여성 청소노동자의 노동조건과 작업장 배제에 관한 연구 - 초·중·고등학교 환경미화원을 중심으로

최나현 ( Choi¸ Nahyun ),김영 ( Kim¸ Young ) 부산대학교 여성연구소 2021 여성학연구 Vol.31 No.1

이 연구는 2018년 9월 교육공무직(무기계약직) 지위를 얻은 A시교육청 산하 공립학교 여성 청소노동자의 노동조건과 노동경험을 분석해, 공무직 전환이 저임금과 차별적 대우를 시정하지 못함을 발견했다. 첫째, 교육공무직 청소노동자의 노동조건이 용역노동자의 노동조건보다 열악했으며, 단시간 노동으로 인한 소득불안정과 노동강도 강화가 심각하다. 둘째, 학교 간 차이를 고려치 않은 1교1인 배치 규정은 청소노동자의 노동량이 학교에 따라 몇 배나 차이가 나게 만들어 일부 청소노동자의 노동 강도를 극단적으로 높인다. 셋째, ‘방학 중 비근무’ 방침은 청소노동자가 방학 중에는 임금을 받을 수 없게 해 소득불안정을 심화한다. 마지막으로 1교1인 배치원칙 하에 청소노동자들은 혼자서 고립되어 자신의 노동조건에 대한 평가조차 불가능한 총체적 유령화를 경험하고 있다. 그 결과 교육공무직 중에서도 청소노동자의 처우가 가장 열악하다. ‘1교1인 배치’ 규정과 ‘방학 중 비근무’ 방침은 노동현장의 현실에 둔감한 행정편의주의로 청소노동자를 고립시킨다. 이와 같은 발견은 소수성과 고립성이 청소노동자가 저학력 중고령 여성으로서 경험하는 교차적 차별을 더욱 악화시키는 요인이 됨을 시사한다. 주변부 노동자의 노동조건이 실질적으로 개선되려면 형식적 고용안정성의 확보만으로 부족하다. 생활 가능한 임금 및 차별과 불평등 시정을 위한 노력이 수반되어야 하며, 나아가 고립과 유령화를 극복하기 위한 집합적 목소리와 사회적 인정이 필요하다. This study reviews the working condition and exclusion experience of women school sweeper at public schools in Busan, which became “unlimited contract workers (Gyoyukgongmujik)” in September 2018. We find that discrimination against women school sweeper and low pay didn’t change although their job security improved by labor contract transfer. Especially “One School-One Person” rule and “no work during vacation” policy have the effect of isolating school sweeper from the work place and reducing their income whereas the education authorities saves labor costs. Under such a condition women school sweeper were treated like a ghost which their presence and labor were not recognized. The findings of this study suggest that, in order to improve the working conditions of periphery workers, not only job security, but also living wage and effort to correct discrimination and inequality. At the same time, it implies that improving the working conditions of women workers in the dead-end jobs requires collective voice and social recognition to overcome isolation and “making ghost”.

A NEW AUTO-GUIDING SYSTEM FOR CQUEAN

Nahyun Choi,박원기,이혜인,지태근,전이슬,임명신,박수종 한국천문학회 2015 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.48 No.3

We develop a new auto-guiding system for the Camera for QUasars in the EArly uNiverse (CQUEAN). CQUEAN is an optical CCD camera system attached to the 2.1-m Otto-Struve Telescope (OST) at McDonald Observatory, USA. The new auto-guiding system diers from the original one in the following: instead of the cassegrain focus of the OST, it is attached to the nder scope; it has its own lter system for observation of bright targets; and it is controlled with the CQUEAN Auto-guiding Package, a newly developed auto-guiding program. Finder scope commands a very wide eld of view at the expense of poorer light gathering power than that of the OST. Based on the star count data and the limiting magnitude of the system, we estimate there are more than 5.9 observable stars with a single FOV using the new auto-guiding CCD camera. An adapter is made to attach the system to the nder scope. The new auto-guiding system successfully guided the OST to obtain science data with CQUEAN during the test run in 2014 February. The FWHM and ellipticity distributions of stellar proles on CQUEAN, images guided with the new auto-guiding system, indicate similar guiding capabilities with the original auto-guiding system but with slightly poorer guiding performance at longer exposures, as indicated by the position angle distribution. We conclude that the new auto-guiding system has overall similar guiding performance to the original system. The new auto-guiding system will be used for the second generation CQUEAN, but it can be used for other cassegrain instruments of the OST.

CQUEAN II System Design: New Auto-guiding System

Nahyun Choi,Hye-In Lee,Soojong Pak,Tae–Geun Ji,Byeongjoon Jeong,Min K. Bae,Myungshin Im 한국천문학회 2013 天文學會報 Vol.38 No.2

Design of Camera for QUasars in EArly uNiverse II

Nahyun Choi,Soojong Pak,Young-seok Oh,Hyein Lee,Changsu Choi,Myungshin Im 한국천문학회 2013 天文學會報 Vol.38 No.1

Generation of trichogenic adipose-derived stem cells by expression of three factors

Choi, Nahyun,Choi, Junjeong,Kim, Ji Hye,Jang, Yaeji,Yeo, Joo Hye,Kang, Juwon,Song, Seung Yong,Lee, Jinu,Sung, Jong-Hyuk Elsevier 2018 JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGICAL SCIENCE Vol.92 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Previous studies demonstrated that adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) can promote hair growth, but unmet needs exist for enhancing ASC hair inductivity.</P> <P><B>Objective</B></P> <P>Therefore, we introduced three trichogenic factors platelet-derived growth factor-A, SOX2, and β-catenin to ASCs (tfASCs) and evaluated whether tfASCs have similar characteristics as dermal papilla (DP) cells.</P> <P><B>Method</B></P> <P>Global gene expression was examined using NGS analysis. Telogen-to-anagen induction, vibrissae hair follicle organ culture and patch assay were used.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>tfASC cell size is smaller than that of ASCs, and they exhibit short doubling time. tfASCs also resist aging and can be expanded until passage 12. Cell proportion in S and G<SUB>2</SUB>/M increases in tfASCs, and tfASCs express high mRNA levels of cell cycle related genes. The mRNA expression of DP markers was notably higher in tfASCs. Moreover, NGS analysis revealed that the global gene expression of tfASCs is similar to that of DP cells. The injection of tfASCs accelerated the telogen-to-anagen transition and conditioned medium of tfASCs increased the anagen phase of vibrissal hair follicles. Finally, we found that the injection of 3D-cultured tfASCs at p 9 generated new hair follicles in nude mice.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>Collectively, these results indicate that 1) tfASCs have similar characteristics as DP cells, 2) tfASCs have enhanced hair-regenerative potential compared with ASCs, and 3) tfASCs even at late passage can make new hair follicles in a hair reconstitution assay. Because DP cells are difficult to isolate/expand and ASCs have low hair inductivity, tfASCs and tfASC-CM are clinically good candidates for hair regeneration.</P>

Curcuma xanthorrhiza Extract Improves Saliva-related Factors Expression in H₂O₂-treated Human Salivary Gland Cells

Nahyun Choi,Changhee Kim,Jihye Park,Jae-Kwan Hwang 한국식품영양과학회 2018 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2018 No.10

Minoxidil Promotes Hair Growth through Stimulation of Growth Factor Release from Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

Choi, Nahyun,Shin, Soyoung,Song, Sun U.,Sung, Jong-Hyuk MDPI AG 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.19 No.3

<P>Minoxidil directly promotes hair growth via the stimulation of dermal papilla (DP) and epithelial cells. Alternatively, there is little evidence for indirect promotion of hair growth via stimulation of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). We investigated whether minoxidil stimulates ASCs and if increased growth factor secretion by ASCs facilitates minoxidil-induced hair growth. Telogen-to-anagen induction was examined in mice. Cultured DP cells and vibrissae hair follicle organ cultures were used to further examine the underlying mechanisms. Subcutaneous injection of minoxidil-treated ASCs accelerated telogen-to-anagen transition in mice, and increased hair weight at day 14 post-injection. Minoxidil did not alter ASC proliferation, but increased migration and tube formation. Minoxidil also increased the secretion of growth factors from ASCs, including chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF), and platelet-derived growth factor-C (PDGF-C). Minoxidil increased extracellular signal–regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation, and concomitant upregulation of <I>PD-ECGF</I> and <I>PDGF-C</I> mRNA levels were attenuated by an ERK inhibitor. Subcutaneous injection of CXCL1, PD-ECGF, or PDGF-C enhanced anagen induction in mice, and both CXCL1 and PDGF-C increased hair length in ex vivo organ culture. Treatment with CXCL1, PD-ECGF, or PDGF-C also increased the proliferation index in DP cells. Finally, topical application of CXCL1, PD-ECGF, or PDGF-C with 2% minoxidil enhanced anagen induction when compared to minoxidil alone. Minoxidil stimulates ASC motility and increases paracrine growth factor signaling. Minoxidil-stimulated secretion of growth factors by ASCs may enhance hair growth by promoting DP proliferation. Therefore, minoxidil can be used as an ASC preconditioning agent for hair regeneration.</P>

Udenafil Induces the Hair Growth Effect of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

( Nahyun Choi ),( Jong-hyuk Sung ) 한국응용약물학회 2019 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.27 No.4

Udenafil, which is a PDE5 inhibitor, is used to treat erectile dysfunction. However, it is unclear whether udenafil induces hair growth via the stimulation of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). In this study, we investigated whether udenafil stimulates ASCs and whether increased growth factor secretion from ASCs to facilitate hair growth. We found that subcutaneous injection of udenafiltreated ASCs accelerated telogen-to-anagen transition in vivo. We also observed that udenafil induced proliferation, migration and tube formation of ASCs. It also increased the secretion of growth factors from ASCs, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL12B, and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and NFκB. Furthermore, concomitant upregulation of IL-4 and IL12B mRNA levels was attenuated by ERK inhibitor or NFκB knockdown. Application of IL-4 or IL12B enhanced anagen induction in mice and increased hair follicle length in organ culture. The results indicated that udenafil stimulates ASC motility and increases paracrine growth factor, including cytokine signaling. Udenafil-stimulated secretion of cytokine from ASCs may promote hair growth via the ERK and NFκB pathways. Therefore, udenafil can be used as an ASC-preconditioning agent for hair growth.

‘자기만의 방’을 만드는 사람들 - 청년여성 자영업자의 일 경험과 의미 연구

최나현 ( Choi Nahyun ) 부산대학교 여성연구소 2020 여성학연구 Vol.30 No.1

이 연구는 부산, 대구, 서울의 청년여성 자영업자 13인과의 심층 면접을 통해 청년여성이 바라는 일터의 모습과 스스로 구성하는 일의 의미를 분석했다. 청년노동의 불안정성과 노동시장 내부의 극심한 성차별이 여성노동자를 노동시장 바깥으로 밀어내는 현실에서, 청년여성은 대안 일자리이자 자신의 주체성을 실현하는 장으로 자영 창업을 선택한다. 청년여성 자영업자의 일 경험은 과거 임금노동에서 얻은 소외의 경험이 반영된 결과물로, 연구 참여자들은 자신을 주체적인 창작자로, “농사꾼”으로 정의한다. 하지만 자신만의 일을 통해서는 독립된 경제생활이 가능할 만큼 충분하게 물질적 기반을 재생산해 내지 못한다는 한계로 인해 일에 대한 진정성을 스스로에게 끊임없이 증명해야 하는 부담감이 존재했다. 그럼에도 이들은 자신의 사업장을 “자기만의 방”으로 의미화하며, 여성들이 편안함을 느낄 수 있는 방식으로 공간의 규율을 만들어낼 뿐만 아니라 마음 맞는 여성 동료들과 함께 “느슨한 공동체”를 만들어 나가는 노력을 기울이고 있었다. 이로써 청년여성들은 자영업이라는 취업형태를 통해 자본의 논리와는 다른 방식으로 일의 의미를 구성하고 타인과 함께하는 삶의 방식을 펼쳐나가고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. This paper is aimed to answer the following questions: What is the work place desired by young women? How do they make the meaning of the work? These questions parallel to the line of research that attempts to understand the labor experience of self-employed young women. In order to answer these questions I examine the case of 13 young women aged 25-39 living in Busan, Daegu and Seoul. The conclusions obtained in this paper are as follows. First, when self-employed young women formed their own workplace, they continued to reflect negative experiences gained from past wage labor. For young women, self-employed businesses were becoming a means of “(A) room of one's own” by deviating from the experience of wage labor and concentrating on their work. They were not only making discipline in space in a way that women could feel comfortable, but also making efforts to create a “female community” with their colleagues. This has led young women to confirm that through the form of employment of self-employed people, they make up the meaning of work in a way that differs from the capitalism and develop lifestyles with others.

주행 데이터 학습을 통한 주행 성향 판단 및 경로 예측

권나현(Nahyun Kweon),김동찬(Dongchan Kim),양찬욱(Chanuk Yang),손혁주(Hyukju Shon),최승원(Seungwon Choi),최재웅(Jaewoong Choi),허건수(Kunsoo Huh) 한국자동차공학회 2021 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2021 No.11