염소를 포함한 액체에서의 금박막 패터닝과 표면 분석

성덕경,최정옥,안일신,김옥경 한양대학교 이학기술연구소 2004 이학기술연구지 Vol.7 No.

금박막은 높은 전도성의 화학적인 안정성을 가지고 있으므로 GaAs를 기판으로 한 bevice에서 널리 쓰이고 있으며 SAM(Self-Assembled Monolayer), Nanolithography 등에서도 아주 주요하게 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 염소가 포함된 액체에 금박막이 접해있고 UV를 조사하여 식각이 되는 것을 발견하고 연구하였다. 노광량을 조절하여 금박막의 기각률을 조절할수 있으며, 또한 가모강제 공정을 거치지 않고 금박막에 직접 조사하게 되므로 간단하게 패터닝을 할수 있다. AFM(atomic force microscope), optical microscope, ellipsometry 를 이용하여 식각률 측정 및 표면 변화를 보았다. Various metals or their alloys are used in the semiconductor metallization process or in micro-or nano-structure devices. We report a novel etching technique of gold film based on new phenomenon that gold is soluble in chlorine containing solutions or solvents under UV irradiation. Mask patterns can be transferred to gold surface directly without resorting to complicate photoresist process. And, etch rate could be controlled from sub nanometer to few tens of nanometers per minute by adjusting exposure parameters. Moreover, non-toxic liquid such as NaCl solution can be used for the process. AFM(atomic force microscope), optical microscope, ellipsometry were used to characterize the etch rate and the surface morphology.

빠딴잘리 요가경에 나타난 인간의 본성과 삶의 목적

조옥경,김명권 한국동서정신과학회 1999 동서정신과학 Vol.2 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 빠딴잘리 요가경에서 가정하고 있는 인간관과 인생관을 알아보는 것이었다. 다양한 요가의 기법들과 목표는 단순한 철학적 이해를 넘어 인간 심성의 개발이라는 측면에서 심리학의 관심사와 일치한다. 그러므로 빠딴잘리 요가경을 심리학적인 시각에서 살펴보는 것이 필요하다고 보았다. 빠딴잘리는 인간은 순수의식인 뿌루샤와 물질적 요소인 쁘라끄르띠로 되어 있고 이 두 요소는 서로 관련 없이 독립적으로 존재한다고 보았다. 현상적으로 경험하는 심리적 실체인 '나'는 뿌루샤와 쁘라끄르띠의 혼동으로 파생된 것이므로 궁극적으로는 허구임을 강조하였다. 이 혼동을 아위디아(Avidya￣)라고 하며 이로 인해 피할 수 없는 인간의 온갖 고통이 파생된다. 고통을 피하려는 욕구는 모든 인간에게 공통된 것으로 이를 위해서는 고통의 근본원인인 아위디아를 완전히 뿌리뽑아야한다. 여러 가지 명상법과 고행 법은 결국 아위디아를 제거하여 인간 본연의 실체, 즉 뿌루샤와 쁘라끄르띠의 완전한 분리를 체험하는 것이다. 이를 위해 사는 삶만이 진정으로 가치가 있는 삶임을 빠딴잘리는 거듭 강조하고 있다. 뿌루샤의 절대적 존재를 깨닫고 직접 체험함으로써 쁘라끄르띠의 무상한 세계를 초월하여 절대 자유와 행복에로 도달하는 것이 인생의 진정한 목적이라는 것이다. 이러한 빠딴잘리 요가경의 인간과 인생에 대한 태도는 언뜻 보기에는 지나치게 비현실적이고 때로는 무모한 것처럼 보인다. 그러나 빠딴잘리는 자신의 시각을 뒷받침하는 이론적, 경험적 근거를 제시하면서 자유와 행복을 위한 구체적인 방법을 과학적이고 체계적으로 설명하였다. 오랜 세월을 거쳐 경험적으로 입증되어온 요가의 실천적 방법들이 최근 심리치료에 적극적으로 도입되고 있는 실정임을 고려할 때 그 방법들의 이론적 근거를 제공하는 철학적 가정들을 심리학적인 측면에서 재조명해보고 그 가치를 새롭게 찾는 것이 시급한 일이라고 본다. This theoretical study aims to examine the several basic assumptions that Patan~jali's Yoga Su￣tra has adopted about the nature of man and the goal of life. The Yoga Su￣tras are considered the foundation of all Yoga practice and Yoga psychology. People have been practicing Yoga for centuries in order to obtain the physical and psychological benefits that arise out of this discipline. Despite the increasing interest of contemporary Western psychology in the practice of Yoga, comparatively little has been written about its philosophical aspect. It is the purpose of this paper to make explicit theoretical points of Yoga's view about man and his life. Patan~jali assumed that man consists of two separate elements; Purus??a and Prakr??ti. The Purus??a is the pure and essential consciousness. Prakr??ti is the term used to designate everything else in the universe aside from the Purus??a, mainly the natural or material world. According to Patan~jali, the cause of all mental pain and anguish is avidya, lack of understanding the distinction between Purus??a and Prakr??ti. This wrong identification with man's material nature as opposed to one's Purus??a, that is Avidya￣, should be removed by the right knowledge to obtain the absolute happiness and freedom free from all the pain and suffering. Hence the true goal of life is to escape from pain which are yet to come by means of destroying Avidya￣. As the Avidya￣ is the fundamental cause of other sufferings, one's whole life should be devoted to the effective and practical ways to root it out. The philosophical presuppositions of Patan~jali about man and man's life seems to be metaphysical and mystical, not deserving of serious scientific comment. But he deals with human sufferings and the practical means to overcome them in a systematic way. His theoretical assumptions helps us to gain an understanding of Yoga psychology's principles of mental health, psychological disturbance, and therapeutic change.

중소도시 하수관거의 침입수량 및 수질오염 원단위 산정

김옥형,박승기,정재훈,임경호 公州大學校 工學硏究院 生産技術硏究所 2004 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

The volume of wastewater in combined sewers in study areas usually exceeds capacities of the sewer system or the treatment plant during storms. For this reason, combined sewer systems are designed to overflow occasionally and discharge excess waste water. The 6 monitoring sites were selected from two small cities near the Hongsung prefecture during over a rainy season. Monitoring was performed by collecting grab samples and by measuring the rainfall and flow rates during dry and wet seasons. Generally the flow rate of wastewater in combined sewers was rapidly decreased after 23:00 PM and gradually increased from 06:30 AM in all sites during the dry season. Due to monitoring and statistical analysis, the groundwater contributes on sewage volume increase (average 3.4-25.4% more) during experimental periods. Therefore, this research is focus on the investigation of the effects of stormwater and groundwater to combined sewer systems.

루돌프 스멘트의 統合理論(Ⅰ) : 統合의 槪念과 種類를 중심으로 Der Begriff und die Arten der Integration

崔京玉 東亞大學校 大學院 1995 大學院論文集 Vol.20 No.-

In den zwanziger Jahren des neunzehten Jahrhunderts wurde die Integrationslehre Rudolf Smends durch den Ubergang von der Monarchie zur Weimarer Republik in der deutschen Verfassungsgeschichte aufgetreten. Aber diese ist weder alles der Verfassungslehre noch das Vertretenstheorie der Demokratie. Warum soll der Staat die Volker integrieren und dadurch die wahre Integration erreichen? Damals kritierte Smend das bisherige Rechtspositivismus und behauptete die geiftwissenschaftliche Methode in der Staatsrechtslehre. In dieser Aufsatz werden der Begriff und die Arten der Integration Smends im allgemeinen vorgestellt. Der Inhalt dieser Aufsates ist wie folgend, Ⅰ. Vorrede Ⅱ. Der Begriff der Integration 1. Der Gegenstand der Staatslehre 2. Die Struktur des Staates Ⅲ. Die Arten der Integration 1. Die personliche Integration 2. Die funktionelle Integration 3. Die sachliche Integration 4. Die Einheit des Integrationssystems Ⅳ. Die Integrationslehre und das Grundrecht 1. Der integrierende sachliche Inhalt 2. Das Grundrecht von Frankreich und Deutschland Ⅴ. Zum SchluB Nachdem Smend bezieht sich die Staatsrechts-Staatslehre auf file ein Teil der geistige Wirklichkeit. Die Gebildung der geistigen Gruppe ist nicht als die Wirklichkeit der statisrhen Substanz, sondern das reale-geistige Leben und die Sinneinheit der geitige Behandlung im Staatsleben. Smend will auf diesem Grund die Volker in dem geistigen Leben des Staates integrieren. Er teilt die Integationsart drei Arten, d.h. die personliche -, funktionelle -, sachliche Integration. Von der personlichen Integration aus wird der Fruher, besonders der Monarch des Staates bedeutet, von der funktionellen Integration aus das ProzeB des Staatslebens, z.B. Wahl, Parlamentarismus, Mehrheitsprinzip usw., und von der sachlichen Integration aus der gemeinsame Wertbestand einer politischen Gemeinschaft. Jede Integrationsart enthalt auch viele Probleme. In der personlichen Integration will Smend durch den Wert der「mythenhaften Substanz」des Monarchen die Volker integrieren. In der funktionellen Integration behauptet or die Verminderung der Integrationen der Volker durch die Verhaltnis-Geheimniswahl. Daran kann man den Antidemokratischen Gedanken Smends erkennen. Das Faschismus ist in der Tat ein Schatzhaus der Integrationslehre Smends. Smend steht auch im Gegensatz zu der kausalen Gesetzlichkeit und des Parlamentarismus. Aber was Smend bedeutet, gibt es kein Neues wie in der bisherigen Staatsrechts-Staatslehre. Es ist nur die eine der Souveranitatstheorie. In dieser Aufsatz wird nur, was uber zur funktionellen Integration von drei Arten der Integration ist, vorgestellt. Was uber nach der sachlichen Integration ist, wird im nachsten Zeitschrift gelaufen werden.

분광 앨립소미트리를 이용한 유리기판 위의 박막 분석

성덕경,방경윤,오영륙,최은호,안일신,김옥경 한양대학교 이학기술연구소 2003 이학기술연구지 Vol.6 No.-

Spectroscopic ellipsometry 은 다양한 물질의 광학적 특징을 연구할 수 있는 강력한 기술이다. 현재 실리콘 웨이퍼 위의 박막 분석에는 그 효율성이 확실히 입증되어 있다. 그러나 현재 산업은 유리 기판위의 박막을 분석하기를 원하고 있다. Ellipsometry로 투명기판을 분석하기 위해서는 후면 반사에의한 비간섭성 효과를 고려해야 한다. 기존의 반사공식을 투명기판의 비간섭성을 고려하여 수정하였다. 투명기판 위의 샘플과 scratch를 낸 같은 샘플을 측정 분석하여 정확성을 확인하였다. 수정된 반사공식을 이용하면 디스플레이와 같은 투명재료를 이용하는 곳에 유용하게 사용될 것으로 기대되고 있다. A Spectroscpic ellipsometry is very strong technology to study optical properties of many materials. It has already substantiated a analytic efficiency about thin films above wafers to be made of silicon. However, the current industry needs thin films analyzed on a glass. When we analyze a glass using a ellipsometry, we have to consider a efficiency of incoherence due to reflect at the back side. So then, we slightly altered the original formula. We compared a scratched sample with a sample on the glass, because off getting a exactitude. Our technical development, using the changed formula, is expected the useful utilization in a part of using gIasses such as display.

現代中國語의 同義語小考

孫慶玉 中國語文硏究會 1989 中國語文論叢 Vol.2 No.-

루돌프 스멘트 憲法理論의 精神科學的 方法

崔京玉 東亞大學校 大學院 1994 大學院論文集 Vol.19 No.-

制憲國會의 成立史 : 美軍政 法令과 관련하여

崔京玉 한국공법학회 2003 공법연구 Vol.31 No.5

On August 15, 1945, finally Japan surrendered to the Allied Forces, and on September 7, the US occupation forces landed at Incheon. That very moment was a decisive moment that held sway over the partition of the Korean Peninsula. When we consider the moment, on August 22, commander of the headquarters of the 34th Japanese Army posted at north of the 38th Parallel, Gusihusi(lieutenant general) signed an instrument surrender to commander of the 25th Russian Army. Thus Russian Army disarmed Japanese Army at north of the 38th Parallel. Meanwhile, onAugust 27, the supreme commander of the Allied Forces, Douglas McArthur (1880-1964) appointed John R. Hodge who was leading the 24th corps under the control of the 10th US Army in Okinawa at that time to the commander in chief of the HUSAMGIK(Headquartersof the United States Army Military Government in Korea, its office was posted in Seoul Korea; hereinafter referred to the HUSAMGIK), and commanded him that an occupying scope of the US Army in Korea was south of the 38th Parallel. These accidental events that happened in Korean history began in this way and left the Korean Peninsula bounded again with the national division for the next fifty years. At the same time, such complicated domestic and international situations were linked to the trusteeship in Korea and provided the momentum of beginning of the US Army Military Government in South Korea. Therefore, in this thesis we will investigate the formation process of Korea's first independent national assembly, that is, the Korean 『Constitutional Legislative Assembly』(KCLA), focusing on the period of the US Army Military Government. In order to do this, at first, we are going to inquire into the legal characteristics of the US Army Military Government put in force in Korea, and at second, the statues promulgated by the US Army Military Government under the supervision of the US Army Military Government and opening process of the KCLA based on those. Along with doing this, we will look into the process of the policy establishment and its effect sprung from the relation between the US Army Military Government authorities and 『Representative Democratic Council』 (RDC) and the 『Korean Interim Lagislative Assembly』 (KILA), legal characteristics of these National Assembly systems, and opening process of the KCLA The contents of this thesis are as follows. Table of contents 1. Introduction 2. Legal characteristics of the US Army Military Government 3. A proposal by M. Preston Goodfellow and the 『Representative Democratic Council』 (RDC) 1) John R. Hodge and the RDC 2) The Supreme Governing Commission and the RDC 3) Legal characteristics of the RDC 4. The US Army Military Government Ordinance 118 and the 『Korean Interim Legislative Assembly』(KILA) 1) A plan for the application of the political situation by William R. Langdon and the KILA 2) Archer L. Lerch and the proposal for the legislative organization 3) Legal characteristics of the KILA 5. The US Army Military Government Ordiance 175 and opening of the 『Koren Constitutional Legislative Assembly』 (KCLA) 6. Conclusion

憲法判例의 先例拘束性과 法源性

崔京玉 東亞大學校 大學院 1997 大學院論文集 Vol.22 No.-

Presently in Korea as the role of the court of the Constitutional Law is wide-spread and the people's knowledge of human rights is more thorough, constitutional petitions have been increasing steadily and cases have been accumulating. Therefore, this essay will study how much the secondary source of cases can be accepted as court cases of Constitutional Law have been accumulating. It will also analyse the influence and limit of the precedent of cases being considered in Korea and Japan which are taking the principle of written law in the continental law. The doctrine of stare decises results from that cases have binding force as they have been accumulating under the principle of an unwritten law in Anglo-American law. Korea and Japan have two facts in common. One is that over a half century has passed since World War II, and the other is that the two countries inherited the continental law. They have been making their own respective law-cultures though they have something historical and cultural in common. Therefore it will be meaningful to find out the similarities and differences between both countries' cases of Constitutional Law;(the secondary sources and the precedents of the two countries), now, at a time when over fifty years have passed since the restoration of Korean Independence from Japan. There is still little discussion, however, on the secondary source and the precedent of cases of Constitutional Law in Korea. Therefore this essay compared the precedents of constitutional cases and the secondary sources of cases of Constitutional Law in Korea and Japan. It classifies Korean constitutional cases into parts and looks at the precedent and the secondary source of the constitutional cases after examining scholars' opinions of Japan. These pinions arisen after long and lively debates about the secondary source of constitutional cases and the precedent of these cases.

가족성 정신분열병 환자에서 임상 특성의 가족내 연관성

최경숙,이유상,장용이,조은영,전현옥,김창현,김상욱,홍경수 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.5

Objectives : This study aims at examining familial associations of symptoms and clinical characteristics in affected sibling or relative pairs of schizophrenia as an effort to identify genetically homogeneous phenotypes. Methods : Forty-seven relative pairs with DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia from thirty-five Korean families multiply affected with schizophrenia were ascertained. Direct interviews were done using the Korean version of Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS). The Krawieka Rating Scale and the Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome were also applied for further evaluation of psychopathologies. Intra-familial concordances and correlations of clinical characteristics and symptoms were tested using χ² -test and Spearman's correlation. Results : Significantly high concordance rate within relative pairs was found for the diagnosis of paranoid vs. non-paranoidsubtype (χ²=7.623, P=0.006, df=1). Deficit vs. non-deficit syndrome also showed significant concordance (χ² =3.850, p=0.0497, df=1). Among single symptom items in DIGS, only 'auditory hallucination' showed significant concordance rate ( χ² =5.503, P=0.019, df=1). Factor analysis for symptoms items in the Rrawiecka Rating Scale indicated three symptom dimensions ; negative, psychotic and affective, Psychotic (P =0.442, P=0.003) and affective dimension scores (p =0.427, P=0.004) showed significant intra-familial correlations. Age at onset of recognized psychotic symptoms showed significant correlation only within the male sibling pairs. Conclusion : Familial factors, Possibly genetic factor contribute to the phenotypic characteristics of paranoid vs. non-para-noid subtype, deficit vs. non-deficit syndrome, auditory hallucination, and affective syndrome, It supports their use in the delineation of homogeneous subgroups for future genetic studies.