The Influence of Foreign Aid on Public Sector Efficiency: A Panel Data Analysis

Birendra Narayan SHAH(Birendra Narayan SHAH ) 국제융합경영학회 2023 융합경영연구 Vol.11 No.3

Purpose: This paper examines whether foreign aid influences public sector efficiency in policy areas of administration, education, and stability. Research design, data and methodology: The study uses panel data of 77 aid recipient developing countries over the period 2000-2020 and employs various panel data techniques to estimate. Results: We found that a percentage change in foreign aid increases administrative efficiency by 0.02 to 0.04 on average ceteris paribus in the short run. On the other hand, a percentage increase in foreign aid decreases education efficiency by 0.005 to 0.006 on average. While the impact of foreign aid on the policy area of stability is insignificant. Conclusions: The empirical results of this study have important implications for both donors and aid recipient countries. It suggests that to get positive influence from foreign aid, in the area of education and stability, the recipient countries need to increase accessibility of secondary schools with quality education especially; technical and vocational. Also, the donor should provide a minimum threshold amount of foreign aid to developing countries for reforming the institutions' capacity building.

Financial Intermediation and Economic Growth: Evidence from Nepal

Birendra Narayan Shah(Birendra Narayan Shah ),Md Iqbal Bhuyan(Md Iqbal Bhuyan ),Sung-Sik Kim(Sung-Sik Kim),Rukshana Salam(Rukshana Salam ) The International Academy of Global Business and T 2023 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.19 No.3

Purpose - This study aims to investigate the role of financial intermediation in Nepalese economic growth using time-series data over the period from 1974 to 2019. In order to establish the relationship, GDP per capita is used as a proxy for economic growth, while private sector credit, commercial bank assets, and the broad money supply serve as proxy measures of financial intermediation. Design/Methodology/Approach - To obtain empirical results, the Johansen test of co-integration, the vector error correction model, and the Granger causality test are applied. Findings - The results support finance-led growth in Nepal, implying that financial intermediation is positively associated with economic growth in the long run. A positive association with total trade was observed in the short run, but a negative effect was found in the long run. Granger causality tests indicate that the broad money supply and commercial bank assets are bidirectionally related to Nepal’s economic growth, while private sector credit is unidirectional. Research Implications - The findings suggest that if central bank authorities prioritized monetary policy tools, it may foster economic growth in Nepal in both the short- and long terms. In addition, for the persistent growth of the Nepalese economy, the banking sector should be reformed by employing more liberal policies. The study also suggests that policymakers should take immediate action to correct the direction of Nepalese foreign trade.

Experimental Study on Laminar Lifted Methane Jet Flame Diluted with Nitrogen and Helium

Narayan Sapkal,Won June Lee,Jeong Park,Oh Boomg Kwon 한국연소학회 2014 KOSCOSYMPOSIUM논문집 Vol.2014 No.11

Laminar lifted methane jet flame diluted with nitrogen and helium in co-flow air has been investigated experimentally. This paper examines the role of chemistry, intermediate species responsible for stabilization of lifted flame. To elucidate the stabilization mechanism in lifted methane jet flames with Sc<1, the chemiluminescence intensities of CH<SUP>*</SUP> and OH<SUP>*</SUP> were measured using ICCD camera at various nozzle exit velocities and fuel mole fractions. It has been observed that the OH<SUP>*</SUP> species can play an important role in stabilization of lifted methane jet flame as they are good indicators of heat release rate which can affect on flame speed and increase stability through reduction in ignition delay time.

An overview of recent development in bio-oil upgrading and separation techniques

Narayan Lal Panwar,Arjun Sanjay Paul 대한환경공학회 2021 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.26 No.5

Bio-oil produced from the fast pyrolysis/hydrothermal liquefaction is gaining popularity worldwide as the forerunner to replace fossil fuel. The bio-oil can be produced from agricultural waste, forest residue, and urban organic waste. It is also called pyrolysis oil, renewable fuel, and has the potential to be used as fuel in many applications. The application of bio-oil as transportation fuel helps to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and to keep up the ecological balance. The bio-oil has the heating value of nearly half of the diesel fuel i.e. 16-19 MJ/㎏; but, the inferior properties such as high water content, high viscosity, low pH, and poor stability hinder bio-oil application as a fuel. Thus, this paper provides a detailed review of bio-oil properties, its limitations and focuses on the recent development of different upgrading and separation techniques, used to date for the improvement of the bio-oil quality. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of each upgrading method along with the application and environmental impact of bio-oil are also discussed in this article.

Characterization of Ceratocystis fimbriata causes black rot disease of sweet potato and selection of resistant varieties

Narayan Chandra Paul,Won Park,Sang-Sik Nam,Seon Kyeong Han,Kyeong Dan Yu,Seung-yong Lee,Jung-Wook Yang 한국농약과학회 2018 한국농약과학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.10

Low-macroscopic field emission properties of wide bandgap copper aluminium oxide nanoparticles for low-power panel applications

Narayan Banerjee, Arghya,Joo, Sang W IOP Pub 2011 Nanotechnology Vol.22 No.36

<P>Field emission properties of CuAlO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles are reported for the first time, with a low turn-on field of approximately 2 V µm<SUP> − 1</SUP> and field enhancement factor around 230. The field emission process follows the standard Fowler–Nordheim tunnelling of cold electron emission. The emission mechanism is found to be a combination of low electron affinity, internal nanostructure and large field enhancement at the low-dimensional emitter tips of the nanoparticles. The field emission properties are comparable to the conventional carbon-based field emitters, and thus can become alternative candidate for field emission devices for low-power panel applications.</P>

Comparison of Machine Learning-Based Anomaly Detection Schemes for CAN Bus Networks

Narayan Khatri,Abdul Mateen,Seung Yeob Nam 한국통신학회 2022 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.2

The Controller Area Network (CAN) communication protocol is one of the most widely used protocol in in-vehicle networks because it is simple to use and provides effective data transmission between the Electronic Control Units (ECUs). It is based on broadcast communication and lacks security features to avoid attacks from the external intruders. The vulnerabilities like lack of message authentication, lack of message encryption mechanism, and ID-based arbitration mechanism for contention resolution makes it easier for hackers to launch sophisticated attacks on the bus. Researchers have shown with experimentation that they can take control over the vehicle functionalities by injecting spoofed messages in the CAN bus networks. The attack surfaces used are OBD-II port, telematics unit, and infotainment systems, etc. Thus, the security of the vehicle can be endangered, and Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) is important to detect security attacks in CAN networks. In this paper, we compare the various machine learning algorithms for intrusion detection in CAN networks through experiments. We have used the dataset provided by researchers from a university to evaluate the performance of the selected algorithms. One-class classification algorithms that are used in this paper include isolation forest, one class support vector machine, local outlier factor, and minimum covariance determinant.

Observations on Fragmentation Pathway of Farinomalein and its Isomers by Structural Investigation Using LC-MS/MS

Narayan P. Firke,Anil G. Markandeya,Rajendra S. Konde Deshmukh,Shirish S. Pingale 사단법인 한국질량분석학회 2018 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.9 No.1

Farinomalein is a maleimide-bearing compound well known for its anti-fungal activity. In the present study, synthesis of farinomalein is achieved via Stobbe condensation followed by Haval-Argade contrathermodynamic rearrangement. Kinetically driven Stobbe condensation followed by condensation with beta-alanine reveals formation of two isomers of farinomalein. This article describes application of LC-MS/MS in structure elucidation of farinomalein 1 and its isomers 2 and 3 encountered in its synthesis. The proposed distinct fragmentation pathway is supported by rational organic reaction mechanism. These fragmentation pathways are significant for analytical method development of farinomalein in near future. The structures of farinomalein 1 and its isomers 2 and 3 have been assigned undisputedly.

Experimental study of droplet splashing phenomena on hydrophobic micro-and micro/nano-textured surfaces

Narayan Pandurang Sapkal,박수청,Yeon-Won Lee,Dong In Yu 대한기계학회 2021 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.35 No.11

Droplet splashing phenomena are observed experimentally on the welldesigned hydrophobic micro and micro-/nano-textured surfaces. The critical Weber numbers (We cr ) for splashing are investigated by considering the geometrical surface conditions. The splashing was facilitated with large micropillar spacing and diameter and suppressed with small ones. Large pillar spacing and diameter enabled easy penetration of liquid by reduced capillary force and increased the outlet of airflow. This air-liquid velocity difference creates instability at the edge of the spreading droplet, thereby generating splashing based on the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability mechanism. Besides, earlier splashing was observed on micro/nano textures than on microtextured surfaces. Since the impacting droplet could not penetrate the nanopillars due to higher capillary pressure and slip boundary condition formation, it reduces airflow friction. Hence an increase in the air-liquid velocity ratio renders splashing.

Surfactant mediated liquid phase exfoliation of graphene

NARAYAN REKHA,Kim Sang Ouk 나노기술연구협의회 2015 Nano Convergence Vol.2 No.20

Commercialization of graphene based applications inevitably requires cost effective mass production. From the early days of research on graphene, direct liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) of graphite has been considered as the most promising strategy to produce high-quality mono or few-layer graphene sheets in solvent dispersion forms. Substantial success has been achieved thus far in the LPE of graphene employing numerous solvent systems and suitable surfactants. This invited review article principally showcase the recent research progress as well as shortcomings of surfactant assisted LPE of graphene. In particular, a comprehensive assessment of the quality and yield of the graphene sheets produced by different categories of the surfactants are summarized. Future direction of LPE methods is also proposed for the eventual success of commercial applications.