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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Michael S. Berger (검색결과 3 건)
- 무료
- 기관 내 무료
- 유료
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Evaluating C-RAN Fronthaul Functional Splits in Terms of Network Level Energy and Cost Savings
Checko, Aleksandra,Avramova, Andrijana P.,Berger, Michael S.,Christiansen, Henrik L. The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2016 Journal of communications and networks Vol.18 No.2
The placement of the complete baseband processing in a centralized pool results in high data rate requirement and inflexibility of the fronthaul network, which challenges the energy and cost effectiveness of the cloud radio access network (C-RAN). Recently, redesign of the C-RAN through functional split in the baseband processing chain has been proposed to overcome these challenges. This paper evaluates, by mathematical and simulation methods, different splits with respect to network level energy and cost efficiency having in the mind the expected quality of service. The proposed mathematical model quantifies the multiplexing gains and the trade-offs between centralization and decentralization concerning the cost of the pool, fronthaul network capacity and resource utilization. The event-based simulation captures the influence of the traffic load dynamics and traffic type variation on designing an efficient fronthaul network. Based on the obtained results, we derive a principle for fronthaul dimensioning based on the traffic profile. This principle allows for efficient radio access network with respect to multiplexing gains while achieving the expected users' quality of service.
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Evaluating C-RAN Fronthaul Functional Splits in Terms of Network Level Energy and Cost Savings
Aleksandra Checko,Andrijana P. Avramova,Michael S. Berger,Henrik L. Christiansen 한국통신학회 2016 Journal of communications and networks Vol.18 No.2
The placement of the complete baseband processing in acentralized pool results in high data rate requirement and inflexibilityof the fronthaul network, which challenges the energy andcost effectiveness of the cloud radio access network (C-RAN). Recently,redesign of the C-RAN through functional split in thebaseband processing chain has been proposed to overcome thesechallenges. This paper evaluates, by mathematical and simulationmethods, different splits with respect to network level energy andcost efficiency having in the mind the expected quality of service. The proposed mathematical model quantifies the multiplexinggains and the trade-offs between centralization and decentralizationconcerning the cost of the pool, fronthaul network capacityand resource utilization. The event-based simulation captures theinfluence of the traffic load dynamics and traffic type variation ondesigning an efficient fronthaul network. Based on the obtained results, we derive a principle for fronthauldimensioning based on the traffic profile. This principle allows forefficient radio access network with respect to multiplexing gainswhile achieving the expected users’ quality of service.
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Susceptibility of amphibians to chytridiomycosis is associated with MHC class II conformation
Bataille, Arnaud,Cashins, Scott D.,Grogan, Laura,Skerratt, Lee F.,Hunter, David,McFadden, Michael,Scheele, Benjamin,Brannelly, Laura A.,Macris, Amy,Harlow, Peter S.,Bell, Sara,Berger, Lee,Waldman, Bru The Royal Society 2015 Proceedings, Biological sciences Vol.282 No.1805
<P>The pathogenic chytrid fungus <I>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</I> (Bd) can cause precipitous population declines in its amphibian hosts. Responses of individuals to infection vary greatly with the capacity of their immune system to respond to the pathogen. We used a combination of comparative and experimental approaches to identify major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) alleles encoding molecules that foster the survival of Bd-infected amphibians. We found that Bd-resistant amphibians across four continents share common amino acids in three binding pockets of the MHC-II antigen-binding groove. Moreover, strong signals of selection acting on these specific sites were evident among all species co-existing with the pathogen. In the laboratory, we experimentally inoculated Australian tree frogs with Bd to test how each binding pocket conformation influences disease resistance. Only the conformation of MHC-II pocket 9 of surviving subjects matched those of Bd-resistant species. This MHC-II conformation thus may determine amphibian resistance to Bd, although other MHC-II binding pockets also may contribute to resistance. Rescuing amphibian biodiversity will depend on our understanding of amphibian immune defence mechanisms against Bd. The identification of adaptive genetic markers for Bd resistance represents an important step forward towards that goal.</P>
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