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Pollack, Samuela,Igo Jr., Robert P.,Jensen, Richard A.,Christiansen, Mark,Li, Xiaohui,Cheng, Ching-Yu,Ng, Maggie C.Y.,Smith, Albert V.,Rossin, Elizabeth J.,Segrè,, Ayellet V.,Davoudi, Samaneh,Ta American Diabetes Association 2019 Diabetes Vol.68 No.2
<P>To identify genetic variants associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR), we performed a large multiethnic genome-wide association study. Discovery included eight European cohorts (<I>n</I> = 3,246) and seven African American cohorts (<I>n</I> = 2,611). We meta-analyzed across cohorts using inverse-variance weighting, with and without liability threshold modeling of glycemic control and duration of diabetes. Variants with a <I>P</I> value <1 × 10<SUP>−5</SUP> were investigated in replication cohorts that included 18,545 European, 16,453 Asian, and 2,710 Hispanic subjects. After correction for multiple testing, the C allele of rs142293996 in an intron of nuclear VCP-like (<I>NVL</I>) was associated with DR in European discovery cohorts (<I>P</I> = 2.1 × 10<SUP>−9</SUP>), but did not reach genome-wide significance after meta-analysis with replication cohorts. We applied the Disease Association Protein-Protein Link Evaluator (DAPPLE) to our discovery results to test for evidence of risk being spread across underlying molecular pathways. One protein–protein interaction network built from genes in regions associated with proliferative DR was found to have significant connectivity (<I>P</I> = 0.0009) and corroborated with gene set enrichment analyses. These findings suggest that genetic variation in <I>NVL,</I> as well as variation within a protein–protein interaction network that includes genes implicated in inflammation, may influence risk for DR.</P>
Evaluating C-RAN Fronthaul Functional Splits in Terms of Network Level Energy and Cost Savings
Checko, Aleksandra,Avramova, Andrijana P.,Berger, Michael S.,Christiansen, Henrik L. The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2016 Journal of communications and networks Vol.18 No.2
The placement of the complete baseband processing in a centralized pool results in high data rate requirement and inflexibility of the fronthaul network, which challenges the energy and cost effectiveness of the cloud radio access network (C-RAN). Recently, redesign of the C-RAN through functional split in the baseband processing chain has been proposed to overcome these challenges. This paper evaluates, by mathematical and simulation methods, different splits with respect to network level energy and cost efficiency having in the mind the expected quality of service. The proposed mathematical model quantifies the multiplexing gains and the trade-offs between centralization and decentralization concerning the cost of the pool, fronthaul network capacity and resource utilization. The event-based simulation captures the influence of the traffic load dynamics and traffic type variation on designing an efficient fronthaul network. Based on the obtained results, we derive a principle for fronthaul dimensioning based on the traffic profile. This principle allows for efficient radio access network with respect to multiplexing gains while achieving the expected users' quality of service.
Evaluating C-RAN Fronthaul Functional Splits in Terms of Network Level Energy and Cost Savings
Aleksandra Checko,Andrijana P. Avramova,Michael S. Berger,Henrik L. Christiansen 한국통신학회 2016 Journal of communications and networks Vol.18 No.2
The placement of the complete baseband processing in acentralized pool results in high data rate requirement and inflexibilityof the fronthaul network, which challenges the energy andcost effectiveness of the cloud radio access network (C-RAN). Recently,redesign of the C-RAN through functional split in thebaseband processing chain has been proposed to overcome thesechallenges. This paper evaluates, by mathematical and simulationmethods, different splits with respect to network level energy andcost efficiency having in the mind the expected quality of service. The proposed mathematical model quantifies the multiplexinggains and the trade-offs between centralization and decentralizationconcerning the cost of the pool, fronthaul network capacityand resource utilization. The event-based simulation captures theinfluence of the traffic load dynamics and traffic type variation ondesigning an efficient fronthaul network. Based on the obtained results, we derive a principle for fronthauldimensioning based on the traffic profile. This principle allows forefficient radio access network with respect to multiplexing gainswhile achieving the expected users’ quality of service.
The BRAHMS Experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
Y. K. Lee,I. G. Bearden,D. Beavis,C. Besliu,Y. Blyakhman,J. Brzychczyk,B. Budick,H. Bggild,C. Chasman,C. H. Christensen,P. Christiansen,J. Cibor,R. Debbe,E. Enger,J. J. Gaardhje,K. Grotowski,K. Hagel 한국물리학회 2003 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.43 No.I
The BRAHMS probes the hot and dense nuclear matter at the RHIC which has reached its design energy of psNN = 200 GeV for Au + Au collisions. The BRAHMS uses magnetic spectrometers for hadrons covering a large phase space 0 < y < 4 with good particle identification and momentum resolution. A comprehensive investigation of multiplicity distributions of emitted charged particles is carried out. Ratios of yields of antiparticles to particles are also measured as a function of rapidity. Rapidity dependent net-proton yield indicates that substantial transparency has been achieved in these collisions. Transverse momentum spectra of charged hadrons are measured up to 5 GeV/c which indicates a significant medium eect when compared to nucleon + nucleon reference spectra.