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Reviews : Hepatitis C virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma
( Nicolas Goossens ),( Yujin Hoshida ) 대한간학회 2015 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.21 No.2
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The interaction of HCV with its human host is complex and multilayered; stemming in part from the fact that HCV is a RNA virus with no ability to integrate in the host’s genome. Direct and indirect mechanisms of HCV-induced HCC include activation of multiple host pathways such as liver fibrogenic pathways, cellular and survival pathways, interaction with the immune and metabolic systems. Host factors also play a major role in HCV-induced HCC as evidenced by genomic studies identifying polymorphisms in immune, metabolic, and growth signaling systems associated with increased risk of HCC. Despite highly effective direct-acting antiviral agents, the morbidity and incidence of liver-related complications of HCV, including HCC, is likely to persist in the near future. Clinical markers to selectively identify HCV subjects at higher risk of developing HCC have been reported however they require further validation, especially in subjects who have experienced sustained virological response. Molecular biomarkers allowing further refinement of HCC risk are starting to be implemented in clinical platforms, allowing objective stratification of risk and leading to individualized therapy and surveillance for HCV individuals. Another role for molecular biomarker-based stratification could be enrichment of HCC chemoprevention clinical trials leading to smaller sample size, shorter trial duration, and reduced costs.(Clin Mol Hepatol 2015;21:105-114)
Low temperature electronic transport in sputter deposited a-IGZO films
Nicolas Martin,Tomas Nyberg,Vassilios Kapaklis 한국물리학회 2014 Current Applied Physics Vol.14 No.11
We report on the electrical properties of a-IGZO thin films prepared by reactive sputtering. Without oxygen injection, dc resistivity measured at room temperature is r300K ¼ 1.22 103 Um. The lowest resistivity r300K ¼ 4.86 105 Um is obtained at a certain oxygen supply into the deposition process. Hall effect measurements of these films reveal a metallic-like behavior from mobility and carrier concentration vs. temperature in the range 15e300 K whereas films deposited without oxygen or for the highest oxygen flows behave as semiconductors. These enhanced electrical properties are connected to the oxygen vacancies and the local coordination structure around the In3þ cations.
Prediction of Water Requirement for Corn in the Coastal Region of Ecuador
( Nicolas Borja ),( Jaepil Cho ),( Kyungsook Choi ) 한국농공학회 2015 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2015 No.-
The impacts of future climate change in crop water requirement (CWR) for corn were investigated in 5 provinces of the coastal region of Ecuador, which presents rainy (winter) and dry (summer) seasons with two climatological regions including wet and dry regions. Weather data from 1986 to 2012 was extracted and adopted as the base line for the study area. The Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios were selected for this study, and 6 Global Climate Model (GCM) selected were downscaled and bias-corrected to predict three future periods of 2025s, 2055s, and 2085s. CROPWAT 8.0 was implemented to estimate the present and future CWR for corn growth. The projected climate showed an increase trend of temperature and rainfall under the RCPs scenarios for three time series. Due to the changes in rainfall and temperature, decreasing CWR in rainy season due to the increment in rainfall was shown while the dry season would have similar pattern of current water demand except some parts of this area showing less water requirement due to increase of rainfall. Since the climate change could affect to corn growth, appropriate measurements should be applied based on the predicted CRW to adapt climate changes.
The JAK/STAT Pathway Is Involved in Synaptic Plasticity
Nicolas, Cé,line ,S.,Peineau, Sté,phane,Amici, Mascia,Csaba, Zsolt,Fafouri, Assia,Javalet, Charlotte,Collett, Valerie ,J.,Hildebrandt, Lars,Seaton, Gillian,Choi, Sun-Lim,Sim, Su-Eo Cell Press 2012 Neuron Vol.73 No.2
<▼1><P><B>Summary</B></P><P>The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is involved in many cellular processes, including cell growth and differentiation, immune functions and cancer. It is activated by various cytokines, growth factors, and protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and regulates the transcription of many genes. Of the four JAK isoforms and seven STAT isoforms known, JAK2 and STAT3 are highly expressed in the brain where they are present in the postsynaptic density (PSD). Here, we demonstrate a new neuronal function for the JAK/STAT pathway. Using a variety of complementary approaches, we show that the JAK/STAT pathway plays an essential role in the induction of NMDA-receptor dependent long-term depression (NMDAR-LTD) in the hippocampus. Therefore, in addition to established roles in cytokine signaling, the JAK/STAT pathway is involved in synaptic plasticity in the brain.</P></▼1><▼2><P>The authors demonstrate a new neuronal function for the JAK/STAT pathway in the induction of NMDA-receptor-dependent long-term depression (NMDAR-LTD) in the hippocampus.</P></▼2>