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니산(尼山) 남정찬(南廷瓚)의 삶과 지향 - 의령 사족으로서의 위상과 관련하여 -
김남이 ( Kim Nam Yi ) 온지학회 2021 溫知論叢 Vol.- No.66
이 논문은 경남 의령 지역 사족인 尼山 南廷瓚(1850-1900)의 문학의 특질과 지역사에서 위상을 규명한 최초의 연구이다. 본론의 주요 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학계에 처음 소개되는 만큼 남정찬의 연대기를 간략하게 정리하였다. 둘째, 『니산집』에 수록된 시를 분석하였는데 그의 삶에서 경남 단성의 신안서사, 개인 정자인 유연정, 그리고 의령 남씨 가문의 공동공간인 경모재가 중요한 의미를 갖는 곳임을 파악할 수 있었다. 이 공간에서 남정찬은 가문의 당론인 노론의 春秋大義를 외치고, 사족으로서 정체성을 유지하기 위한 학문적·윤리적 수련에 대한 의지를 표명하였다. 중앙-서울의 정계와 학계에서 소외된 상태였지만 지역의 교유망을 충분히 활용하여 사족으로서 자기 책무를 향촌에서 다하고자 했다. 셋째, 『니산집』의 체재와 구성을 통해 의령 사족으로서 남정찬과 의령 남씨 가문의 위상을 추적해 보았다. 1950년대 중반 『니산집』을 편찬한 후손들은 작품배치를 통해 남정찬과 의령 남문이 노론의 자장에 여전히 속해 있음을 드러내었다. 그러면서도 문집은 영남 남인들에게 익숙하게 전수되어 오던 체재대로 편차하였다. 문집 구성 자체에서 남인의 체재와 노론의 지향을 모두 보여준 것이다. 이같은 자연스러운 혼효는 의령 지역의 학문적·사상적 특색이다. 이는 19세기 말~20세기 초 영남의 사족들이 처한 환경이 만든 것이다. 즉 영남의 사족들은 몇 차례의 심한 정치적 굴곡을 겪으면서 중앙-서울의 학계·정계로부터 소외되었다. 조선은 일본이 침탈 야욕을 가시화하면서 외부 세력의 각축장이 되어 있었다. 이런 시대에 향촌사족으로 살면서 좁은 지역에서 당론과 당색으로 상호 대립·배제하는 것은 계층적 안정성에 심각한 위협이었다. 그래서 가문과 당론의 전통을 견지하는 한편, 한문학 전통 자산을 매개로 사족으로서 정체성과 동질성을 공유했다. 『니산집』은 그와 지역 사족의 생태적 삶의 조건과 그에 대응하기 위한 노력을 여실하게 보여주고 있다. This paper aims to identify the life and literature characteristics of Nisan Nam Jung-Chan who is sajok in Uiryeong, Gyeongnam and Nam Jung Chan’s status in history of mentality of Gyeongham. The late 19th century to early 20th century when Nam Jung-Chan lived was a period of upheaval in history of Korea and also a period of transition of civilization. Korean studies in the 20th century have described the history of this period centering on the metadiscourse in central-Seoul region. But the recognition that this does not reflect the actuality of history wholly is now shared sufficiently. This is proven by the fact that‘regionalism’ or ‘locality’is now an important topic in Korean studies and being addressed as practical research topic. This paper is a result of the study sketching the history of mentality of Gyeongnam region based on such problem recognition. The main data is 『Nisan Collection』 published by Nam Jung-Chan’s descendants in Uiryeong in 1955. The main contents of the body are as follows. First, the chronicle of Nam Jung-Chan was briefly summarized as he was introduced in the academic world for the first time. The life of an intellectual who had lived the period of upheaval of Daehan Jeguk in Chosun was reconfigured. Next, the poems in 『Nisan Collection』 were analyzed. Especially this study focused on the space where he pursued and shared studies with teachers, friends, and juniors. The space that had an important meaning in his life included Sinanseosa(Danseong, Gyeongnam), hyanggyo of Uiryeong, Yuyeonjeong (Nam Jung-Chan’s private villa), and Gyeongmojae (community space for Uiryeong Nam family). In such spaces, Nam Jung-Chan professed Noron’s strong and conservative ‘confucian thought of righteousness’ and expressed his willingness for academic and ethical training to have dignity as sajok. He tried to do his duty as an intellectual in the region where he was living by utilizing academic, blood-related, and regional networks although he is alienated from the political and academic world of Central-Seoul. In late 19th century to early 20th century, sajok(or class that controlled farmers in rural community society in late Chosun Dynasty) in Youngnam region became alienated perfectly from the academic and political world in Central-Seoul after several serious political upheavals. Japan’s plot to invade the South Korea was realized and Chosun became the arena of the struggle among the external forces. Nam Jung-Chan kept his identity and family as sajok while living as an intellectual who adhered to the value of traditional era in Gyungnam region in that period and desperately tried to preserve the rural area that was his foundation of life. His literature shows this clearly.
김남이(Nam-Yi, Kim) 어문연구학회 2008 어문연구 Vol.58 No.-
Yeonam Ji-Won Park is widely remembered as a practical scientist and as a author of social criticism. Until now, 'Yeonam' along with other Practical scientists, represented modern way of thinking and also hallmarked the existence of the 'novelist', which entails an independent literature. This work seeks to examine the mechanism in the context and circumstance in which 'Yeonam' had developed into a classic. Yeonam's contemporaries of the 18th century who had interchanged with him and experienced his writings and thoughts all agree that he "opened a new frontier". The impact that his creative style and thinking had seems to be much more significant than could be imagined now. His works had been Heavily cited and referenced not only because of its fresh ingenuity, but also due to the great amount of knowledge they held. In the year 1900, almost 100 years after Yeonam's death, Chang-gang Taek-Young Kim published Yeonamjip twice, branding himself as a writer and ancient writing scholar superior to Yeonam. Maechon Hwang Hyun, who composed his own works to coincide with the publication of Yeonamjip showed a breakthrough in understanding through the example of Yeonam that there is not an orthodox way to literary absolution. Around 1910, Nam-Seon Cheo started a movement to excavate, preserve, and distribute Chosun's classics and to him, Yeonam's classics represented the very essence of civilized Chosun, Nam-Seon Cheo started a movement to excavate, preserve, and distribute Chosun's classics of 1910 and to him. Yeonam's classics represented the very essence of civilized Chosun. course, this was based on a nationalistic ideology and served a practical purpose. The question of what it is of Yeonam's works constitute the value of classics, had not been addressed. During the period leading to the 1920's. the works of Yeonam, oft limited by its era and complex language, had been closely analyzed, proofread, punctuated and amended to a form easy to the public In the 1930's Korean literature scholar Ki-Moon Hong, through 7 papers commenting on Park Ji won's art and thoughts, cited Park as the best literary artist of the Chosun and the Chinese cultural area. Hong, elevated Yeonam from a "classicist" to "The Polaris of Chosun literature". Other of the 1930's In-Bo Jeong, Tae-Jun Kim definitely cited and expressed "Yeonam" the way Ki-Moon Hong did. Hong showed Yeonam as the greatest man of east asia emphasizing his harsh criticism and satire of society, and his folklore of Chosun. Tae-Jun Kim showed Yeonam as Chosun's literary master and as a modern literaty genious and novelist. This is when the idea of 'Yeonam', who we recognize as a nocelist and practical scientist, had been born.
김남이(Kim Nam-Yi) 동양한문학회(구 부산한문학회) 2008 동양한문학연구 Vol.26 No.-
이 글은 조선 전기의 비판적인 지식인 추강 남효온의 교유관계를 중심으로 그러한 관계망이 당대 사림파 지식인의 판도와 구성에 어떤 의미가 있는지 살펴본 것이다. 추강은 조선 개국 공신의 후손이며, 고려조 이래 병신 과 명장을 배출한 파평윤씨 가문의 사위였다. 그의 둘째 사위도 태종의 증손이었다. 『사우명행록』에 이름을 올린 인물들 중에도 종실의 인물들이 있다. 추강의 교유는 한양뿐 아니라 호남 지역의 선비들과도 이루어졌다. 그 들은 왕실과 연계되거나, 혹은 초기의 사림들에게 중요한 덕목이자 인재 천 거의 기준이 되었던 효행과 덕행을 갖춘 사람들이었다.<BR> 추강은 그러한 사우들과 평생을 풍성한 시문과 술로 사우들과 교유하였다. 그들은 점필재라는 큰 스승의 파장 안에 있으면서 동시에 각각 현실의 문제에 대응하는 방식과 생각에서 조금씩 차이를 보였다. 그로 인하여 사제 간, 혹은 동문간에도 때로는 갈등이 있었음도 분명하다. 추강이 교유했던 인물들도 이를테면 방내/외, 혹은 훈구척신과 완전히 구별되는 인물군으로만 온전하게 설정하기는 어렵다. 그리고 사림의 대척점에는 늘 훈구파가 있어서 그들간의 갈등과 대립이 부각되었으나 이 또한 실제 그들의 면면을 살피다보면 명료하게 구분되지 않는 지점들이 빈번하게 나타난다.<BR> 추강은 그가 스승으로서 배우고, 뜻을 함께 하는 사람들과의 연대 속에서 당대 조선을 명분과 도의가 살아있는 사회로 이끌어가고 싶었을 것이다. 그러한 모색의 과정, 그것이 추강에게 평생 실의와 좌절을 가져다준 것이었다 해도 새로운 사회를 꿈꾸는 사림간의 관계망을 만들어 나가고, 그를 통해 사림이 일정한 사회적 역할을 감당하도록 하는 데 기여했음은 중요하게 기억해야 할 사실이다. The thought and world views of Nam Hyo-on as a representation of the 15th-century intellect of Korea were formed under an inseparable influence of his relationships with his family, teachers and friends. A portrait of Nam Hyo-on, the critical writer of the early Joseon Dynasty who was also known by his pen name Chugang, this paper focuses on his position in his familial and social networks he belonged to as well as the influence or significance of his circle of acquaintances on the composition and territory of the contemporary Sarim faction. Chugang studied under Jeompiljae, the founder of the Yeongnam School, and associated with his teachers and friends through literary exchanges and camaraderie over drinks. His association and friendship, however, were not without conflicts from different attitudes, or responses, toward various social issues. Furthermore, the boundary of his socialization was neither confined to those who belonged to the Sarim faction, nor could be clearly defined as being opposed to its antagonistic Hungu faction-that is, the powerful group of officials whose privilege was mainly based on their meritorious deeds or status as royal in-laws.<BR> Chugang was a descendent of a meritorious official who had contributed to the founding of the Joseon Dynasty, and his wife was also from the family of a retainer of merit (the Papyeong Yun family). Chugang"s second son-in-law, Yi Chong, was from the royal family: he was the great-grandson of King Taejong. In addition, his book The Names and Deeds of My Teachers and Friends (Sawumyeonghaengnok) also lists a few persons from the royal family. For Chugang, Joseon was a nation founded by the collaboration of his ancestors.<BR> His acquaintances were not only from Hanyang, the capital, but also from Honam Province. Some of them were from the royal family, and moot others were scholars renowned for their virtuous deeds, the trait so highly respected as to serve as a standard for public employment. Chugang wished to reform the Joseon Dynasty into a society of justice and morality, and tried to pursue this dream in solidarity with people from whom he could learn and with whom he would share his goals. Although these pursuits brought him a lifetime of disappointment and frustration, there is no denying that his efforts contributed to constructing a network that enabled the Sarim faction to seek for social reform and to play an important role in the contemporary society.
초보 · 상급초보간호사의 무형식학습, 공유리더십과 조직사회화의 관계에서 자기효능감의 매개효과
김남이(Kim, Nam Yi),우정희(Woo, Chung Hee) 한국간호행정학회 2018 간호행정학회지 Vol.24 No.1
Purpose: The study was done to investigate the mediating effect of self-efficacy on the relationships between informal learning and organizational socialization and between shared leadership and organizational socialization among short career nurses. Methods: A structured self-report questionnaire was used to measure organizational socialization, informal learning, shared leadership and self-efficacy. During February, 2017, data were collected from 136 nurses working in hospitals of more than 500 beds. Data were analyzed using hierarchial multiple linear regression with the SPSS/WIN 22.0 program. Results: Informal learning, shared leadership and self-efficacy were positively correlated with organizational socialization of participants and self-efficacy was positively correlated with informal learning and shared leadership of participants. Also, self-efficacy had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between informal learning, shared leadership and organizational socialization. Conclusion: The findings indicate that organizational culture with high level of informal learning and shared leadership is an important factor for organizational socialization of short career nurses. It is also expected that self-efficacy can further promote their organizational socialization.
논문 : 조선 전기 지성사의 관점에서 본 사화(史禍) - 조선 전기 한문학 연구의 새로운 방향 수립을 위한 탐색
김남이 ( Nam Yi Kim ) 민족문학사학회·민족문학사연구소 2014 민족문학사연구 Vol.56 No.-
한 나라의 체제를 갖춘다는 점에서 역사서의 편찬은 문명 구성의 핵심이 된다. 역사서의 편찬은 사회·정치·문화·지리·예악 등 문명의 모든 분야를 포괄하는 사안이기 때문이다. 역사서의 편찬 과정은 역사 인식, 역사 기술의 방식, 그리고 역사 기록의 주체로서 史官의 문제를 환기했다. 조선 전기에, 처음에 역사 문제는 『고려사』와 실록 편찬을 위한 사관 ‘제도’의 문제에서 출발하여 점차로 기록 주체와 기록 대상의 도덕성에 대한 판단, 준엄한 도덕적 평가를 관철시키는 문제를 둘러싼 신진의 지성과 기존 세력 사이의 갈등으로 번져 나갔다. 그리고 이것은 단지 정치적인 숙청[士禍], 즉 사옥(史獄)과 사화(史禍)를 일으킨 정치적인 갈등으로서 부정적인 함의만을 남기지 않았다. 더 중요한 것은 이 과정이 조선 전기의 문명을 구성하고 변화시켜 나가는 주체, 즉 조선 전기 지성의 형성과 직결되었다는 사실이다. 이 글의 기본 관점은, 이처럼 역사를 기록하는 주체로서의 경험과 인식은 조선전기, 당대의 지성의 성장과 변화에 중요한 변곡점이 되었다는 것이다. 이 글은 조선 전기 지성의 중요한 ‘역사 경험’으로 두 가지 사안을 다루었다. 하나는 1469년(예종1) 기축사옥(己丑史獄)으로, 『세조실록』을 편찬하는 과정에서 차원에서 촉발된 역사문제들과 그 실천의 주체로서 사관의 의식이 드러난다. 다음은 1498년(연산군4) 무오사화로, 기축사옥 이래 사관으로서의 인식과 실천이 어떤 지점까지 나아갔는지, 그 변화의 정도를 확인할 수 있다. 특히 1498년의 무오사화에서는 ‘과거사’라고 할, 세조대의 일이 첨예한 사안이 되었다. 기축사옥과 무오사화라는, 30년을 사이에 둔 두 사화(史禍)에서 사관과 대신들이 보여준 태도는 매우 중요한 점을 제기한다. 기축사옥은 『세조실록』의 편찬으로 발생한 필화(筆禍)였다. ‘세조’라는, 명분상의 문제를 가진 왕과, 그런 왕의 정치를 비호하던 세조 측근의 신하들이 역사 기록의 대상이 되는 사안이었다. 게다가 사필(史筆)의 기본인‘무기명(無記名)’의 원칙이 갑자기 ‘기명(記名)’으로 바뀌었다. 이것이 기축사옥의 발단이 되었다. 그리하여 대신의 위세에 두려움을 느낀 사관들이 사초를 집단적으로 수정하고, 그로 인해 사관들이 처벌(죽음)을 받았던 사건이었다. 이 사옥에서 사관들은 자기의 사필을 어느선까지 관철시킬 수 있는가, 그에 대한 이념적·실천적 임계점을 드러냈다. 30년 뒤, 1498년의 무오사화에서 사초를 고치기를 원한 것은 반대로 대신(大臣)들이었다. 반면, 사관들은 자기 사필의 정당성을 삼대(三代)의 사관에서 공자의 『춘추(春秋)』, 그리고 좌구명(左丘明)의 『좌전(左傳)』으로 이어지는 역사의 정통 계보에서 주장했다. 사관들이 자기의 사필을 정당하게 인식하고, 그것의 근거를 역사의 정통에서 찾아내어 원칙을 관철하려는 힘은 훨씬 투철해져 있었던 것이다. 그 근저에는 새로운 지성들이 자기들만의 정보와 공론(公論)으로 만들어 갔던 역사에 대한 새로운 인식과 평가의 논리가 작동하고 있었다. 그 결과 이들 새로운 지성들은 ‘도덕적 존재’로서 자기정체성을 전면에 부각하며 그 타자로 ‘훈구(勳舊)’라 불리던, 기성의 지성들을 설정하였다. 이처럼, 기축사옥과 무오사화는 조선 전기 지성의 성장과 변화의 지점을 뚜렷하게 드러낸다는 지성사적 위상을 갖고 있다. History compilation becomes the core of composition of civilization in the sense of establishing the system of a country, because the compilation of history is the comprehensive issue covering all the fields related to civilization such as society, politics, culture, geography, manners and music and so on. The process of history compilation called attention to the issues of history consciousness, ways of describing history, and court-diaristsas the subjects who were in charge of recording history. The issue of history compilation which originally begun from the issue of the archives management and the court-diarists system in the early Joseon Dynasty gradually became the conflicts between new intellectuals and the old ruling power group on the issues of judgement on the moralityof the subjects who were in charge of recording history and the objects of the history of the days, and of attainments of strict moral evaluation. However, this was not just merely negative entailment as political conflicts which caused political purges such as historicalcrimes and Sahwa(士禍). More importantly, this process became the initiative for the establishment and development of the civilization in the early Joseon Dynasty and became directly related to the formation of intellectuals of the days. The main focus of this article is to show that the experience and awareness as the main subjects of history compilation became the crucial breakpoint in the growth and change of intellectuals during the early Joseon Dynasty. This article deals with two important ‘historical events’ of intellectuals in the early Joseon Dynasty. One was ‘Gichuksaok(己丑史獄)’ which happened in the year of 1469(Yejong1) and this event showed court-diarists attitudes as the main subjects of practice and historical issues caused in the process of compilation of Sejosillok(世祖實錄) The other event was ‘Muosahwa(戊午士禍) which happened in the year of 1498 (Yeonsankun4) and this event confirmed the court-diarists’ progress of their consciousness and practice to a certainpoint since ‘Gichuksaok’. In particular, the events, which happened in the period ofKing Sejo(世祖) and was considered past history, became very acute issues from the eventin the year of 1498, the year of Muo(戊午). The attitudes of the court-diarists and the ruling party posed a very important issue from two Sahwas (i.e., ‘Gichuksaok’ and ‘Muosahwa’)which happened in the years of 1469 and 1498 respectively. ‘Gichuksaok’ was an affair brought on by the compilation of Sejosillok, which was the event that ‘King Sejo’ and the ruling party supporting his grasping political power became the object of recording history. Furthermore, the principle and basis of Historical Manuscripts which should be recorded anonymously turned into a registered system all of a sudden and became theorig in of ‘Gichuksaok’. This made court-diarists feel afraid of the ruling party’s authority and thus revise the Historical Manuscripts collectively, which ended in their death penalty. This Sahwa showed how much the court-diarists could record history in an honesty way and the limitations of their ideological and practical approaches on history. Thirty years later, it was the ruling power that wanted to revise the Historical Manuscripts on the contrary. On the other hand, the court-diarists found their historical legitimacy about the Historical Manuscripts from the authentic history which was connected from the historiographers ‘Samdae’ to the Chunchu(春秋) of Gongja(孔子) and eventually to the Jwajun(左傳)of Jwagumyung(左丘明). Young court-diarists were rightfully aware of their own way of recording history and therefore their power to attain the fundamental principle became much stronger through the recognition of the grounds from historical tradition. The new recognition and the logic of evaluation about the history which had been established by their own information and public opinion created by young intellectuals were operated at the root of this phenomenon. As a result, those young intellectuals revealed their ownidentity as ‘moral beings’ in the foreground and selected old intellectuals called ‘Hungu’(勳舊) as the opposite party. In this way, ‘Gichuksaok’ and ‘Muosahwa’ had important status inthe history of intellectuals in that those events clearly revealed the crucial breakpoint in the growth and change of intellectuals during the early Joseon Dynasty.
춘정 변계량의 삶의 자세와 학문의 목표-한시를 통해 본 여말선초 지식인의 학적 지향과 내면 행로-
김남이 ( Kim¸ Nam Yi ) 한서대학교 동양고전연구소 2021 동방학 Vol.- No.45
이 논문의 목표는 여말 선초의 격변기를 살았던 관료 문인으로서 춘정 변계량의 면모를 보다 종합적이고 입체적으로 파악하는 것이다. 이를 위해 설정한 주요 논제는 두 가지이다. 첫째, 『춘정집』에 부쳐진 서발문자를 자료로 하여 춘정의 학문과 문학을 당대 및 후대에 어떻게 평가했는지 살피는 것이다. 둘째, 춘정 생애의 중요한 국면과 그때 쓰여진 작품들을 연계하여 내적 행로를 추적하는 것이다. 이를 통해 몇 개의 필기 잡록을 중심으로 조선시대 내내 재생산되었던 춘정에 대한 편향된 평가의 실체를 재검토하고, 그의 상(像)을 다시 재구하는 계기를 만들고자 하였다. Ⅱ장에서는 『춘정집』의 서발문을 자료로 춘정에 대한 평가를 살폈다. 춘정의 학문 계보는 정몽주-이숭인-권근으로 표명되는데, 특히 『대학』 『중용』이 강조되었다. 이는 양촌-춘정 사이에 계승된 학맥의 실체를 보여준다. Ⅲ장에서는 춘정의 한시 중 연대를 추적할 수 있는 작품들을 중심으로 그의 내면 행로와 가치관을 분석하였다. 고려-조선의 역사적 변혁에서 춘정은 대의와 애민이라는 유교적 명분을 자신의 행로를 결정하는 가치로 삼으면서 유학자로서 실천적 면모를 보여주었다. 관료로서의 생활은 자기 내면의 지향과 현실의 차이로 인한 갈등이 뚜렷했다. 그러나 이 또한 철저한 학적 자세를 견지한 반본(返本)과 경세의 강한 의지로 해소되었다. 이로써 우리는 여말 선초 역사의 갈림길에서, 자기 내면과 현실의 갈등 속에서 유학적 가치를 근간으로 현실과 분투했던 한 지식인의 내면 행로를 다소나마 이해할 수 있다. The purpose of this paper is to identify the character of Chunjeong, who was a literature bureaucrat who lived in a tremulous time of history during the end of the Goryeon Dynasty and start of the Joseon Dynasty, in a more comprehensive and dimensional manner. There are two main subjects for this. The first is to examine how Chunjeong’s academics and literature were evaluated using the prologues and epilogues attached to the Chungjeongjip(春亭集). The second is on tracking the internal journeys by linking the major incidents of Chunjeong’s life and the works that he wrote during those times. Through this, the biased evaluations on Chunjeong that were reproduced throughout the Joseon Dynasty focusing on his free-flowing essays and pamphlets were reviewed in order to create an opportunity to reorganize his image. In Chapter II, evaluations on Chunjeong were made using the prologue and epilogue of Chunjeongjip and various records. The academic pedigree of Chunjeong is best represented by Jung Mong-joo, Lee Seung-in and Kwon Geun, and they especially emphasized daxue(大學) and zhongyong(中庸). This is related to the academic features of Kwon Geun writing the Iphakdoseol to help beginning scholars study daxue and zhongyong, and therefore, it clearly shows the academic pedigree relations. Chapter III analyzed his inner journeys and values focusing on works that could track the timeline among the Hansi(漢詩) of Chunjeong. During the historical revolution of changing from Goryeo to Joseon, Chunjeong set the Confucian ideals of great cause and sympathy for the common people as the value that would determine his actions, and taught by example as a Confucian scholar. He also expressed his life as a Joseon person and Joseon bureaucrat that began through a Hansi(漢詩), and the conflicts he experienced due to the differences of his inner inclinations and reality became clear. But this was also accepted as his will to achieve his hopes to use fundamental values as the basis for all actions and thoughts, and to awaken the public.
계면활성제 흡착 및 열처리를 이용한 실리카 에어로겔의 표면 개질
김남이(Nam Yi Kim),김성우(Seong Woo Kim) 한국유화학회 2009 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.27 No.3
In preparation of silica aerogel-based hybrid coating materials, the combination of hydrophobic aerogel with organic polar binder material is shown to be very limited due to dissimilar surface property between two materials. Accordingly, the surface modification of the aerogel would be required to obtain compatibilized hybrid coating sols with homogeneous dispersion. In this study, the surface of silica aerogel particles was modified by using both surfactant adsorption and heat treatment methods. Four types of surfactants with different molecular weights and HLB values were used to examine the effect of chain length and hydrophilicity. The surface property of the modified aerogel was evaluated in terms of visible observation for aerogel dispersion in water, water contact angle measurement, and FT-IR analysis. In surface modification using surfactants, the effects of surfactant type and content, and mixing time as process parameter on the degree of hydrophilicity for the modified aerogel. In addition, the temperature condition in modification process via heat treatment was revealed to be significant factor to prepare aerogel with highly hydrophilic property.
김남이(Kim, Nam Yi) 한국간호행정학회 2020 간호행정학회지 Vol.26 No.2
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze factors related to patient safety incidents by analyzing "2018 patient safety report data" for Korea, and to prepare a plan for preventing patient safety incidents. Methods: Analysis was done for 2018 patient safety report data’ published in 2019. In 2018, 9,250 patient safety incidents were reported, and for this study data (3,757) from hospitals with more than 500 beds were analyzed. SPSS 25.0 was used for the crosstabulation analysis and multinominal logistic regression. Results: There were no factors affecting the sentinel event. The main factors of adverse events were age, patient room, treatment room, day duty of nurses, falls, transfusions, and medication. Conclusion: In order to prevent patient safety incidents, elderly patients should receive verbal and nonverbal communication that will help them understand the complexity of the disease. Finding ways to reduce nurse overtime and reduce human error by computerizing patient monitoring systems, fall prevention activities, and patient safety regulations and procedures are necessary.
조선전기 두시(杜詩) 이해의 지평과 『두시언해(杜詩諺解)』 간행의 문학사적 의미
김남이(Kim, Nam Yi) 동악어문학회 2012 동악어문학 Vol.58 No.-
이 논문은 조선 전기 시단에서 두시에 대한 학습과 탐구, 번역은 어떤 맥락 위에 있었는지를 살핀 것이다. 그 전사(前史)로서 『두시언해』 이전의 두시집 간행에서부터 성종조 『두시언해』의 간행에 이르기까지 그에 참여한 사람들의 면면과 그들의 관계를 구체적으로 재구해 보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 이 글에서는 첫째 조선 전기에 간행된 두시집들이 중국문학사의 맥락에서 어떤 의미를 갖는지, 그 간행 주체들의 위상과 영향력을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 둘째로는 중국과 조선에서 두시집의 간행에 관여했던 사람들의 발언을 통해 그 의미를 살폈다. 이를 통해 조선 전기의 두시에 대한 지식과 이해의 지평은 지역과 사제간의 계보, 가학으로 연결되어 있던 통로를 통해서 공유, 확산되고 있음을 확인했다. 그리고 성종조 『두시언해』 작업 및 간행에 관여한 홍문관 관원들의 면면을 살핌으로써 점필재 김종직을 중심으로 하는 하나의 그룹을 이룬 지식인들이 이 시기 두시에 대한 이해와 『두시언해』 작업에서 중요하나 위상을 차지하였다는 점을 확인하였다. 이들은 사장(詞章)을 일삼는다는 조정의 거센 비판에 대항해 가며 두보의 시를 유가적 문학의 전범으로 만들어 가는 과정을 함께 고민했다. 그 결과로 이루어진 『두시언해』의 간행은 두시에 대한 지식과 이해를 국가 공인의 표준화된 체계로 제시한 의미가 있다. 김종직과 일련의 젊은 선비들은 성정에 근본 한 바른 인간 정신을, 연마된 형식 속에서 세련되게 표현할 수 있는 가능성을 두시에서 찾았다. 이를 통해, 조선 전기 시단의 변화가 ‘두보’라는 기표, 그리고 그 기표를 중심으로 새로운 시학을 이끌어 갔던 사람들이 중요한 하나의 축을 이루었다는 점을 확인할 수 있다. 그러나 이 글은 두시에 대한 ‘번역’, 특히 『두시언해』가 이루어지기까지 그 전사(前史)에 치우친 한계가 있다. 이후의 연구에서 『두시언해』를 중심에 놓고, 그 구체적인 번역과 번역의 맥락을 문화사적 차원에서 고구함으로써 신진 사림이 기존의 훈구 관료와 차별화되는 지점을 명시하고, 그것이 새로운 지식인의 형성과 문학/문화의 흐름에서 갖는 의미를 파악하는 것은 추후의 논의를 통해 밝혀가고자 한다. This research investigated learning, research and translation of Dubo’s poem in poetry society in the early Joseon Dynasty. And it studied various sides and relationships of people who participated in the publication of Dubo"s poem collection before as pre-history(前史) up to the publication of in the era of King SeongJong. First, it examined the meaning of Dubo"s poem collection for Chinese literature history in the early Joseon Dynasty by focusing on the status and influence of main agents of the publication. Second, it examined its meaning by studying remarks of people who participated in the publication of Dubo"s poem collection in China and Joseon. The knowledge prospect of understanding on Dubo"s poem in the early Joseon Dynasty were shared and spread through the path connected to pedigree and family scholarship of region and between teachers and students. And among government officials in Hongmoongwan(Royal ministry of history and research) who participated in work and publication of during the era of King SeongJong, the intellectuals with Jong-jik Kim(Pil-jae Jeom) reveal as an interesting group. As resisting hard criticism of the imperial court that they do Sajang (literature and writing, 詞章) habitually, they worried together about the process of making Dubo"s poem to the model of Confucius literature. As a result, the publication of suggested the knowledge and understanding on Dubo"s poem by standardized system of an official approval. In Dubo"s poem, Jong-jik Kim and young scholars found the possibility to sophistically express the right human mind based on nature in an improved form Therefore, the research confirmed that the people who led new poetics with a signifier called ‘Dubo’ as a center brought the change in poetry society of the early Joseon Dynasty.