The Association between Economic Status and Depressive Symptoms: An Individual and Community Level Approach

Sun-Jin Jo,임현우,Myeong Hee Bang,Mi Ok Lee,전태연,Jin-Sook Choi,Myung-Soo Lee,이원철,박용문 대한신경정신의학회 2011 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.8 No.3

Objective The study was conducted to investigate the association between economic status and depressive symptoms by comparing the prevalence rates of depressive symptoms at community level and analyzing the possibility of depressive symptoms at individual level. Methods A survey was conducted from November, 2006 to November, 2007 on 966 and 992 representative subjects recruited by stratified clustered sampling in two regions located in Seoul. We used a standardized questionnaire including the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression and questions on the socioeconomic characteristics. The adjusted prevalence rates of depressive symptoms were compared at community level, and multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between depressive symptoms and economic statuses at individual level among each region. Results The adjusted prevalence of depressive symptoms was higher in the region with a high socioeconomic status (23.1%) than in the region with a lower economic status (16.6%)(p<0.001). However, logistic regression analysis of individual level revealed that a higher economic status was significantly associated with a lower possibility of depressive symptoms among the females in the low economic status region. This tendency was not observed among the males in both of the regions. Conclusion The association between economic status and depressive symptoms was found to be different when it was approached at community level or individual level. In addition, the association of two variables was different by gender at individual level. Further studies that consider the third mediators are needed to determine the association between the two variables. Objective The study was conducted to investigate the association between economic status and depressive symptoms by comparing the prevalence rates of depressive symptoms at community level and analyzing the possibility of depressive symptoms at individual level. Methods A survey was conducted from November, 2006 to November, 2007 on 966 and 992 representative subjects recruited by stratified clustered sampling in two regions located in Seoul. We used a standardized questionnaire including the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression and questions on the socioeconomic characteristics. The adjusted prevalence rates of depressive symptoms were compared at community level, and multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between depressive symptoms and economic statuses at individual level among each region. Results The adjusted prevalence of depressive symptoms was higher in the region with a high socioeconomic status (23.1%) than in the region with a lower economic status (16.6%)(p<0.001). However, logistic regression analysis of individual level revealed that a higher economic status was significantly associated with a lower possibility of depressive symptoms among the females in the low economic status region. This tendency was not observed among the males in both of the regions. Conclusion The association between economic status and depressive symptoms was found to be different when it was approached at community level or individual level. In addition, the association of two variables was different by gender at individual level. Further studies that consider the third mediators are needed to determine the association between the two variables.

Comparison of Some Properties of Alkaline Phosphatase from Pekin Duck

Bang, Ok Sun,Kang, Shin-Sung 慶北大學校 自然科學大學 1985 自然科學論文集 Vol.3 No.-

집오리의 腎臟, 肝 및 腸粘膜 alkaline phosphatase(ALP)의 특성들을 比較 分析하여 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. Alkaline acrylamide gel 電氣泳動時 이동속도는 세 isozyme이 유사했으나, SDS-PAGE에서는 신장 효소가 간 및 장점낙효소보다 빨랐으므로, 세가지 효소는 유사한 化學的 構成을 하지만, 分子의 크기는 신장 ALP가 가장 큼을 알았다. p-Nitrophenyl phosphate를 기질로 하였을 때 간, 장점막 및 신장 ALP의 最適 pH는 各各 9.0, 9.0∼9.4 및 9.4∼10.0이었고, 熱安定性은 신장효소가 가장 낮았다. Mg^2+은 간, 신장, 장점막 ALP의 順으로 크게 효소활성을 증가시켰고, Ca^2+은 세 효소활성에 거의 影響을 주지 않았으며, Zn^2+은 신장효소에 대해 가장 沮害效果가 컸다. Phosphate이온은 세 효소에 대해 competitive 저해작용을 보였고, L-phenylalanine은 장점막 ALP에 대해 강력한 uncompetitive 阻害劑로 作用하였다.

Proteomic analysis of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) following exposure to salt stress

Sun Tae Kim,Dong-Won Bae,이경희,황정은,Kyong-Hwan Bang,Young-Chang Kim,Ok-Tae Kim,Nam Hee Yoo,강규영,Dong Yun Hyun,임채오 한국식물생명공학회 2008 식물생명공학회지 Vol.35 No.3

We evaluated the response to salt stress of two different ginseng lines, STG3134 and STG3159, which are sensitive and tolerant, respectively, to salt treatment. Plants were exposed to a 5 dS/m salt solution, and chlorophyll fluorescence was measured. STG3134 ginseng was more sensitive than STG3159 to salt stress. To characterize the cellular response to salt stress in the two different lines, changes in protein expression were investigated using a proteomic approach. Total protein was extracted from detached salt-treated leaves of STG3134 and STG3159 ginseng, and then separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Approximately 468 protein spots were detected by 2-DE and Coommassie brilliant blue staining. Twenty-two proteins were found to be reproducibly up- or down-regulated in response to salt stress. Among these proteins, twelve were identified using MALDI-TOF MS and ESI-Q-TOF and classified into several functional groups: photosynthesis-related proteins (oxygen-evolving enhancer proteins 1 and 2, rubisco and rubisco activase), detoxification proteins (polyphenol oxidase) and defense proteins (β-1,3-glucanase, ribonuclease- like storage protein, and isoflavone reductase-like protein). The protein levels of ribonuclease-like storage protein, which was highly induced in STG3159 ginseng as compared to STG3134, correlated tightly with mRNA transcript levels, as assessed by reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR. Our results indicate that salinity induces changes in the expression levels of specific proteins in the leaves of ginseng plants. These changes may, in turn, play a role in plant adaptation to saline conditions.

단핵구 분화에 대한 Fibronectin 및 그 단편의 역할

방옥선(Ok Sun Bang),이영섭(Young Sup Lee),강신성(Shin Sung Kang) 경북대학교 생명공학연구소 1993 遺傳工學硏究所報 Vol.8 No.1

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예산군 보호수 실태조사를 통한 효율적 관리방안 제언

강방훈 ( Bang Hun Kang ),조승진 ( Seung Jin Cho ),손진관 ( Jin Kwan Son ),김미희 ( Mi Heui Kim ),안옥선 ( Ok Sun Ahn ) 한국농촌계획학회 2011 농촌계획 Vol.17 No.3

This study was conducted to understand the distribution characteristics of old tree (protected tree) and propose the effective management plan for old tree to make hold a sustained function as natural and cultural resources in rural area. We surveyed 96 old trees at 69 farm villages in Yaesan-gun, South Chungcheong Province. The species of tree was investigated with Zelkova serrata, Ginkgo biloba, Quercus acutissima, Pinus densiflora, Celtis sinensis, and Juniperus cbinensis order. Most of them located at the inside (43.6%) and the entrance (35.1%) of a village, and at mountain slope (31.9%) and alluvial plain (25.3%) in terms of distribution topography. The existing place of pollution source was investigated with 61%, and the pollution sources were blocks, construction materials, cement packings, farm machines and living garbage. The place where the rates of bare ground were more than 50% for the root region of a protection tree was 63%. The tree surgical operation was investigated in 37.5% of protection trees, and 12.5% of protection trees were investigated with a tree surgical operation being immediately. The average score for health condition of old tree at study sites was 18.6 points. A monitoring class was divided by public monitor 59.3%, main monitor 38.5%, and dead tree 2.2% on the basis of that information. Hereafter, we will conduct to promote the management guideline and develope culture contents through additional investigation.

Case Reports : Minimally Dilated Obstructive Nephropathy Initially Suspected as Pre-renal Azotemia in a Kidney Donor with Volume Depletion

Young Ok Kim,Chang Hee Han,Young Mi Ku,Ki Jo Kim,Mee Kyoung Kim,Sun Ae Yoon,Chul Woo Yang,Yoon Sik Chang,Byung Kee Bang 대한내과학회 2003 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.18 No.4

Proteomic analysis of Korean ginseng(Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) following exposure to salt stress

Kim, Sun-Tae,Bae, Dong-Won,Lee, Kyung-Hee,Hwang, Jung-Eun,Bang, Kyong-Hwan,Kim, Young-Chang,Kim, Ok-Tae,Yoo, Nam-Hee,Kang, Kyu-Young,Hyun, Dong-Yun,Lim, Chae-Oh The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2008 식물생명공학회지 Vol.35 No.3

We evaluated the response to salt stress of two different ginseng lines, STG3134 and STG3159, which are sensitive and tolerant, respectively, to salt treatment. Plants were exposed to a 5 dS/m salt solution, and chlorophyll fluorescence was measured. STG3134 ginseng was more sensitive than STG3159 to salt stress. To characterize the cellular response to salt stress in the two different lines, changes in protein expression were investigated using a proteomic approach. Total protein was extracted from detached salt-treated leaves of STG3134 and STG3159 ginseng, and then separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(2-DE). Approximately 468 protein spots were detected by 2-DE and Coommassie brilliant blue staining. Twenty-two proteins were found to be reproducibly up- or down-regulated in response to salt stress. Among these proteins, twelve were identified using MALDI-TOF MS and ESI-Q-TOF and classified into several functional groups: photosynthesis-related proteins(oxygen-evolving enhancer proteins 1 and 2, rubisco and rubisco activase), detoxification proteins(polyphenol oxidase) and defense proteins($\beta$-1,3-glucanase, ribonuclease-like storage protein, and isoflavone reductase-like protein). The protein levels of ribonuclease-like storage protein, which was highly induced in STG3159 ginseng as compared to STG3134, correlated tightly with mRNA transcript levels, as assessed by reverse-transcription(RT)-PCR. Our results indicate that salinity induces changes in the expression levels of specific proteins in the leaves of ginseng plants. These changes may, in turn, playa role in plant adaptation to saline conditions.

알루미늄 폼 및 허니컴 샌드위치 복합재료의 압축실험에 관한 연구

방승옥(Bang, Seung-Ok),김기선(Kim Key-Sun),김세환(Kim Sei-hwan),송수구(Song, Soo-Gu),조재웅(Cho Jae-Ung) 한국산학기술학회 2011 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.12 No.9

본 연구에서는 알루미늄 폼 및 허니컴 샌드위치 복합재료의 면내·외 압축실험을 수행하였다. 실험을 통하여 하중-변위의 관계를 분석하고 압축 특성을 비교한다. 시험편은 만능재료시험기를 사용하여 1 mm/min로 압축을 하였 다. 실험과정은 카메라로 촬영하고, 로드셀에서 나오는 데이터는 컴퓨터로 저장하였다. 실험결과를 보면 하중이 증가 함에 따라 알루미늄 폼 및 허니컴 심재에 좌굴이 발생하였다. 면내 압축실험에서 알루미늄 폼 및 허니컴 샌드위치 시 험편의 압축 최대하중은 비슷하였다. 그러나 비중을 고려하면 허니컴이 폼보다 압축 특성이 더 우수하다. 면외 압축 실험에서도 알루미늄 허니컴 샌드위치 복합재료의 압축 최대하중이 알루미늄 폼 샌드위치 복합재료보다 높게 나왔다. In this study, in-plane and out-plane compression tests of aluminum foam and honeycomb sandwich composites were carried out. Through these tests, the relationships of load-displacements were analyzed and the compression characteristics were compared with each other. The specimens were compressed with the speed of 1mm/min by using the universal testing machine. Experimental procedures were taken with photograph by the camera and load cell data were stored into computer. Test results showed that buckling was occurred at the aluminum foam core and honeycomb core according to the increase of load. In the in-plane compression test, the maximum load of aluminum foam specimen was similar with that of honeycomb sandwich. The property of honeycomb was better than that of the foam in consideration of specific gravity. In the out-plane compression test, compression maximum load of aluminum honeycomb sandwich composite was higher than that of aluminum foam sandwich composite.

단핵구 분화에 있어서 fibronectin 수용체의 역할

방옥선(Ok Sun Bang),강희갑(Hee Kap Kang),박의균(Eui Kyun Park),이영섭(Young Sup Lee),강신성(Shin Sung Kang) 경북대학교 생명공학연구소 1994 遺傳工學硏究所報 Vol.9 No.1

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Akt-induced promotion of cell-cycle progression at G₂/M phase involves upregulation of NF-Y binding activity in PC12 cells

Lee, Sun-Ryung,Park, Jae-Han,Park, Eui Kyun,Chung, Chin Ha,Kang, Shin-Sung,Bang, Ok-Sun Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2005 Journal of Cellular Physiology Vol.205 No.2

<P>Akt is a key downstream effector of the PI3K signaling pathway and plays a role in cell growth and survival. Expression of a myristoylated constitutively active form of Akt (myr-Akt) in PC12 cells could override cell-growth arrest at G<SUB>2</SUB>/M phase and apoptosis that were induced by etoposide treatment. On the other hand, inactivation of Akt by expression of its dominant negative mutant form (km-Akt) inhibited cell proliferation by arresting the cells at G<SUB>2</SUB>/M phase. Expression of myr-Akt also led to an increase in the protein and mRNA levels of CDK1 and cyclin B1. Furthermore, EMSA data revealed that expression of myr-Akt promoted the binding of NF-Y to the consensus CCAAT promoter sequence, whereas expression of km-Akt almost completely abolished it. Moreover, the Akt activity was minimal in the cells that were arrested at G<SUB>2</SUB>/M phase by nocodazole treatment, but reached to a maximal level as the cells progressed to mitosis and G<SUB>1</SUB> phase upon removal of the drug. Treatment with Akt inhibitors, but not with those of MEK or p70S6K, blocked the release of the cells from the nocodazole-induced G<SUB>2</SUB>/M arrest, further revealing that the Akt activity is required for G<SUB>2</SUB>/M phase transition. These results suggest that Akt facilitate cell-cycle progression at G<SUB>2</SUB>/M phase in PC12 cells and this Akt activity is correlated with upregulation of NF-Y DNA-binding activity and cyclin B1/CDK1 gene expression. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>