간경변 및 간암과 혈청 구리와 아연농도와의 관련성

현명수,서석권,윤능기,이종영,이승훈,이무식,Hyun, Myung-Soo,Suh, Suk-Kwon,Yoon, Nung-Ki,Lee, Jong-Young,Lee, Seoung-Hoon,Lee, Mu-Sik 대한예방의학회 1992 예방의학회지 Vol.25 No.2

현재까지도 완전히 규명되지 못한 간질환과 혈청 구리 및 아연농도와의 관련성을 밝히고, 이들의 진단적 가치를 알아보고자 1990년 10월에서 1991년 8월 사이에 대구시 소재 모 대학병원 내과와 건강진단센터에 내원한 사람들 중에서 무작위로 선정한 정상 63명, 간경변 60명 그리고 간암 33명을 대상으로 일반적 특성을 조사하였고, 체내 일일 변동을 고려하여 공복시 오전 9시에서 11시 사이에 혈액을 채취하여 간기능검사의 생화학적 표지자와 혈청 구리 및 아연농도의 분석에 사용하였다. 혈청 구리의 평균농도는 대조군 $91.97{\pm}4.76{\mu}g/dl$, 간경화군 $106.21{\pm}2.73{\mu}g/dl$ 그리고 간암군 $127.05{\pm}0.77{\mu}g/dl$이었고, 대조군과 간경화군 사이에 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었으나, 간경화군과 간암군사이에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 아연에 있어서는 대조군 $110.82{\pm}7.24{\mu}g/dl$,간경화군 $68.10{\pm}5.43{\mu}g/dl$ 그리고 간암군 $63.78{\pm}2.20{\mu}g/dl$로 나타났고, 간경화군과 간암군 사이에 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었으나, 대조군과는 두 군 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). Cu/Zn비는 세 군 사이에 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 간기능검사의 생화학적 표지자들 중에 총 단백, 알부민, ALP 그리고 총 빌리루빈은 세 군 간에 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으나(p<0.05), ALT와 AST의 간경화군과 간암군 간의 차이는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았고, 직접 빌리루빈은 대조군에 대해 간암군에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 헐청 구리와 아연농도 그리고 Cu/Zn비와 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계를 보인 표지자는 세 군에서 다양하게 나타났다. 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석에서 간경화 및 간암에 대한 odds ratio는 혈청 아연농도만이 각각 0.951, 0.952로 통계적으로 유의하였고(p<0.05), 혈 청 구리 농도와 Cu/Zn비는 통계적인 유의성이 없었다. 세 군에 대한 판별분석에서 구분을 위한 주요변수로 선정된 것은 알부민, ALP, 혈청 아연농도, 나이 그리고 총 빌리루빈이었고, 이를 적용하여 판별한 결과 바른구분의 백분율은 대조군 95.4%, 간경변군 73.4%, 간암군 75.7%로 총 84.0% 였다. 본 연구는 아연이 간질환에 대해 독립적으로도 억제하는 효과가 있을 것이며, 혈청 아연농도의 측정은 간질환의 진단에 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것임을 시사하고 있다고 생각된다. This study was done to identify the association between serum copper and zinc levels and the cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), and to evaluate its diagnostic value on liver diseases. Sixty-three healthy persons, 60 patients with cirrhosis and 33 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were rendomly selected and investigated for their general characteristics from October 1990 to August 1991. For analysis of the biochemical markers in liver function test and the serum copper and zinc levels, their fasting venous blood were sampled at 9:00 to 11:00 in the morning and centrifuged to separate the serum within one hour. All the samples were immediately analysed for biochemical markers and stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ in polypropylene tubes further copper and zinc analysis. Mean of serum coppper levels was $91.97{\pm}4.76{\mu}g/dl$ in control, $106.21{\pm}2.73{\mu}g/dl$ in cirrhosis and $127.05{\pm}0.77{\mu}g/dl$ in HCC. The value of HCC was statistically significantly higher than that of the control and cirrhosis(p<0.05). Serum zinc levels were $110.82{\pm}7.24{\mu}g/dl$ in control, $68.10{\pm}5.43{\mu}g/dl$ in cirrhosis and $63.78{\pm}2.20{\mu}g/dl$ in HCC. The values of cirrhosis and HCC were statistically significantly lower than that of control(p<0.05). The Cu/Zn ratio was statiatically significantly different among three groups(p<0.05). Test total protein, albumin, ALP and total bilirubin of biochemical markers of liver function were statistically significantly different among three groups(p<0.05). Differences between cirrhosis and HCC for ALT and AST, and between the control and HCC for direct bilirubin were not statistically significant. Biochemical markers statistically significantly correlated with serum copper and zinc levels and Cu/Zn ratio(p<0.05), were variable in three groups. In multiple logistic regression, odds ratio of serum copper level and Cu/Zn ratio had no statistical significance on the cirrhosis and the HCC, but that of serum sinc was statistically significant as 0.951 and 0.952(p<0.05). Serum copper and zinc levels and Cu/Zn ratio were not statistically significantly different between the cirrhosis and HCC. H\Albumin, ALP, zinc, total bilirubin and age among all variables were selected as main variables for three-group discriminant analysis. Percentage of 'grouped' cases correctly classified by these five variables was 98.4 for control, 73.4 for cirrhosis, 75.7 for HCC and 84.0 for all subjects. This study suggests that zinc level is considered to play a role as diagnostic marker on the hepatic disorders and be more useful than serum copper level and Cu/Zn ratio in diagnosis of the liver diseases.

UHF RFID 태그 칩용 저전력 EEPROM설계

이원재,이재형,박경환,이정환,임규호,강형근,고봉진,박무훈,하판봉,김영희,Yi, Won-Jae,Lee, Jae-Hyung,Park, Kyung-Hwan,Lee, Jung-Hwan,Lim, Gyu-Ho,Kang, Hyung-Geun,Ko, Bong-Jin,Park, Mu-Hun,Ha, Pan-Bong,Kim, Young-Hee 한국정보통신학회 2006 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.10 No.3

본 논문에서 는 플래쉬 셀을 사용하여 수동형 UHF RFID 태그 칩에 사용되는 저전력 1Kb 동기식 EEPROM을 설계하였다. 저전력 EEPROM을 구현하기 위한 방법으로 다음과 같은 4가지 방법을 제안하였다. 첫째, VDD(=1.5V)와 VDDP(=2.5V)의 이중 전원 공급전압 방식을 사용하였고, 둘째, 동기식 회로 설계에서 클럭(clock) 신호가 계속 클럭킹(clocking)으로 인한 스위칭 전류(switching current)가 흐르는 것을 막기 위해 CKE(Clock Enable) 신호를 사용하였다. 셋째, 읽기 사이클에서 전류 센싱(current sensing) 방식 대신 저전력 소모를 갖는 clocked inverter를 사용한 센싱 방식을 사용하였으며, 넷째, 쓰기 모드시 Voltage-up 변환기(converter) 회로를 사용하여 기준전압 발생기(Reference Voltage Generator)에는 저전압인 VDD를 사용할 수 있도록 하여 전력 소모를 줄일 수가 있었다. $0.25{\mu}m$ EEPROM 공정을 이용하여 칩을 제작하였으며, 1Kb EEPROM을 설계한 결과 읽기 모드와 쓰기 모드 시에 소모되는 전력은 각각 $4.25{\mu}W$와 $25{\mu}W$이고, 레이아웃 면적(layout area)은 $646.3\times657.68{\mu}m^2$이다. In this paper, a low-power 1Kb synchronous EEPROM is designed with flash cells for passive UHF RFID tag chips. To make a low-power EEPROM, four techniques are newly proposed. Firstly, dual power supply voltages VDD(1.5V) and VDDP(2.5V), are used. Secondly, CKE signal is used to remove switching current due to clocking of synchronous circuits. Thirdly, a low-speed but low-power sensing scheme using clocked inverters is used instead of the conventional current sensing method. Lastly, the low-voltage, VDD for the reference voltage generator is supplied by using the Voltage-up converter in write cycle. An EEPROM is fabricated with the $0.25{\mu}m$ EEPROM process. Simulation results show that power dissipations are $4.25{\mu}W$ in the read cycle and $25{\mu}W$ in the write cycle, respectively. The layout area is $646.3\times657.68{\mu}m^2$.

Urinary Levels of phthalate metabolites in Korean population: KorSEP data, 2009

( Kyoung Mu Lee ),( Young Lim Kho ),( Jae Buhm Chun ),( Pan Gyi Kim ),( Suk Hwan Park ),( Jin Heon Lee ) 대한보건협회 2011 대한보건협회 보건종합학술대회 Vol.2011 No.-

[Background] Phthalates are ubiquitous industrial chemicals used as plasticizers, solvents, lubricants, and stabilizers in the manufacture of consumer products such as children`s toys, medical equipment and medications, cosmetics, and food packaging. Assessing human exposure to phthalates is of interest because of their potential adverse health effects, particularly among the young. [Objective] The national survey for environmental exposure monitoring in 2009 were funded by Korea Food of Drug Administration (KFDA) with a view to assessing human exposure to selected chemicals including phthalates and identifying major sources of them. [Methods] The subjects of our study aged between 18 and 70 were selected through stratified sampling nationwide and interviewed by trained interviewers using structured questionnaire to collect information on general characteristics, use of plastics, dietary habits related with potential exposure to phthalates. Total 1,874 urine samples were collected and stored at -20℃ until measurement for 10 selected metabolites of phthalates using HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography). Out of 10 metabolites, six ones were selected for further statistical analyses based on proportion of samples over LOQ (limit of quantification), i.e, MnBP, MiBP, MbZP, MeHP, MeOHP, and MeHHP. For each urinary levels (ug per gram creatinine), geometric mean and 50th, 75th, 90th, 95th were represented. Given the distribution of response variable deviates from normal distribution, log transformation was performed, and then tested for its statistical significance. Differences by selected variables were analyzed for statistical significance by ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) adjusted for age, sex, income, and body mass index. [Results] Common phthalate metabolites included MnBP (GM=41.7, GSE=1.9), MeHHP (38.1, 1.9), MeOHP (17.5, 1.9), MiBP (17.0, 2.2), and MBzP (15.8, 2.8), whereas the proportion of data above LOQ was less than 20 for MCHP, MnOP, MiNP, and MiDP. The levels for the six metabolites tended to be higher compared to those from the national survey in US (NHANES), and lower compared to those from the national survey in Germany (GerES4). Significant correlations between the six urinary metabolites were observed. Urinary level of phthalates were observed to be higher among subjects with older age, females, subjects with higher body mass index (BMI), and lower income.

A comparative study on the inhibitory effects of mast cell-mediated allergic reactions by artificially cultured and wild Acanthopanax senticosus

Yi, Jin-Mu,Jeong, Hyun-Ja,Shim, Kyung-Shik,Lee, Kang-Yong,Kim, Jeong-Sook,Zheng, Cui,Tomoko, Jippo,Lee, Young-Mi Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2000 International journal of oriental medicine Vol.1 No.2

We compared the effect between CAS and WAS(root, stem) on mast cell-mediated allergic reaction. CAS, WAS-root and WAS-stem, significantly inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic allergic reaction(1g/kg) and histamine release from RPMC(1mg/ml). CAS, WAS-root and WAS-stem also inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylactic reaction. In addition, IgE-induced $TNF-{\alpha}$ secretion from RBL-2H3 was inhibited by pretreatment of CAS, WAS-root or WAS-stem$(0.01{\mu}g/ml)$. Taken together, inhibitory effect on mast cell-mediated allergic reactions of WAS-root is greater than those of WAS-stem but less than those of CAS.

Cytotoxicity and L-Amino Acid Oxidase Activity of Animal Venoms

Ahn, Mi-Young,Lee, Byung-Mu,Kim, Yeong-Shik The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1997 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.20 No.1

The cytotoxicity of animal venoms (snakes, insects and marine animals) was measured against SNU-1 (stomach cancer cells) by dye uptake assay (MTT method). And also L-amino acid oxidase (AAO) activity of the venoms was compared. Among them, the venom from Ophiophagus hannah (king cobra) showed a strong AAO activity as well as a high potent cytotoxicity. Cytotoxic protein having a AAO was then partially purified by HPLC-GPC and two fractions (Fr. I and Fr. II) were collected. The $IC_{50}$ values of Fr. I and Fr. II were 0.19 ${\mu}g/ml$ and 1.36 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The results suggested that the cytotoxicity of king cobra venom may be due to its AAO activity.

UHF RFID 태그 칩용 저전력, 저면적 비동기식 EEPROM 설계

백승면,이재형,송성영,김종희,박문훈,하판봉,김영희,Baek, Seung-Myun,Lee, Jae-Hyung,Song, Sung-Young,Kim, Jong-Hee,Park, Mu-Hun,Ha, Pan-Bong,Kim, Young-Hee 한국정보통신학회 2007 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.11 No.12

본 논문에서는 $0.18{\mu}m$의 EEPROM cell을 사용하여 수동형 UHF RFID 태그 칩에 사용되는 저전력, 저면적의 1Kbits 비동기식 EEPROM IP를 설계하였다. 저면적 회로 설계 기술로는 $0.18{\mu}m$ EEPROM 공정을 이용하여 비동기식 EEPROM IP를 설계하므로 command buffer와 address buffer를 제거하였고 separate I/O 방식을 사용하므로 tri-state 데이터 출력 버퍼(data output buffer)를 제거하였다. 그리고 저전압(low voltage)의 VDD에서 EEPROM cell이 필요로 하는 고전압(high voltage)인 VPP와 VPPL 전압을 안정적으로 공급하기 위해 기존의 PN 접합 다이오드 대신 Schottky 다이오드를 사용한 Dickson 전하펌프를 설계하므로 전하펌프의 펌핑단(pumping stage)의 수를 줄여 전하펌프가 차지하는 면적을 줄였다. 저전력 회로 설계 기술로 Dickson 전하 펌프(charge pump)를 이용하여 VPP generator를 만들고 Dickson 전하펌프의 임의의 노드 전압을 이용하여 프로그램과 지우기 모드에서 각각 필요로 하는 VPPL 전압을 선택하도록 하게 해주는 VPPL 전원 스위칭 회로를 제안하여 쓰기전류(write current)를 줄이므로 저전력 EEPROM IP를 구현하였다. $0.18{\mu}m$ 공정을 이용하여 설계된 비동기식 EEPROM용 테스트 칩은 제작 중에 있으며, 비동기식 1Kbits EEPROM의 레이아웃 면적은 $554.8{\times}306.9{\mu}m2$로 동기식 1Kbits EEPROM에 비해 레이아웃면적을 11% 정도 줄였다. In this paper, a low-power and small-area asynchronous 1 kilobit EEPROM for passive UHF RFID tag chips is designed with $0.18{\mu}m$ EEPROM cells. As small area solutions, command and address buffers are removed since we design asynchronous I/O interface and data output buffer is also removed by using separate I/O. To supply stably high voltages VPP and VPPL used in the cell array from low voltage VDD, Dickson charge pump is designed with schottky diodes instead of a PN junction diodes. On that account, we can decrease the number of stages of the charge pump, which can decrease layout area of charge pump. As a low-power solution, we can reduce write current by using the proposed VPPL power switching circuit which selects each needed voltage at either program or write mode. A test chip of asynchronous 1 kilobit EEPROM is fabricated, and its layout area is $554.8{\times}306.9{\mu}m2$., 11% smaller than its synchronous counterpart.

Risk Assessment of 5-Chloro-2-Methylisothiazol-3(2H)-One/2-Methylisothiazol-3(2H)-One (CMIT/MIT) Used as a Preservative in Cosmetics

Kim, Min Kook,Kim, Kyu-Bong,Lee, Joo Young,Kwack, Seung Jun,Kwon, Yong Chan,Kang, Ji Soo,Kim, Hyung Sik,Lee, Byung-Mu Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2019 Toxicological Research Vol.35 No.2

The mixture of 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (CMIT) and 2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (MIT), CMIT/MIT, is a preservative in cosmetics. CMIT/MIT is a highly effective preservative; however, it is also a commonly known skin sensitizer. Therefore, in the present study, a risk assessment for safety management of CMIT/MIT was conducted on products containing 0.0015% of CMIT/MIT, which is the maximum MIT level allowed in current products. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for CMIT/MIT was 2.8 mg/kg bw/day obtained from a two-generation reproductive toxicity test, and the skin sensitization toxicity standard value for CMIT/MIT, or the no expected sensitization induction level (NESIL), was $1.25{\mu}g/cm^2/day$ in humans. According to a calculation of body exposure to cosmetics use, the systemic exposure dosage (SED) was calculated as 0.00423 mg/kg bw/day when leave-on and rinse-off products were considered. Additionally, the consumer exposure level (CEL) amounted to $0.77512{\mu}g/cm^2/day$ for all representative cosmetics and $0.00584{\mu}g/cm^2/day$ for rinse-off products only. As a result, the non-cancer margin of safety (MOS) was calculated as 633, and CMIT/MIT was determined to be safe when all representative cosmetics were evaluated. In addition, the skin sensitization acceptable exposure level (AEL)/CEL was calculated as 0.00538 for all representative cosmetics and 2.14225 for rinse-off products; thus, CMIT/MIT was considered a skin sensitizer when all representative cosmetics were evaluated. Current regulations indicate that CMIT/MIT can only be used at concentrations 0.0015% or less and is prohibited from use in other cosmetics products. According to the results of this risk assessment, the CMIT/MIT regulatory values currently used in cosmetics are evaluated as appropriate.

저전압 SoC용 밴드갭 기준 전압 발생기 회로 설계

이태영,이재형,김종희,심외용,김태훈,박무훈,하판봉,김영희,Lee, Tae-Young,Lee, Jae-Hyung,Kim, Jong-Hee,Shim, Oe-Yong,Kim, Tae-Hoon,Park, Mu-Hun,Ha, Pan-Bong,Kim, Young-Hee 한국정보통신학회 2008 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.12 No.1

The band-gap reference voltage generator which can be operated by low voltage is proposed in this paper. The proposed BGR circuit can be realized in logic process by using parasitic NPN BJTs because a $Low-V_T$ transistors are not necessary. The proposed BGR circuit is designed and fabricated using $0.18{\mu}m$ triple-well process. The mean voltage of measured VREF is 0.72V and the three sigma$(3{\sigma})$ is 45.69mv. 본 논문에서는 $Low-V_T$ 트랜지스터가 필요 없는 로직공정으로 Parasitic NPN BJT를 이용하여 저 전압에서 동작 가능한 밴드갭 기준전압 발생기 회로를 제안하였다. $0.18{\mu}m$ triple-well 공정을 사용한 BGR회로를 측정 한 결과 VREF의 평균전압은 0.72V $3{\sigma}$는 45.69mV로 양호하게 측정되었다.

A New Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, MHY219, Inhibits the Migration of Human Prostate Cancer Cells via HDAC1

De, Umasankar,Kundu, Soma,Patra, Nabanita,Ahn, Mee Young,Ahn, Ji Hae,Son, Ji Yeon,Yoon, Jung Hyun,Moon, Hyung Ryoung,Lee, Byung Mu,Kim, Hyung Sik The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology 2015 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.23 No.5

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are considered novel agents for cancer chemotherapy. We previously investigated MHY219, a new HDAC inhibitor, and its potent anticancer activity in human prostate cancer cells. In the present study, we evaluated MHY219 molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of prostate cancer cell migration. Similar to suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA), MHY219 inhibited HDAC1 enzyme activity in a dose-dependent manner. MHY219 cytotoxicity was higher in LNCaP ($IC_{50}=0.67{\mu}M$) than in DU145 cells ($IC_{50}=1.10{\mu}M$) and PC3 cells ($IC_{50}=5.60{\mu}M$) after 48 h of treatment. MHY219 significantly inhibited the HDAC1 protein levels in LNCaP and DU145 cells at high concentrations. However, inhibitory effects of MHY219 on HDAC proteins levels varied based on the cell type. MHY219 significantly inhibited LNCaP and DU145 cells migration by down-regulation of matrix metalloprotease-1 (MMP-1) and MMP-2 and induction of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1). These results suggest that MHY219 may potentially be used as an anticancer agent to block cancer cell migration through the repression of MMP-1 and MMP-2, which is related to the reduction of HDAC1.

넓은 전압 범위와 개선된 파워-업 특성을 가지는 밴드갭 기준전압 발생기의 스타트-업 회로

성관영,김종희,김태호,카오투안부,이재형,임규호,박무훈,하판봉,김영희,Sung, Kwang-Young,Kim, Jong-Hee,Kim, Tae-Ho,Vu, Cao Tuan,Lee, Jae-Hyung,Lim, Gyu-Ho,Park, Mu-Hum,Ha, Pan-Bong,Kim, Young-Hee 한국정보통신학회 2007 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.11 No.8

본 논문에서는 넓은 동작전압 범위와 저소비 전력 그리고 개선된 파워-업 특성을 가지는 캐스코드 전류 거울형 CMOS 밴드갭 기준전압 발생기의 스타트-업 회로를 제안하였다. 새롭게 제안된 스타트-업 회로는 기존의 스타트-업 회로에 비해 안정적인 파워-업 특성을 가지며 공급전압(VDDA)이 높아지더라도 밴드갭 기준전압 발생기 회로의 동작에 영향을 미치지 않는 것을 모의실험을 통하여 확인하였고 $0.18{\mu}m$ tripple-well CMOS 공정을 이용하여 테스트 칩을 제작하고 측정하였다. 측정 된 기준전압 Vref는 평균값이 738mV이고 $3{\sigma}$는 29.88mV이다. A start-up circuit of the bandgap reference voltage generator of cascode current mirror type with wide operating voltage range and enhanced power-up characteristics is proposed in the paper. It is confirmed by simulation that the newly proposed start-up circuit does not affect the operation of the bandgap reference voltage generatory even though the supply voltage(VDDA) is higher and has more stable power-up characteristic than the conventional start-up circuit. Test chips are designed and fabricated with $0.18{\mu}m$ tripple well CMOS process and their test has been completed. The mean value of measured the reference voltage(Vref) is 738mV and The three sigma value($3{\sigma}$) is 29.88mV.