Comparative study of turbulent flow around a bluff body by using two- and three-dimensional CFD

Ozdogan, Muhammet,Sungur, Bilal,Namli, Lutfu,Durmus, Aydin Techno-Press 2017 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.25 No.6

In this study, the turbulent flow around a bluff body for different wind velocities was investigated numerically by using its two- and three-dimensional models. These models were tested to verify the validity of the simulation by being compared with experimental results which were taken from the literature. Variations of non-dimensional velocities in different positions according to the bluff body height were analysed and illustrated graphically. When the velocity distributions were examined, it was seen that the results of both two- and three-dimensional models agree with the experimental data. It was also seen that the velocities obtained from two-dimensional model matched up with the experimental data from the ground to the top of the bluff body. Particularly, compared to the front part of the bluff body, results of the upper and back part of the bluff body are better. Moreover, after comparing the results from calculations by using different models with experimental data, the effect of multidimensional models on the obtained results have been analysed for different inlet velocities. The calculation results from the two-dimensional (2D) model are in satisfactory agreement with the calculation results of the three-dimensional model (3D) for various flow situations when comparing with the experimental data from the literature even though the 3D model gives better solutions.

Comparative study of turbulent flow around a bluff body by using two- and three-dimensional CFD

Muhammet Ozdogan,Bilal Sungur,Lutfu Namli,Aydin Durmus 한국풍공학회 2017 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.25 No.6

In this study, the turbulent flow around a bluff body for different wind velocities was investigated numerically by using its two- and three-dimensional models. These models were tested to verify the validity of the simulation by being compared with experimental results which were taken from the literature. Variations of non-dimensional velocities in different positions according to the bluff body height were analysed and illustrated graphically. When the velocity distributions were examined, it was seen that the results of both two- and three-dimensional models agree with the experimental data. It was also seen that the velocities obtained from two-dimensional model matched up with the experimental data from the ground to the top of the bluff body. Particularly, compared to the front part of the bluff body, results of the upper and back part of the bluff body are better. Moreover, after comparing the results from calculations by using different models with experimental data, the effect of multidimensional models on the obtained results have been analysed for different inlet velocities. The calculation results from the two-dimensional (2D) model are in satisfactory agreement with the calculation results of the three-dimensional model (3D) for various flow situations when comparing with the experimental data from the literature even though the 3D model gives better solutions.

해원으로 본 강증산 전승의 <남조선국>과 『홍길동전』의 <율도국>

고남식 ( Ko Nam-sik ) 한국문학치료학회 2009 문학치료연구 Vol.12 No.-

이글은 남조선국(南朝鮮國)과 율도국(聿島國)에 대해 그 상관성을 해원의 대상과 해원의 방법이라는 두 가지 면에서 살펴보았다. 첫째로 해원 대상과 관련해서 남조선국은 단주(丹朱) 해원과, 율도국은 길동(吉童)의 해원과 관련된다. 남조선국이 제위(帝位)를 받지 못한 단주의 해원과 관련된다면 율도국은 서자(庶子)로 태어나 호부호형도 하지 못하는 길동의 해원에 관한 것이다. 단주의 해원은 단주가 명(命)을 받는 것으로 해소되고 길동의 해원은 병조판서의 제수(除授)와 율도국 왕이 되는 것으로부터 풀리게 된다. 단주의 해원에서 단주가 명을 받는 것은 단주가 국가의 제위에 오르는 것이고 이점에서 남조선국이 설정된다. 남조선국이 초월성(超越性)을 띤 세계를 구축하며 조선의 문제를 포함 세계에 내재된 원한을 타파하여 이상세계를 만들고자 했다면, 율도국은 서얼 출신의 길동에 대한 해원을 위해 당대 조선이라는 국가체제와는 다른 현실의 세계로 율도국을 설정하고 그에 대한 정벌이라는 전쟁담의 성격을 짙게 깔며 통치과정 속에서 이상적인 국가를 만들어 해원이 되는 면을 강조한 것이다. 둘째로 해원의 방법으로 보아 단주와 길동의 해원은 종국적으로 이상국가가 상정되며 풀리게 된다. 단주의 해원에 제시된 이상국가인 남조선국의 설정은 초월적 세계와 연관된다. 남조선국은 현실계와는 다른 층위인 초월계의 단주만이 아니라 역시 역사적 인물로서 초월계에 있는 전봉준, 오랜 세월동안 여러 사람들의 추앙을 받아 온 도덕군자 신(神) 등이 남조선국과 관련된 주요 존재로 등장한다. 이는『홍길동전』에서 현실의 조선과 일련의 상관성을 갖는 율도국을 정벌해서 이상적인 정치를 펴고자했던 공간과는 다른 초월적 세계와의 교감(交感)으로 만들어진 유토피아로 남조선국이 등장하는 것이 다르다. 이에 따라 남조선국은 기존 세계와는 달리 새로 창출된 후천(後天)이라는 공간을 향해 마치 배를 타고 이 세상을 건너가 피안(彼岸)의 세계를 이어 만들어지는 이상국가가 된다. 다른 한편 해원의 방법으로 단주의 해원에서는 땅과 연관된 오선위기(五仙圍碁)혈이 과거 단주가 부친인 요로부터 받았던 바둑판과의 상관성을 갖고, 오선위기 서사가 현실의 대세와 관련되어 해원에 사용된다. 반면 길동의 해원에는 풍수나 지기의 영향 같은 면은 없고 국가체제나 사회제도에 의해 원한이 생겨 이를 해결하기위해 길동이 영웅적으로 활동하여 해원이 된다. 다음으로 존재하던 육지에서 벗어나 두 나라 모두 배를 타고 새로운 나라로 가지만 남조선국은 배를 타고 가는 과정이 율도국에 비해서 상세히 그려져 특히 남조선 뱃길이라는 용어가 등장하고 반면 『홍길동전』에는 율도국을 정벌하는 전쟁담이 자세히 그려져 있다.「남조선 뱃길」은 육로(陸路),해로(海路),상륙(上陸)이라는 과정으로 서사가 전개된다. 강증산 전승의 하층의 일반 대중들과 교감하는 서사는『홍길동전』에서 길동이 하층민의 아픔과 한을 인식하고 공유해 제도권에서 이탈하여 도적이 된 무리들과 함께 하며 그들이 잘 살 수 있는 나라를 제시하고자 했던 면에서 통하는 점이 있다. The purpose of this study on Nam-Chosunguk(남조선국) of Kang Jeung-San Story and Yuldoguk of Hong-Gil Dong Jeon is to search for utopia. First, Nam-ChosunGuk of Kang Jeung-San Story is concerned with Danju Haewon(단주해원) and Hong-Gil Dong Jeon, Gil Dong Haewon. Danju Haewon is achieved with DanjuSumyung(단주수명). DanjuSumyung is connected on Oseonwigihyul(오선위기혈) in Hoimun-mountain and There is Oseonwigi story in Oseonwigihyeol. Oseonwigi story is composed of five wizard playing a game of baduk. At last, If playing a game of baduk will finish, only one wizard have a baduk board and baduk piece. This story is based on the influence of the civilized age of Chosun in the first of the 20th and symbolizes actuality in Chosun. Second, Danju Haewon and Gil Dong Haew is achived with a way of presenting Utopia. Nam Chosun is concerned with the superiority world that is Hucheon, boating on the ship. On the other hand Hong-Gil Dong Jeon is composed of a warfare story conquering Yuldoguk The ship is operated by Cheonbongjun(전봉준) as the chief and HyeolsikCheonchuDodeokKyunja(혈식천추도덕군자) as the mate. A Nam Chosun waterway advent in Nam Chosun nation. A Nam Chosun waterway story is opened of a land route, a seaway, landing. NamChosun and Yuldoguk story are going through transforming the people of the lower classes into the common people living better.

Nam’s Method에 의한 下顎顆頭 및 頸部 骨折 處置 (II)

Il Woo Nam(南日祐) 대한구강악안면외과학회 1980 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.6 No.1

It is very difficult that the fractured condylar head and upper condylar neck have to be reduced and immobilized properly. The reduction and fixaton of the fractured those bones are so difficult to be reduced and fixated that many oral surgeons are trying to study on how to operate an adequate reduction and fixation. In spite of endeavor, lots of fragments of the fractured condylar heads frequently have been removed as so-called condylectomies because complexities of the surrounding anatomical structures make adequate reductions and fixations impossible. Thus the author has developed a new method named Dr. Nam s method in terms of oblique osteotomy, interosseous wiring extraorally, and replantation by which I have successfully treated 48 patients with fractures of the condylar head or upper part of the condylar neck of the mandibles since 1976. In order to reduce and immobilize those fractured, firstly, oblique osteotomy at the affected ascending ramus of the mandible was preceded, and secondly, the separated posterior part of the ascendingramus and fractured condylar head were carefully removed out from the body to be reduced and immobilized together extraorally, and lastly, replantations were made at the same sites. The results were drawn as follows: 1. The author successfully has treated 48 patients with the condylar head or upper condylar neck fractures by using Dr. Nam s method. 2. No intermaxillary fixation or less than 1 week intermaxillary wiring was needed after surgery. 3. The normal mouth opening and closing, and facial appearnaces could be observed in 1 month aft er surgery. 4. Traumatic injury for instance, automobile accident, was one of the commonest causes of fractures of the condylar head and upper condylar neck. 5. The features of those fractures were type I; one single fragment of upper condylar neck, Type II ; oblique. single fracture from the inner condylar head to its articular surface, and type III ; fractures with 3 pieces condylar head in the order.

박남수 시의 디아스포라적 특성 고찰

남기택(Nam, Gi-taek) 경성대학교 인문과학연구소 2014 인문학논총 Vol.34 No.-

본고는 미주지역 재미한인문학을 한민족 디아스포라문학의 한 형태로 간주하여 접근하였다. 디아스포라문학에 대해서는 다양한 범주 설정이 가능하다. 오늘날 디아스포라의 양상 자체가 폭넓게 확산되고 있는바 미주지역 이민과 그 문화적 부산물인 재미한인문학 역시 넓은 의미에서 한민족 디아스포라의 형태로 보는 것이 타당하다. 박남수는 이주 이후에도 변함없이 생의 본질을 묻는 실존적 탐구를 지속하였다. 그 과정에서 디아스포라문학으로서의 가능성 역시 보여주었다. 재미한인문단의 실정과 그에 관계되는 박남수의 문학적 이력 자체는 박남수 시를 미주지역 디아스포라문학으로 읽는 데 있어 필수적인 전제가 된다. 이주 이후 박남수 시세계에는 인종과 공간의 다양한 경계 양상이 서로 충돌하고 있다. 이러한 다각도의 인종과 공간 지평은 결과적으로 한민족 디아스포라의 운명과 유비되면서 특유의 문학적 지평을 형성하게 된다. 무엇보다 디아스포라적 사건과 장소의 형상화 양상은 한민족 디아스포라문학의 관점에서 주요하게 조명되어야 한다. 박남수 시는 한민족 디아스포라와 이주민으로서의 정체성이 여전히 구성적인 것이라는 점을 반증하고 있다. 또한 박남수 시는 재미한인문학이 전유해야 할 문학적 주제나 정체된 문학장 메커니즘의 활성화 방안을 제공한다. 재미한인문학 연구는 국문학 연구에 있어서 중요한 시의적 의미를 지닌다. 재미한인문학장은 민족국가 단위로 설정되었던 한국문학의 외연을 확장하고, 민족공동체에 대한 탈근대적 사유를 가능케 하는 물리적 기제일 수 있다. 이처럼 박남수 시는 시인의 삶으로부터 시적 주제에 이르기까지 미주지역 디아스포라문학을 대표하는 실정적 의미를 지닌다. This paper analyzes the Park Nam-soo’s poetry in the States from the perspective of diaspora. The recent growth in the Korean literature’s publication abroad demands the perspective of diaspora in the States. This paper attempts to explore the various levels of meanings of the Park Nam-soo’s poetry published in light of the Korean diaspora. The topics of Park Nam-soo’s poetry are related to the experience of space and place, the search for the placeness. It is related to the hardship of the immigrant lives and the identity questions too. Sorrow or sadness is a key feature of the immigrant situation in which the experiences in the home countries still continue to influence the immigrants. Park Nam-soo’s poetry are related to the experience of diaspora: the hardship of the immigrant lives, the identity questions, and the search for the ethnicity. Diaspora involves not only the direct territorial immigration to another country, but also the systemic imposition of the alien’s culture. Diasporic event is a key feature of the immigrant situation in which the experiences in the ethnic ommunity still continue to influence the immigrants. Especially, LA Riots of 1992 is the main subject of this paper. Such event inevitably results from diaspora. The Korean-American poetry is characterized by the diasporic meaning of the social attitude. The Korean-American poetic literature involves the systemic imposition of the alien’s field of literature. It is characterized by the complex meaning of the space and place. Its typical examples are the poetic attributes which are the appropriate spirit of the immigrant lives and ethnic identity.

최남선의 신대한(新大韓) 기획과 "로빈슨 크루소"

김남이 ( Nam Yee Kim ),하상복 ( Sang Bok Ha ) 西江大學校 東亞硏究所 2009 東亞 硏究 Vol.- No.57

광주,전남 지역의 물리치료학 전공 학생들의 임상실습만족도

조남정 ( Nam Jeong Cho ),정준성 ( June Sung Chung ) 대한통합의학회 2013 대한통합의학회지 Vol.1 No.2

Purpose : The purpose of the research is that get a cut above clinical practice effect through satisfaction of clinical training, practical training, content, oversight of training and evaluation system. Clinical training consists of part of university in Gwang Ju and Jeon nam. Method : The target of training student was studying at physiotherapy a tree or four-year-course collage in Gwang ju and Jean nam. Data collection period is from 21 November 2012 to 1 February. We explained how to do a means of collecting data and get students consent fill in questionnaire. Data collection prossed by using spss 10.1 program also independent proofs, descriptive statistics, crosstabulation, regression analysis and frequency analysis. Results : The subjects average age is 24 in general characteristic. A school system of subjects was a tree-year-course students. They were 58people(39.1%). A school system of subjects was a four-year-course students. They were 90people(60.9%).The male was 72(48.6%) and the female was 76(51.4%). We researched to know about satisfaction of clinical training, practical training, content, environment of practical establishment, trainee manage and evaluation method. All-round satisfaction of clinical training average was 1.90 Satisfaction of clinical training period and content average was 1.83Satisfaction of environment of practical establishment average was 1.88 Satisfaction of clinical training establishments` trainee manage and evaluation average was 1.94 Conclusion : It is important that student can get specific their future and can do at clinical throught clinical training after their graduation improving satisfaction of clinical training would give to impact a physical therapist reserve.

‘연암(燕巖)’이라는 고전의 형성과 그 기원(1)

김남이(Nam-Yi, Kim) 어문연구학회 2008 어문연구 Vol.58 No.-

Yeonam Ji-Won Park is widely remembered as a practical scientist and as a author of social criticism. Until now, 'Yeonam' along with other Practical scientists, represented modern way of thinking and also hallmarked the existence of the 'novelist', which entails an independent literature. This work seeks to examine the mechanism in the context and circumstance in which 'Yeonam' had developed into a classic. Yeonam's contemporaries of the 18th century who had interchanged with him and experienced his writings and thoughts all agree that he "opened a new frontier". The impact that his creative style and thinking had seems to be much more significant than could be imagined now. His works had been Heavily cited and referenced not only because of its fresh ingenuity, but also due to the great amount of knowledge they held. In the year 1900, almost 100 years after Yeonam's death, Chang-gang Taek-Young Kim published Yeonamjip twice, branding himself as a writer and ancient writing scholar superior to Yeonam. Maechon Hwang Hyun, who composed his own works to coincide with the publication of Yeonamjip showed a breakthrough in understanding through the example of Yeonam that there is not an orthodox way to literary absolution. Around 1910, Nam-Seon Cheo started a movement to excavate, preserve, and distribute Chosun's classics and to him, Yeonam's classics represented the very essence of civilized Chosun, Nam-Seon Cheo started a movement to excavate, preserve, and distribute Chosun's classics of 1910 and to him. Yeonam's classics represented the very essence of civilized Chosun. course, this was based on a nationalistic ideology and served a practical purpose. The question of what it is of Yeonam's works constitute the value of classics, had not been addressed. During the period leading to the 1920's. the works of Yeonam, oft limited by its era and complex language, had been closely analyzed, proofread, punctuated and amended to a form easy to the public In the 1930's Korean literature scholar Ki-Moon Hong, through 7 papers commenting on Park Ji won's art and thoughts, cited Park as the best literary artist of the Chosun and the Chinese cultural area. Hong, elevated Yeonam from a "classicist" to "The Polaris of Chosun literature". Other of the 1930's In-Bo Jeong, Tae-Jun Kim definitely cited and expressed "Yeonam" the way Ki-Moon Hong did. Hong showed Yeonam as the greatest man of east asia emphasizing his harsh criticism and satire of society, and his folklore of Chosun. Tae-Jun Kim showed Yeonam as Chosun's literary master and as a modern literaty genious and novelist. This is when the idea of 'Yeonam', who we recognize as a nocelist and practical scientist, had been born.

"경향(傾向)"과 "신경향파(新傾向派)"의 거리

조남현 ( Nam Hyon Cho ) 서울대학교 인문학연구원 1990 人文論叢 Vol.24 No.-

``Tendency`` has lexical meanings such as the inclination, the trend, the current, etc. and also critical meanings as an aesthetic, literary term. The tendency as a technical term was commonly used in the form of ``tendentious`` or ``tendentiousness``. The word ``tendency`` appeared first in Kim Chai-kwan`s article(1922) and the term ``tendency art`` was seen first in Im Chung-jai`s critical essay titled "A piece of writing given to the men of letters" (1923). ``New trend group`` was a word ingeniously combining the meaning as a literary current and the meaning as socialistic tendentiousness. In my opinion, the former meaning was stronger than the latter. Kim Pal-bong and Im Wha were representative theorists who eonfirmed the fact that the term and the contents of ``new trend group`` originated with Pak Young-hi. But, afterwards Kim Pal-bong maintained that he was the originator. Im Wha raised the status of ``the new trend group`` while Pak Young-hi interpreted ``the new trend group`` as the preliminary period literature. Kim Pal-bong was behind Pak in the degree of understanding of tendentiousness. Kim Nam-chon discriminated ``the new trend group literature`` from the tendency literature. Im Wha was in the same position as Kim Nam-chon, but he could not define the area of tendency literature. In case that ``the new trend group literature`` were understood as the preliminary stage, this title would be unnecessary. Instead, the expression like the first period of tendency literature would be more proper. In case that the range of tendency literature were strictly cut down, the tendency literature could be placed either in front of or behind proletariat literature.

최남선의 “조선 민족”과 단군

차남희 ( Nam Heev Cha ),이지은 ( Ji Eun Yi ) 한국사회역사학회 2014 담론 201 Vol.17 No.4

이 논문은 식민시기 최남선(崔南善, 1890-1957)의 민족 개념과 그 원형으로서의 “조선 민족”을 살펴본다. 특히 최남선은 민족을 어떻게 규정했는지, 그리고이 과정에서 단군 신화가 어떻게 다루어지고 있는지를 분석한다. 최남선은 식민지상황에서 독립을 이루기 위해서는 무엇보다 민족 정체성이 확립되어야 한다고생각하였다. 각 자가 한국인임을 자각하고 알게 될 때야 독립에 대한 의지가 확고해진다는 것이다. 최남선은 이를 “시간적 광복”이라고 보았다. 이를 위해 최남선은”조선 민족”의 원형과 그 연원을 입증하려 하였다. 최남선은 민족을 종족성과 문화, 특히 종교와 언어에 근거하여 설명한다. 최남선은 고대로부터의 민족을 상정하고, 이들이 현재까지 계승되고 있음을 주장하였다. 그리고 단군 신화를 통해 “조선 민족”이 이주하여 고조선을 건국한 역사를증명하고자 했다. 단군은 조선의 민족성 중심에 있었고, 시조로서 “조선 민족”을실체화하는 구심점이었다. 최남선은 단군으로 말미암아 조선의 민중에게 잠재되어있는 “불함신앙”을 일깨우고, 개개인 모두가 자기 각성을 통해 “조선 민족”으로부활할 것을 기대하였다. 이것이 곧 “민족 완성”이며 조선의 독립을 가능하게 하는선결 조건이라고 보았기 때문이다. This paper examines Choe Nam-Seon”s concept of the “Chosun nation” asthe archetype of Korean national identity. In particular, it focuses on how ChoeNam-Seon defines the nation and how he interprets the myth of “Dangun”-themythical figure who is believed to have founded the ancient Chosun,”Gochosun”. He argues that the first step to becoming independent from theJapanese rule is to establish a national identity because a strong desire forindependence results from a strong national identity as “the Chosun nation”. Byusing the myth of “Dangun,” he asserts that the “Chosun nation” has existed sincethe ancient period, “Dangun” has established “Gochosun”, and the nationalidentity has been succeeded to the presence. Therefore, Choe believed that thenational identity can be established through “Dangun” as the center of the”Chosun nation.” And he expected to make the people of Chosun aware of”Bulham faith” that was latent in them by “Dangun,” for he regarded it as theperfection of nation and a postulation for independence.