The Contingent Negative Variation in Remitted Paediatric Bipolar Patients: No Evidence of Abnormality

Nandini Banerjee,Vinod K. Sinha,Meera Jayaswal,Pushpal Desarkar 대한신경정신의학회 2013 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.10 No.2

Although the Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) paradigm has been useful in schizophrenia, limited research involving such paradigm in subjects with Bipolar Disorder (BD) has produced contradictory findings. To the best of our knowledge, no study has investigated CNV in Paediatric Bipolar Disorder (PBD) subjects. Thirty remitted PBD patients and thirty matched healthy control group subjects participated in the study. No significant between group main effect could be found for either CNV latency or amplitude. We propose that CNV is unlikely to be a true endophenotype of BD. However, absence of CNV finding during euthymic phase in BD may help us in advancing our understanding of BD and such finding may, in fact, have some specificity with regard to differentiating BD from schizophrenia.

Manual Liquid Based Cytology in Primary Screening for Cervical Cancer - a Cost Effective Preposition for Scarce Resource Settings

Nandini, N.M.,Nandish, S.M.,Pallavi, P.,Akshatha, S.K.,Chandrashekhar, A.P.,Anjali, S.,Dhar, Murali Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.8

Conventional pap smear (CPS) examination has been the mainstay for early detection of cervical cancer. However, its widespread use has not been possible due to the inherent limitations, like presence of obscuring blood and inflammation, reducing its sensitivity considerably. Automated methods in use in developed countries may not be affordable in the developing countries due to paucity of resources. On the other hand, manual liquid based cytology (MLBC) is a technique that is cost effective and improves detection of precursor lesions and specimen adequacy. Therefore the aim of the study was to compare the utility of MLBC with that of CPS in cervical cancer screening. A prospective study of 100 cases through MLBC and CPS was conducted from October 2009 to July 2010, in a Medical College in India, by two independent pathologists and correlated with histopathology (22 cases). Morphological features as seen through MLBC and CPS were compared. Subsequently, all the cases were grouped based on cytological diagnosis according to two methods into 10 groups and a subjective comparison was made. In order to compare the validity of MLBC with CPS in case of major diagnoses, sensitivity and specificity of the two methods were estimated considering histological examination as the gold standard. Increased detection rate with MLBC was 150%. The concordance rate by LBC/histopathology v/s CPS/histopathology was also improved (86% vs 77%) The percentage agreement by the two methods was 68%. MLBC was more sensitive in diagnosis of LSIL and more specific in the diagnosis of inflammation. Thus, MLBC was found to be better than CPS in diagnosis of precursor lesions. It provided better morphology with increased detection of abnormalities and preservation of specimen for cell block and ancillary studies like immunocytochemistry and HPV detection. Therefore, it can be used as alternative strategy for cervical cancer prevention in limited resource settings.

Development of a simple bioelectrode for the electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide using <i>Pichia pastoris</i> catalase immobilized on gold nanoparticle nanotubes and polythiophene hybrid

Nandini, Seetharamaiah,Nalini, Seetharamaiah,Sanetuntikul, Jakkid,Shanmugam, Sangaraju,Niranjana, Pathappa,Melo, Jose Savio,Suresh, Gurukar Shivappa The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 The Analyst Vol.139 No.22

<P>In this paper, a simple and innovative electrochemical hydrogen peroxide biosensor has been proposed using catalase (CAT<SUB>pp</SUB>) derived from <I>Pichia pastoris</I> as bioelectrocatalyst. The model biocomponent was immobilized on gold nanoparticle nanotubes (AuNPNTs) and polythiophene composite using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide and <I>N</I>-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC–NHS) coupling reagent. In this present work, we have successfully synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by ultrasonic irradiation. The tubular gold nanostructures containing coalesced AuNPs were obtained by sacrificial template synthesis. The assembly of AuNPNTs onto the graphite (Gr) electrode was achieved <I>via</I> S–Au chemisorption. The latter was pre-coated with electropolymerized thiophene (PTh) to enable S groups to bind AuNPNTs. The combination of AuNPNTs–PTh, <I>i.e.</I>, an inorganic–organic hybrid, provides a stable enzyme immobilization platform. The physical morphology of the fabricated biosensor Gr/PTh/AuNPNTs/EDC–NHS/CAT<SUB>pp</SUB> was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive microscopy. The analytical performance of the bioelectrode was examined using cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Operational parameters such as working potential, pH, and thermal stability of the modified electrode were examined. The beneficial analytical characteristics of the proposed electrode were demonstrated. Our results indicate that the Gr/PTh/AuNPNTs/EDC–NHS/CAT<SUB>pp</SUB> bioelectrode exhibits a wide linear range from 0.05 mM to 18.5 mM of H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>, fast response time of 7 s, excellent sensitivity of 26.2 mA mM<SUP>−1</SUP> cm<SUP>−2</SUP>, good detection limit of 0.12 μM and good Michaelis–Menten constant of 1.4 mM. In addition, the bioelectrode displayed good repeatability, high stability and acceptable reproducibility, which can be attributed to the AuNPNTs–PTh composite that provides a biocompatible micro-environment.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>We have developed an electrochemical H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> biosensor using AuNPNTs PTh and CAT<SUB>pp</SUB>. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c4an01262c'> </P>

Genetic Symmetric Key Generation for IDEA

( Nandini Malhotra ),( Geeta Nagpal ) 한국정보처리학회 2015 Journal of information processing systems Vol.11 No.2

Cryptography aims at transmitting secure data over an unsecure network in coded version so that only the intended recipient can analyze it. Communication through messages, emails, or various other modes requires high security so as to maintain the confidentiality of the content. This paper deals with IDEA’s shortcoming of generating weak keys. If these keys are used for encryption and decryption may result in the easy prediction of ciphertext corresponding to the plaintext. For applying genetic approach, which is well-known optimization technique, to the weak keys, we obtained a definite solution to convert the weaker keys to stronger ones. The chances of generating a weak key in IDEA are very rare, but if it is produced, it could lead to a huge risk of attacks being made on the key, as well as on the information. Hence, measures have been taken to safeguard the key and to ensure the privacy of information.

A clinical perspective on the anatomical study of digastric muscle

Nandini Prashanth Bhat,Suhani Sumalatha,Ashwija Shetty,Sushma Prabhath 대한해부학회 2023 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.56 No.4

One of the suprahyoid muscles is the digastric muscle which comprises anterior and posterior bellies joined byan intermediate tendon. Because of its close relationship with the submandibular gland, lymph nodes, and chief vessels ofthe neck, detailed knowledge about the morphometry of the digastric muscle is essential. The objective of the current cross-sectional evaluative study is to record morphometry along with the digastric muscle’s origin, insertion, and variability. Forty human cadavers (25 males and 15 females) were dissected, and the head and neck regions were studied in detail. Theattachment of the digastric muscle anterior belly to the digastric fossa of the mandible was noted, and the distal attachment ofthe posterior belly to the mastoid notch was traced. The length of the anterior belly from the digastric fossa to its intermediatetendon and the length of the posterior belly from the intermediate tendon to its mastoid attachment were measured. There is afair correlation between the length of the neck and the length of the anterior and posterior belly. The study also identified twocases of bilateral accessory bellies of the anterior belly of the digastric. Normal morphometric data is provided by this studyon details of the digastric muscle. It is significant from a clinical and surgical point of view as the muscle lies in proximity tothe important structures of the neck.

Two Homeopathic Remedies Used Intermittently Provide Additional Protective Effects Against Hepatotoxicity Induced by Carcinogens in Mice

Nandini Bhattacharjee,Anisur Rahman Khuda-Bukhsh 사단법인약침학회 2012 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.5 No.4

The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether potentized cholesterinum (Chol) intermittently used with another homeopathic remedy, Natrum Sulphuricum (Nat Sulph) can provide additional benefits in combating hepatotoxicity generated by chronic feeding of carcinogens, p-dimethylaminoazobenzene (p-DAB), and phenobarbital (PB). Mice were categorized into subgroups: normal untreated (Gr-1); normal + alcohol “vehicle” (Alc) (Gr-2), 0.06% p-DAB +0.05% PB (Gr-3), p-DAB+PB+Alc (Gr-4), p-DAB+PB+Nat Sulph-30 (Gr-5), p-DAB+PB+Chol-200 (Gr-6), p-DAB+PB+Nat Sulph-30+Chol-200 (Gr-7), p-DAB+PB+Nat Sulph-200 (Gr-8), and DAB+PB+Nat Sulph-200+Chol-200 (Gr-9). Hepatotoxicity was assessed through biomarkers like aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST and ALT), acid and alkaline phosphatases (AcP and AlkP), reduced glutathione content (GSH), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and analysis of lipid peroxidation (LPO) at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days and antioxidant biomarkers like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR) were assayed. Electron microscopic studies (scanning and transmission) and gelatin zymography for matrix metalloproteinases were conducted in liver. The feeding of the homeopathic drugs showed intervention in regard to the increased activities of AST, ALT, AcP, AlkP, GGT, LDH, and LPO and decreased activities of G6PD, SOD, CAT, GR, and GSH noted in the intoxicated mice, more appreciable in Groups 7 and 9. Thus, combined therapy provided additional antihepatotoxic and anticancer effects.

Childhoods in India: Traditions, trends and transformations

Nandini Manjrekar 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2019 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.25 No.1

[BOOK REVIEW] Childhoods in India : Traditions, trends and transformations

Nandini Manjrekar Asian Center for Women's Studies : Ewha Womans Uni 2019 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.25 No.1

Transitional Selves and the Question of Class Consciousness

Nandini CHANDRA 이화여자대학교 이화인문과학원 2014 탈경계인문학 Vol.7 No.1

This paper aims at understanding the phenomenon of working class subjective growth through two British working class autobiographies of the middle and late 20th century. It seeks to chart the relationship between the cultural aspects of class–based identity through the contesting and allied concepts of habitus (Pierre Bourdieu) and “structure of feeling” (Raymond Williams) on the one hand, and the more revolutionary potentials of class–consciousness on the other. While the term “structure of feeling” expresses a generation–specific temporal unconscious, habitus is tied to a more spatial system of dispositions. While these terms delineate the possibility of the working class as subject in capitalism, the empirical proof from the autobiographies suggests that the attributes of this subjectivity may be the function of capital more than individual consciousness or a will to truth. Winnicott’s concept of the transitional object and the playing subject (seen as the apogee of creative humanity) is then used as the limit concept to demonstrate the hindering of subjectivity in capitalism. This lack of subjectivity or negative subjectivity could become the constellation that points beyond capitalism.

Analysis of Copy-move Forgery Image Forensics: A Review

Nandini Singhal,Savita Gandhani 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.8 No.7

In the era of today's world verification of images plays an important role. Various image editing tools are available in the market which can make changes in image in different ways. By using these tools, we can make slight changes in the image by resizing, rotating, noise addition and stretching an image or by splicing or copy move which is difficult to detect by human eyes. The digital images plays important role in many fields such as criminal and forensic investigation, military, journalism etc. So we needed some forgery detection technique for digital image. This paper reviews techniques for pixel-based forgery detection. First is copy-move or cloning and second is fast-copy move detection. In copy-move or cloning technique a part of the image is copied and pasted into another part of the image. But this image has limitation of only shifting of copied regions. So, second technique fast-copy move detection is discussed. Its result is complex but precise. Main disadvantage of fast-copy move technique it is not being able to detect for very small region.