonary arterial pressure was decreased and the MPI of the RV was improved in both. The exercise capacity, as measured by the respiratory oxygen uptake, also improved from 10.9 mL/kg/min to 13.8 mL/kg/min in one patient. We report here on 2 patients with PAH secondary to COPD, and they showed notable improvement of their pulmonary hemodynamics and exercise capacity with the administration of tadalafil.
박형숙 ( Hyeong Sook Park ),배영실 ( Young Sil Bae ),이성화 ( Sung Hwa Lee ),유수정 ( Su Jeong Yu ),전소영 ( So Young Jeon ) 여성건강간호학회 2016 여성건강간호학회지 Vol.22 No.1
Purpose: Today, an increasing number of divorce is shifting family forms and gender role practices. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand life`s experiences of middle-aged divorced women with higher education and profession lives in Korea. Methods: For this study, 6 middle-aged divorced women with similar backgrounds were recruited from December 2013 to June 2014, using in-depth individual interviews. Data analysis was performed using Giorgi`s phenomenological methodology. Results: Individual interviews revealed the following 15 meaning of themes and 5 themes. 1) A woman considering herself to be ashamed that she has not lived an ordinary life. 2) The destiny of a woman not having a fortune. 3) An exhilarated mood like a teenage girl`s 4) Suppressing an instinctive desire of sex. 5) Being a mother as a woman head of household. Conclusion: This study provides deep understanding of middle-aged divorced women with higher levels of education and professional lives of women who experienced difficult times and overcame their problems. Based on the results of this study, nursing strategies for enhancing quality of life need to be created and implemented for all professional women by Korean community networking gradually.