高麗 明宗代의 정치와 內侍

金載名(Kim, Jae-Myoung) 한국사학회 2010 史學硏究 Vol.- No.99

武人政變으로 명종이 즉위하면서 내시 구성에도 큰 변화가 생겼다. 어느 때보다도 새로운 인물이 대거 내시로 등용되었기 때문이다. 하지만 왕과 교분이 두터운 側近 출신은 많지 않았으며, 무반으로 내시가 된 예도 거의 없었다. 대신 親武臣的인 성향의 文臣이 다수 내시로 선임되었다. 이런 가운데 명종 3년 일부 문반 출신의 내시가 反武臣亂인 金甫當의 亂에 가담한 사건이 발생했다. 이에 집권 무신은 이들을 대신해 문반 관직을 겸임한 무신을 내시로 등용하는 방안을 적극 모색하였다. 李義方의 아우인 李隣이 그 시초였다. 그러는 한편 학문이 뛰어난 문신의 등용도 계속하였다. 직무수행의 효율성을 위해서는 어쩔 수 없었다. 그 결과 내시의 수는 한때 정원을 초과할 정도로 크게 늘어났다. 그리고 이 무렵 왕은 통치력을 거의 상실했다. 兵權은 물론 人事權과 刑罰權도 제대로 행사하지 못했다. 심지어 왕을 近侍하는 내시의 임면조차 집권 무신의 뜻에 따라 행해지는 경우가 허다했다. 이에 따라 왕보다 權臣에게 충성하는 내시가 훨씬 많아졌다. 이런 현상은 慶大升執權期까지 계속되었다. 그러다 명종 14년 李義旼의 집권을 계기로 상황이 달라지기 시작하였다. 財政權과 人事權을 중심으로 왕의 통치력이 상당 수준 회복된 것이다.내시를 비롯한 측근과 宗親?小君, 그리고 일부 朝官의 지지와 도움이 컸다. 이에 따라 내시의 구성과 성격에도 변화가 일어났다. 親王的 內侍의 수가 크게 늘어났고, 내시 구성도 그간의 親武臣 위주의 틀에서 벗어나 양자가 균형을 이루었다. 명종 말에 崔忠獻이 무더기로 내시를 축출하고 국왕마저 폐위한 것은 바로 이런 이유에서였다. 내시를 비롯한 측근세력의 도움으로 명종의 통치력이 상당히 회복되었던 만큼 권력기반을 확고히 하기 위해서는 이의민뿐 아니라 이들 모두를 제거하지 않을 수 없었던 것이다. 이런 면에서 최충헌의 집권은 단순한 무인집정자의 교체가 아니라 복고되어 가던 왕정체제를 재차 붕괴시킨 또 하나의 武人政變이었다고 할 수 있다. The organization of Nasi changed a lot after king Myoung-jong came to the throne with military revolution. A lot of new officials were picked for Nasis than before. However, there were not lots of surroundings of the king, and it was rare for military officials to be Nasis. Meanwhile, civil officials who kept friendly relationship with military ones were nominated to Nasis. In the 3rd year of Myoung-jong, some Nasis from civil officials took part in Kim Bo-dang"s(金甫當) rebellion which was against military revolution. So military rulers actively drew up a plan of nominating military officials who could play a role of civil officials at the same time, instead of taking Nasis from civil officials. Lee Ryn(李隣), Lee E?i-bang"s(李義方) brother, was the first man whose brother was the most powerful ruler. On the other hand, the government continued to appoint competent civil officials to Nasis for a high degree of efficiency. As a result, the number of Nasis increased a lot enough to exceed the fixed number of people. By this time, king almost lost his ruling power; He couldn"t control properly the authority of human, and the power of punishment and amnesty as well as his military power. As well, he could not help following the military rulers" decision even when it comes to the matter of appointing Nasis who had to support him. So it happened that many Nasis were loyal to military rulers who had strong power, not to the king. It continued to the period of Gyoung Dae-seung"s(慶大升) military rule. Therefore, in the 14th year of Myoung-jong, the political situation began to change with Lee E?i-min"s(李義旼) military rule. King"s power was recoverd around finance and personnel administration significantly. The king"s surroundings including Nasis, Royal families, sons of King"s concubine, and some civil officials made it possible. And it caused to change the organization and political character of Nasis. The number of Nasis who kept friendly relationship with the king increased a lot. And the organization of Nasis started to keep new balance breaking the frame that was composed of members who were co-operative to military rulers. For this reason, Choi Chung-hyeon(崔忠獻) expelled a lot of Nasis who were close to the king and took the crown from the king. He had to remove not only the military ruler, Lee E?i-min, but also king Myoung-jong and the king"s helpers to confirm the basis of political power, because king Myoung-jong had already recovered his ruling power a lot with the help of Nasis. From this point of view, we can say Choi Chung-hyeon"s rule the second military revolution that collapsed again the restoration of the royal regime, not simple military ruler"s exchange.

과민성 장 증후군의 증상 경감을 위한 비약물적 접근 고찰

최명애,김금순,안경주,채영란,최정안,홍해숙,박미정,이경숙,신기수,정재심 대한기초간호자연과학회 2005 Journal of korean biological nursing science Vol.7 No.2

There have been many trials of clinical efficacy of multicomponent and single component treatments for irritable bowel syndrome(IBS). We reviewed effects of non phamacological treatments in the IBS. Though the efficacy of multi-component approaches was unclear, several results suggest that cognitive behavioral therapy was effective in improving gastrointestinal symptoms of IBS. As a single component, cognitive therapy and relaxation with or without biofeedback could improve the symptoms and psychological health of IBS patients. Yoga, meditation, self-help information and hypnotherapy could be applicable to IBS.

금성산의 곤충상에 관한 연구

김재근,주명칠 동신대학교 환경연구소 2000 환경연구 Vol.5 No.1

A faunistic study on the terresterial insects (except soil insects) of Galma Mt. was carried out during march to November in 2000 year. The area is located in the boundary between Naju-si and Kwangjoo-si province of the central part of Chonnam which is composed of the main peak(alti. 450m) and other peakes. The results obtained as follows; 1. The terrestrial insects collected and identified from this area are composed of 86 species of 49 families of 10 orders from Keumseong Mt. in 2000 year. 2. The collected species are many of ordonata, coleoptera, diptera and lepidoptera. 3. The collected families are many of coleoptera, diptera and lepidoptera. 4. The collected individuals are very many of Cicadalla virids of cicadellidae of homoptera.

多點 피토관 流量計 周圍의 流動特性에 관한 실험적 연구

임재명,윤복현 木浦大學校 工業技術硏究所 2000 工業技術硏究誌 Vol.10 No.-

The flow characteristics passing a multi-point Pitot tube flow-meter with diamond shape were experimentally studied. ISA 1932 nozzles were used in order to measure average velocities in the pipe. A model of the same shape as the multi-point Pitot tube flow-meter with several holes perforated on its side was manufactured and tested to obtain pressure distributions around the test-piece. The combination of upstream double elbows varies the velocity profile and the position of maximum velocity and produces secondary flows and swirl. Especially, in case of 90˚ double elbows combination, swirl showed its maximum strength and anti-symmetric flow was also detected. The position of separation occurred at the same point all the time, in spite of various combinations of double elbows and for the entire range of Reynolds number tested in this study.

Paraquat 독성에 미치는 Dicumarol과 Allopurinol의 병합 투여 효과

송명화,정미숙,오순식,박재윤,차종희 조선대학교 1995 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.20 No.1

Despite intensive investigation into paraquat toxicity, neither the final cytotoxic mechanism nor a clinically useful antidote has been discovered. The mechanism of paraquat cytotoxicity is also debatable, but it is generally accepted that a redox reaction occurs between reduced paraquat and molecular oxygen. The intracellular reduction of paraquat occurs by various enzymes, such as DT-diaphorase, xanthine oxidase and glutathione reductase. In present study, we investigated that the effects of allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, and dicumarol, a DT-diaphorase inhibitor, in paraquat-intoxicated rats. The survivals of paraquat-intoxicated rats were increased by allopurinol treatment compared to paraquat-treated control rats , but not effected by dicumarol treatment. The activity of xanthine oxidase in the liver of allopurinol-treated rats was decreased and DT-diaphorase activity in liver of dicumarol treated rats was also decreased compared to normal control rats. The contents of glutathione in liver of paraquat treated rats was decreased but in paraquat+allopurinol treated rats, the decrements of glutathione contents was reduced but in paraquat+dicumarol treated rats, liver glutathione level was not changed compared to paraquat-treated rats. These results suggest that paraquat toxicity maybe reduced by administration of allopurinol but dicumarol did not have such effects .

Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis 2예

오명돈,최강원,김병국,김재중,이홍규,김상윤 대한감염학회 1986 감염 Vol.18 No.2

Mucormycosis is an acute suppurative opportunistic mycosis that produce predominantly rhinocerebral disease in patient with diabetic ketoacidosis and immunosuppressed patient. We experienced two cases of rhinocerebral mucormycosis recently. The one occurred in patient with diabetic ketoacidosis and the other in acute leukemia. They showed nasal discharge, orbital cellulitis and proptosis. Their condition rapidly deteriorated. Biopsy from palate and sinus revealed broad, nonseptate, right-angled branching hyphae, a finding compatible with mucormycosis.

연소반응 합성된 TiC 분말 소결체의 미세구조에 미치는 금속 Binder 영향

김명진,박민우,전재호,한유동 慶星大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.19 No.2

TiC cermets werefabricated by sintering of TiC and metal powders produced by self propagating high temperature systhesis (SHS). A total of five different cermet systems were studied. These are TiC-Ni, TiC-Co, TiC-Fe, TiC-Al and TiC-Cu. Powders of Ti, C, and metals (Ni, Co, Fe, Cu, Al) were first reacted to form TiC carbide in the matrix of each metal by SHS. The reaction products were crushed into fine powders, which were subsequently sintered at high temperatures either in hydrogen atmosphere or in vacuum for over 1 hours. The mocrosturctural evolution of the cermets was studied including carbide particle size and shape, growth of particles, and density of sintered body. The effects of different binder metals on the mocrosturctures of the cermets are discussed.

돈사폐수 처리를 위한 AFBG/ANHBR 공정의 Package화

임재명,권재혁,한동준 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1996 環境硏究 Vol.13 No.-

This study was performed for package of piggery wastewater treatment system, inquired into component of organic matter and biodegradable characteristics in piggery wastewater and extracted removal efficiencies and operating conditions of aerobic fixed biofilm reactor/anoxic fixed biofilm re-actor(AFBR/ANFBR) process with Sun Lock (S/L.™) media, The component characteistics of or-ganic matter in piggery wastewater include 60 percentage of readily biodegradable COD, 25 percent-age of non-biodegradable COD and producted inert material by metabolism of m icroorganisms. In order to reduced sludge production rate and aggravation of water quality, endogenous respiration phase was accepted at first AFBR reactor. As a results of this operating condition, sludge production was minimized and removal efficiency was maintained stability. In order to obtain more than 90 percentage of BOD removal in AFBR/AHFBR process, the sur-face loading rate and volumetric loading rate to the AFBR should be maintained less than 17g BOD/㎡· day and 1.7 kg BOD/㎡· day respectively. Under this condition, BOD removal efficiencies of first AFBR, ANFBR and last AFBR exhibited above 80 percentage, 17 percentage and 40 per-centage, respectively. The removal efficiency of TKN and NHf-h at the loading rates below 5.60 gNH,-N/㎡ · day and 0.56 kg NH_(3)-N/㎥ ·day f·ere above 76 percentage and 82 percentage,respectively.

부착증식 공정에서 여재의 개선에 따른생물막 특성

권재혁,김병욱,조원태,임재명 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1999 環境硏究 Vol.16 No.-

This study was conducted to investigate the performance and biofilm characteristics of modified media(RUN 2) in comparison with conventional media(RUN 1) on wastewater treatment system. The results were as follows ; At four different HRT of 6, 12, 18 and 24hr, BOD removal efficiency was 65.5, 85.6, 92.2 and 91.9% in RUN 1 and 70.7, 88.7, 94.7 and 95.9% in RUN 2. Biofilm characteristics in each treatment system could be classed as following : i) In RUN 1, the biomass was 2.54 to 3.01㎎/㎥ and its thickness was 342 to 907μm and in RUN 2, this was 560 to 1,180μm and that was 2.54~3.01㎎/㎥. ii) The biofilm dry density was 32.60㎎/㎥ in RUN 1 and 39.06㎎/㎥ in RUN2, respectively. iii) The VSS contents pe unit area were 2,675~2,822㎎VSS/㎠ in RUN 1 AND 2,954~3,123㎎VSS/㎠ in RUN 2. In consider of organic removal rates and biofilm attachment characteristics, it was proved that modified media in RUN 2 was higher than conventional media in RUN 1.

食用造景樹種의 利用形態 및 活用方案에 관한 硏究 : 광주·나주 아파트단지를 사례로 For example a collective Apt. area in Kwang-ju, Na-ju

주명칠,김재근,이선자 동신대학교 환경연구소 2000 환경연구 Vol.5 No.1

본 연구는 우리나라의 식용조경식물의 이용증대 및 식용식물을 활용하는데 기초 자료를 제공하고자 광주와 나주지역의 아파트를 대상으로 지역별ㆍ평형별 식재현황을 조사분석 하였으며 식용조경식물의 이용실태를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 5개 아파트내의 식재된 목본성 조경식물은 25과 39속 48종 10변종 2품종으로 구성되어 있는데, 그중 식용조경식물은 9과 11속 13종 3변종 1품종으로 전체수종 중 총 28%를 차지하였다. 식용조경식물의 지역별 식 재현황은 광주지역에서 15종, 2,097주로 전체의 87.89%이다. 그중 곰솔이 15.21%, 잣나무 12.20%, 대추나무 11.82% 순이다 그리고 나주지역의 경우는 7종, 289주로 전체의 12.11%이고, 그중 곰솔 5.87%, 사과나무 2.47%였다. 아파트 평형별 식용조경식물의 특성을 살펴보면, 49 ~ 62평(746주)은 24 ~ 33평(1038)보다 수량은 적었지만 종의 다양성(49~ 62평 11종, 24 ~ 33평 9종)은 49 ~ 62평이 더 높았다. 조사지내의 식용조경식물의 침엽수종과 활엽수종간의 비율은 45 : 55 이였으며 상록수 대 낙엽수의 비율은 41 : 59이고 교목 대 관목의 비율은 67 : 33 이였다. 출현횟수는 4회가 은행나무ㆍ소나무, 3회가 감나무였다. 1회의 출현빈도가 58.82%로 가장 많았으며, 2회가 23.53%, 4회가 11.76%, 3회가 5.88%였다. 식용조경식물의 이용부위별로 보면 과실은 15종, 꽃 7종, 잎 5종, 수피 4종 순이였다. 출현횟수는 4회가 은행나무ㆍ소나무, 2회가 잣나무ㆍ곰솔 등이였다. 1회의 출현빈도가 꽃 57%, 과실 53%, 수피 25%,잎 20% 순으로 많았으며, 2회가 수피 50%, 잎 40%, 꽃 29%, 과실 27%, 4회가 잎40%, 수피 25%, 꽃 14%, 과실 13%, 3회가 과실 7%였다. 광주ㆍ나주아파트 식용 조경식물의 식재현황은 전체수종 60종에 비해 총 17개 수종으로 전체의 28%를 차지하였으며, 식용조경수종 17개 수종 중 일부수종이 대부분을 차지하였다. 이러한 결과 식용조경수종의 식재에 대한 전반적인 검토가 필요하며, 식용조경식물의 보급화와 실용화가 이루어져야 한다. This study is for data base of korean edible landscape woody plants. The aim of research is use increase and application plan of edible landscape woody plants. For activating edible landscape woody plants in Apts researched and analysed by the location and the scale of Apt is 3 Apt in Kwang-ju and 2 Apt in Na-ju. The result are followed. The investigated area have landscape woody plants, 60 taxa with 25 families, 39 genera 48 species, 2 varieties. Edible landscape woody plants that are 60 taxa with 9 families, 11 genera, 13 species, 3 varieties, 1 forms, occupied 28% of the all. Regionally, the planting situation of edible landscape woody plants in Kwang-ju is 15 species, the number of landscape woody plants is 2,097 plants. That is 87.89% of the investigated area. Pinus thunbergii 15.21%, Pinus koraiensis 12.20%, Zizyphus jujuba var. inermis 11.82% in order. In Na-ju is 7 species, 289 plants that occupies 12.11%. Pinus thunbergii is 5.87%, Malus punila var. dulcissima is 2.47%. Regarding as the characteristics of edible landscape woody plants the size of Apts, in the 49 ~ 62pyong Apt (746 plants) are less number of trees than the 24~33pyong (1,038 plants). But the variety is more than the 49 62pyong Apt. Ratio of niddle and broad leaved in edible landscape woody plants researching sections is 45 : 55. That of evergreen to deciduous is 41 : 59, that of tree to shrub is 67 : 33. Frequency of appearance is four times in Ginkgo biloba and Pinus densiflora, three times is Diospyros kaki. One frequency is most of 58.82%, two is 23.53%, four is 11.76%, three is 5.88%. In part of use edible landscape woody plants, 15 species for fruits, 7 species for flowers, 5 for leaf, 4 for bark in order. The planting situation of edible landscape woody plants in Kwang-ju and Na-ju occupy 28% that is 17 species of 60 species plants that is all. Though edible landscape woody plants is 17 species some species are most. The result shows that we need overall investigation edible landscape woody plants species, suply and preacticability of edible landscape woody plants.