MOS interface에서 trapping을 고려한 Capacitance와 Conductance

高光鍊,金相衡,李元澤,趙南賢 건국대학교 1985 論文集 Vol.21 No.1

The trapping of electrons and holes at a semiconductor surface by traps is located in the oxide adjacent to the semiconductor. The trappings are applied to yield the conductance and capacitance of MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) device, and also the frequency and bias dependence of an MOS capacitor. And the flucuations are considered to be generated by interface charge nonuniformities. Interface state parameters are studied here in MOS capacitors over a wide range of energy by conductance and capacitance. The density of interface states are founded to be function of energy.

<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection and histological changes in siblings of young gastric cancer patients

Nam, Ji Hyung,Choi, Il Ju,Cho, Soo‐,Jeong,Kim, Chan Gyoo,Lee, Jong Yeul,Nam, Su Youn,Park, Sook Ryun,Kook, Myeong‐,Cherl,Nam, Byung‐,Ho,Kim, Young‐,Woo Blackwell Publishing Asia 2011 Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology Vol.26 No.7

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Background and Aim: </B> <I>Helicobacter pylori</I> infection is a risk factor for gastric cancer. We evaluated whether <I>H. pylori</I> infection and premalignant histological changes are more prevalent in siblings of young gastric cancer patients.</P><P><B>Methods: </B> Young (age ≤ 40) gastric cancer patients (<I>n</I> = 185), their young siblings (<I>n</I> = 130), and young control participants (<I>n</I> = 287) were recruited. <I>H. pylori</I> infection and histological changes were assessed using the updated Sydney system in biopsy specimens from three regions. We analyzed the association of <I>H. pylori</I> infection and histological changes with gastric cancer using logistic regression analysis.</P><P><B>Results: </B> The <I>H. pylori</I> infection rate was significantly higher in young cancer patients than their siblings (odds ratio [OR] = 2.42, <I>P</I> = 0.001) or control participants (OR = 3.60, <I>P</I> < 0.001). In <I>H. pylori</I>‐infected subjects, corpus gastritis and premalignant changes of the corpus lesser curvature (LCv) were also more prevalent in patients than in siblings or controls. In terms of the antrum, intestinal metaplasia was more prevalent in <I>H. pylori</I>‐infected patients than in siblings or controls, while atrophy was not affected. Siblings also had a higher <I>H. pylori</I> infection rate (OR = 1.60, <I>P</I> = 0.046) and higher prevalence of intestinal metaplasia at the corpus LCv (OR = 2.88, <I>P</I> = 0.027) than control participants.</P><P><B>Conclusions: </B> Even in young adults, <I>H. pylori</I> infection is a risk factor for gastric cancer. Young adults with histological findings including corpus predominant gastritis, corpus atrophy, or intestinal metaplasia are at increased risk. Since young siblings share risk factors, screening and treatment should be considered for these family members.</P>

초등학교의 공문서 처리 실태 분석

조성구(Cho Seoung-gu),곽경련(Kwak Gyeong-ryun),홍창남(Hong Chang-nam),이쌍철(Lee Ssang-cheol) 한국교육행정학회 2009 敎育行政學硏究 Vol.27 No.4

과학문화콘텐츠 구성을 기반으로 한 융합형 교육 프로그램의 개발 방안

조남민(Nam-Min Cho),김소륜(So-Ryun Kim),손달임(Dal-lim Son) 한국콘텐츠학회 2015 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.15 No.1

최근 우리 사회 전반에서 융복합의 개념이 새로운 가치 창출의 가능성으로 주목받게 되면서, 지식 통합에 대한 요구도 점차 확장되고 있다. 지식과 학문 분야에서 시대적 요구가 변화함에 따라 인재가 갖추어야 할 역량은 물론, 새로운 인재를 양성하기 위한 교육의 패러다임도 바뀌고 있는 것이다. 특히 이공계 대학에서는 전공 지식의 습득을 넘어, 종합적 사고력과 협동 학습 능력을 갖춘 인재 양성을 목표로 ‘학제 간 융복합 교육’이 확대 실시되고 있는 추세이다. 전공 지식과 현장 실무 능력을 강조함으로써 취업률을 높이는 것만이 아니라, 학생들에게 발견적?창의적?융합적 사고의 바탕이 되는 인문학적 교양과 세계관에 대한 이해를 제공하기 위해서이다. 그러나 현재 전공 및 교양 교육 차원에서 개설된 융합 교과목의 대부분은 타 학문 분야의 지식이나 이론을 소재나 화제로 활용함으로써, 단편적인 지식 습득 차원에 머무르는 경향이 강하다. 이에 본고에서는 과학기술 분야와 인문학 분야의 지식을 균형적으로 통합하여 종합적으로 사고함으로써, 지식 습득에서 한 단계 더 나아가 지식을 응용?재창조 할 수 있는 ‘융합형 교육 프로그램’을 구안(具案)하였다. 이 프로그램은 문화콘텐츠의 창조를 전제했을 때 유용한 ‘과학기술’과 ‘문화 원형’에 대한 이해를 제공하고, 습득된 지식을 가치 있는 결과물로 도출하기 위한 방법으로 ‘스토리텔링’ 학습을 제안한다. 이를 통해 학습자는 과학 기술과 인문 분야를 융합할 수 있는 매개인 ‘과학문화콘텐츠’를 구성하기 위한 교육을 제공 받게 된다. 이로써 전공 지식에 대한 탐구와 응용을 시도하는 가운데, 논리적?창의적 사고를 진작하게 될 것이다. 더불어 그간 과학과 인문학이라는 두 영역을 대상으로 한 ‘다학제적 교육’이 갖는 한계를 극복할 수 있으리라 본다. Recently there are growing needs and demand to enhance ‘Unity of knowledge’ as the concept of “Creating new value through integration and convergence” is developing rapidly in many different areas in the society. This also has significant implication to education. Especially, it requires paradigm shift in terms of required capabilities and qualifications for the students with science major. To accommodate this trend, Natural Sciences and Engineerings College has been increasing convergence education which focus on cultivating creative and cooperative learning capabilities as well as acquiring fundamental knowledge of individual majors. However, convergence education developed and implemented by Sciences college or liberal education so far has been mechanical combination of knowledge from different academic fields?not effectively integrated and interdisciplinary education. Given this situation, this research is to develop and propose a “convergence education program based on the development of scientific and cultural contents” as an education tool to enhance capabilities to apply and re-create integrated knowledge as well as acquire and learn existing knowledge. Education program developed in this research aims to achieve two different and sequential capabilities. First is to understand ‘Science and Technology’ and ‘Cultural Archetype’ which would be essential and useful to create cultural contents. Second is to develop capabilities to convert this understanding into cultural contents?a storytelling capability. This education program is differentiated in that it defines cultural contents as a medium to converge and integrate science and technology and humanities. By leveraging the concept of cultural content and storytelling, this education program would be able to overcome restrictions of existing interdisciplinary approach. Also, this program would encourage students to try in-depth research and new applications, and develop logical and creative thinking.

Molecular Genetic Analysis of Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis

Woo, Hye-Ryun,Lee, Ung,Cho, Sung-Whan,Lim, Pyung-Ok,Nam, Hong-Gil The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2000 식물생명공학회지 Vol.27 No.4

Senescence is a sequence of biochemical and physiological events that lead to death of a cell, organ, or whole organism. Senescence is now clearly regarded as a genetically determined and evolutionarilly acquired developmental process comprising the final stage of development. However, in spite of the biological and practical importance, genetic mechanism of senescence has been very limited. Through forward and reverse genetic approaches, we are trying to reveal the molecular and genetic mechanism of senescence in plants, employing leaf organs of Arabidopsis as a model system. Using forward genetic approach, we have initially isolated several delayed senescence mutants either from T-DNA insertional lines or chemical-mutagenized lines. In the case of ore 4 and ore 9 mutants, the mutated genes were identified. The recent progress on characterization of mutants and identification of the mutated genes will be reported. We are also screening mutations from other various sources of mutant pools, such as activation tagging lines and promoter trap lines. Two dominant senescence-delayed mutants were isolated from the activation tagging pool. Cloning of the genes responsible for this phenotype is in progress. For reverse genetic approach, the genes that induced during leaf senescence were first isolated by differential screening method. We are currently using PCR-based suppression subtractive hybridization, designed to enrich a cDNA library for rare differentially expressed transcripts. Using this method, we have identified over 35 new sequences that are upregulated at leaf senescence stage. We are investigating the function of these novel genes by systemically generating antisense lines.

흡연력을 고려한 궤양성 대장염 발생과 충수 절제술 사이의 상관 관계

남승우,양석균,정훈용,심기남,조병동,김승용,박의련,홍원선,민영일 大韓消化器病學會 1998 大韓消化器病學會誌 Vol.32 No.1

A monitoring system for axonal growth dynamics using micropatterns of permissive and Semaphorin 3F chemorepulsive signals

Ryu, Jae Ryun,Kim, June Hoan,Cho, Hyo Min,Jo, Youhwa,Lee, Boram,Joo, Sunghoon,Chae, Uikyu,Nam, Yoonkey,Cho, Il-Joo,Sun, Woong The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019 Lab on a chip Vol.19 No.2

<P>Neurons reach their correct targets by directional outgrowth of axons, which is mediated by attractive or repulsive cues. Growing axons occasionally cross a field of repulsive cues and stop at intermediate targets on the journey to their final destination. However, it is not well-understood how individual growth cones make decisions, and pass through repulsive territory to reach their permissive target regions. We developed a microcontact printing culture system that could trap individual axonal tips in a permissive dot area surrounded by the repulsive signal, semaphorin 3F (Sema3F). Axons of rat hippocampal neurons on the Sema3F/PLL dot array extended in the checkboard pattern with a significantly slow growth rate. The detailed analysis of the behaviors of axonal growth cones revealed the <I>saccadic</I> dynamics in the dot array system. The trapped axonal tips in the permissive area underwent growth cone enlargement with remarkably spiky filopodia, promoting their escape from the Sema3F constraints with straight extension of axons. This structured axonal growth on the dot pattern was disrupted by increased inter-dot distance, or perturbing intracellular signaling machineries. These data indicate that axons grow against repulsive signals by jumping over the repulsive cues, depending on contact signals and intracellular milieu. Our study suggests that our dot array culture system can be used as a screening system to easily and efficiently evaluate ECM or small molecule inhibitors interfering growth cone dynamics leading to controlling axonal growth.</P>

거주지역에 따른 일부노인의 영양소 섭취 평가에 관한 연구

박혜련,조경자,임영숙,남희정 명지대학교 자연과학연구소 1999 자연과학논문집 Vol.18 No.-

본 연구는 서울시 양천구 복지회관을 이용하는 노인들과 경기도 용인지역 노인저의 노인들을 대상으로 영양섭위상태에 차이가 있는지 분석하고자 하였다. 연구방법으로는 설문조사를 통한 횡단연구가 실시되었고 연구요소는 24시간 회상을 통한 영양소 섭취조사, 체위측정, 설문지를 이용한 사회경제적 변수, 가족 환경적 변수, 흡연과 음주, 운동정도, 질병보유 상태등으로 구성되었고, 지역별로 영양섭취상태와 각각의 변수의 상관관계를 분석하였고 지역간의 차이도 분석하였다. 도시노인(양천거주노인) 은 농촌노인(용인거주노인)에 비해 열량, 단백질, 칼슘, 인, 비타민A, 리보플라빈, 나이아신 섭취량이 좋았으며(P<0.05), 하루 섭취하는 식품의 수도 많았다(P<0.05). 두 군간의 식품군별 섭취빈도 분석에서는 육류군, 과일군, 뼈째먹는 생선, 우유군의 섭취빈도가 도시노인이 농촌노인에 배해 높은 것으로 나타났다(P<0.05) 사회 및 환경변인과 영양소 섭취 실태와의 상관성 분석결과를 보면 경제능력이 좋을수록, 하루 섭취하는 식품의 수가 많을수록 열량, 단백질, 칼슘, 인, 철, 비타민 A, 리보플라빈, 티아민, 니이아신의 섭취가 좋은 것으로 나타났고(P<0.05), 식사규칙성을 포함한 각각의 식품군별 섭취빈도와도 높은 상관관계를 보였으며(P<0.05) 이는 거주지역으로 볼때 도시지역 노인이 더 우수하였다. This study was carried out to compare the nutrients intakes, food group intakes and nutritional status of the two groups of elderly residing in urban area (n=105) and rural area(n=177) in Yongin area. The results obtained by cross-sectional survey research method using questionnaires are as follows. 1) The average age of the subjects were 71.9 years and there was no difference in age according to the residential areas. 2) Intakes of energy, protein, Fe, vitamin A, niacin, thiamin, riboflavin, and vitamin C were higher in urban elderly (P<0.05) than those of rural elderly. 3) The average daily intakes of energy, protein, Ca and Fe of the subjects were lower than those of the Korean RDAs in general and rural elderly showed more severe deficiency. 4) Individual Nutrient intakes and food group intakes were related to the monthly pocket money allowance, number of foods taken daily, education level, residential area, and degree of exercise, which suggested the needs of nutrition education for low-income, rural elderly.

Uterine artery embolization for the treatment of patients with placenta accreta spectrum disorders who underwent pregnancy termination in the second trimester : a case report

( Hae Joong Cho ),( Ha Kyung Oh ),( Seong Nam Park ),( Bong Hyeon Kim ),( Byoung Ryun Kim ),( Sung-nam Moon ) 대한산부인과학회 2020 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.106 No.-

A 26-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 0, visited the hospital 2 weeks after an artificial abortion at 16 weeks of gestational age with vaginal bleeding. Vaginal sonographic findings were a blood vessel-rich mass infiltrating the anterior uterine wall, so it was considered placenta accreta. We first tried methotrexate treatment, but at follow-up sonography it was no remarkable change from the time of visit. After the patient is asked for the informed consent, both uterine artery embolization was performed. 2 days after embolization, ultrasound showed definite decrease in blood flow of mass, and the patient was discharged. A week after discharge, the sonographic findings were normal uterus. Placenta accreta spectrum in the second trimester can be a cause of hysterectomy when there is massive vaginal bleeding after abortion, and it is a difficult problem when the patient wants to preserve the uterus. When encountering the same case as the patient described above, selective uterine artery embolization can be a therapeutic strategy to preserve the uterus.

발효 조건이 막걸리 술덧 유래 다당의 면역자극 활성에 미치는 효과

이영경(Young Kyoung Rhee),남소현(So-Hyun Nam),김혜련(Hye-Ryun Kim),조장원(Chang-Won Cho),이영철(Young-Chul Lee),김영찬(Young-Chan Kim),홍희도(Young-Chan Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 2014 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.43 No.12

본 연구에서는 가장 대중적인 한국의 전통주 막걸리의 제조과정이 기능성 분획에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 하였다. Saccharomyces cerevisae 균주별, 발효온도별, 발효기간 별로 다르게 만든 막걸리로부터 ethanol 침전법을 이용해 crude polysaccharides(CP-M)를 분리하여 peritoneal macrophage 활성화 효과와 세포 배양액 중의 interleukin(IL)-6와 -12 농도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. S. cerevisae 89-1-1, 98-2, 268-3, 113-4의 4가지 효모 중 S. cerevisae 113-4로 발효한 CP-M을 peritoneal macrophage에 10 ㎍/mL 처리했을 때 세포 배양액 중 nitric oxide(NO) 농도 33.3 ㎛로 가장 높았으며, IL-6와 -12의 농도 역시 116.3 pg/mL와 59.8 pg/mL로 가장 높게 나타났다. S. cerevisae 113-4를 접종하여 온도별로 발효한 발효물에서 분리한 CP-M 중 25℃에서 발효 후 얻은 CP-M을 peritoneal macrophage 세포에 처리했을 때, NO 농도가 Control 대비 2.7∼3.3배, IL-6 농도는 5.7배까지 증가하였다. 그러나 15, 20, 30℃에서 발효하여 얻은 CP-M의 경우 peritoneal macrophage의 NO와 IL-6 생성량에는 Control(무처리구)과 비교하여 영향이 없었다. 발효기간별 영향을 관찰한 결과 5일째 술덧에서 분리한 CP-M에 의한 NO 생성량이 가장 높아 0일째 MCP에 비해 2.2배 증가하였다. 그러나 급격하게 IL-6와 -12의 농도가 감소한 10일째 MCP를 제외하고는 발효기간에 따른 IL-6와 -12의 유의적인 농도 차이는 없었다. 이상의 결과에서 가장 활성이 좋은 발효 조건은 S. cerevisae 113-4를 접종하여 25℃에서 5일간 발효시킨 술덧의 CP-M이었다. 이때 CP-M의 조성은 neutral sugar 함량 78.6%, acidic polysaccharide 11.6%, 단백질 9.8%였다. 특히 neutral sugar의 구성당 비율은 mannose 47.8 ㏖e%, glucose 29.6 ㏖e%, galactose 12.7 ㏖e%였다. 이상의 결과에서 면역증강 활성이 있는 기능성 조다당 CP- M은 mannose 함량이 높은 yeast 유래의 extracellular polysaccharide로 추정하였다. Various microorganisms are involved in the fermentation of Mageoli, Korean traditional liquor. Among them, the most predominant microorganism is yeast, including Saccharomyces cerevisae. This study investigated the effects of crude polysaccharides separated from Mageoli mash (CP-M) on activation of peritoneal macrophages in cell culture medium. Four types of yeasts, S. cerevisae 89-1-1, 98-2, 268-3, and 113-4, were used. When peritoneal macrophages were treated with 10 ㎍/mL of CP-M fermented with S. cerevisae 113-4, the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in the medium was highest (33.3 ㎛). The concentrations of IL-6 and -12 were also highest at 116.3 pg/mL and 59.8 pg/mL, respectively. In the case of CP-M cultured at 15, 20, and 30℃ after inoculation with S. cerevisae 113-4 and fermented at different temperatures, production of NO and IL-6 by peritoneal macrophages did not change compared to the control. For CP-M obtained after fermentation at 25℃, however, NO concentration increased 2.7~3.3 fold and IL-6 concentration by 5.7 fold compared to the control. Furthermore, the effect of fermentation period on expression of CP-M functionality was examined. NO production by CP-M of the 5th day mash was highest, increasing 2.2 fold compared to 0-day CP-M. However, there were no significant differences in concentration of IL-6 or -12 according to different fermentation periods, although CP-M showed a large decrease after 10 days. The results show that fermentation conditions with the highest activity were observed in CP-M inoculated with S. cerevisae 113-4 and fermented at 25ºC for 5 days. CP-M consisted of 78.6% neutral sugar, 11.6% acidic polysaccharide, and 9.8% protein. In particular, the sugar composition of neutral sugar consisted of mannose (47.8%), glucose (29.6%), and galactose (12.7%). Based on the results, CP-M is assumed to be an extracellular polysaccharide originating in yeast with high mannose content.