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Bergmeijer, Thomas O.,Reny, Jean-Luc,Pakyz, Ruth E.,Gong, Li,Lewis, Joshua P.,Kim, Eun-Young,Aradi, Daniel,Fernandez-Cadenas, Israel,Horenstein, Richard B.,Lee, Ming Ta Michael,Whaley, Ryan M.,Montane Elsevier 2018 American Heart Journal Vol.198 No.-
<P><B>Rationale</B></P> <P>The P2Y<SUB>12</SUB> receptor inhibitor clopidogrel is widely used in patients with acute coronary syndrome, percutaneous coronary intervention, or ischemic stroke. Platelet inhibition by clopidogrel shows wide interpatient variability, and high on-treatment platelet reactivity is a risk factor for atherothrombotic events, particularly in high-risk populations. <I>CYP2C19</I> polymorphism plays an important role in this variability, but heritability estimates suggest that additional genetic variants remain unidentified. The aim of the International Clopidogrel Pharmacogenomics Consortium (ICPC) is to identify genetic determinants of clopidogrel pharmacodynamics and clinical response.</P> <P><B>Study design</B></P> <P>Based on the data published on www.clinicaltrials.gov, clopidogrel intervention studies containing genetic and platelet function data were identified for participation. Lead investigators were invited to share DNA samples, platelet function test results, patient characteristics, and cardiovascular outcomes to perform candidate gene and genome-wide studies.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>In total, 17 study sites from 13 countries participate in the ICPC, contributing individual patient data from 8,829 patients. Available adenosine diphosphate–stimulated platelet function tests included vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein assay, light transmittance aggregometry, and the VerifyNow P2Y<SUB>12</SUB> assay. A proof-of-principle analysis based on genotype data provided by each group showed a strong and consistent association between <I>CYP2C19</I>*2 and platelet reactivity (<I>P</I> value=5.1 × 10<SUP>−40</SUP>).</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>The ICPC aims to identify new loci influencing clopidogrel efficacy by using state-of-the-art genetic approaches in a large cohort of clopidogrel-treated patients to better understand the genetic basis of on-treatment response variability.</P>
Diego Lascano,Rafael Balart,David Garcia-Sanoguera,Angel Agüero,Teodomiro Boronat,Nestor Montanes 한국섬유공학회 2021 Fibers and polymers Vol.22 No.3
This research is focused on manufacturing and characterization of hybrid composite laminates obtained differentstacking sequences of basalt and flax fabrics with silane treatments embedded in a partially bio-sourced epoxy resin asmatrix. They were manufactured by the vacuum-assisted resin infusion molding and mechanical properties were tested intensile, flexural and impact conditions. The effect of the coupling agent on the fiber/matrix interface was studied by FESEM. The effect of temperature on mechanical properties was evaluated by DMTA and TMA. FESEM images revealed improvedfiber/matrix interactions with silane treatment, having a more satisfactory effect on basalt fibers than on flax fibers because ofits silica-based structure, leading to improved mechanical properties. It is worthy to note that the hybrid stacking sequencehas no remarkable influence on the elongation at break. On the contrary, the hybrid stacking sequence offered a greatinfluence on both the elastic modulus and the tensile strength.
SUNSHINE, EARTHSHINE AND CLIMATE CHANGE: II. SOLAR ORIGINS OF VARIATIONS IN THE EARTH'S ALBEDO
GOODE P. R.,PALLE E.,YURCHYSHYN V.,QIU J.,HICKEY J.,RODRIGUEZ P. MONTANES,CHU M.-C.,KOLBE E.,BROWN C.T.,KOONIN S.E. The Korean Astronomical Society 2003 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.36 No.suppl1
There are terrestrial signatures of the solar activity cycle in ice core data (Ram & Stoltz 1999), but the variations in the sun's irradiance over the cycle seem too small to account for the signature (Lean 1997; Goode & Dziembowski 2003). Thus, one would expect that the signature must arise from an indirect effect(s) of solar activity. Such an indirect effect would be expected to manifest itself in the earth's reflectance. Further, the earth's climate depends directly on the albedo. Continuous observations of the earthshine have been carried out from Big Bear Solar Observatory since December 1998, with some more sporadic measurements made during the years 1994 and 1995. We have determined the annual albedos both from our observations and from simulations utilizing the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) scene model and various datasets for the cloud cover, as well as snow and ice cover. With these, we look for inter-annual and longer-term changes in the earth's total reflectance, or Bond albedo. We find that both our observations and simulations indicate that the albedo was significantly higher during 1994-1995 (activity minimum) than for the more recent period covering 1999-2001 (activity maximum). However, the sizes of the changes seem somewhat discrepant. Possible indirect solar influences on the earth's Bond albedo are discussed to emphasize that our earthshine data are already sufficiently precise to detect, if they occur, any meaningful changes in the earth's reflectance. Still greater precision will occur as we expand our single site observations to a global network.
Idalia Osuna-Ruiz,Marı´a Fernanda Espinoza-Marroquin,Jesu´ s Aaro´n Salazar-Leyva,Emyr Pen˜a,Carlos Alfonso A ´ lvarez-Gonza´lez,Isaura Ban˜uelos-Vargas,Emmanuel Martı´nez-Montan˜o 한국식품과학회 2019 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.28 No.6
Pepsin from stomach of Bagre panamensis wassemi-purified and biochemically characterized. The acidproteolytic activity and purification fold were 3875 U/mgprotein and 91.85, respectively, after purification process. The optimum pH and temperature for semi-purified proteasewere 2–3 and 65 C, respectively. The enzymeactivity was stable after heating proteases at 50 C for120 min, but only 30% residual activity was detected afterheating at 65 C for 30 min. SDS-PAGE analysis showedtwo proteins bands after dialysis (26.1 and 38.6 kDa). Onlythe band of 38.6 kDa had proteolytic activity, which wasinhibited using pepstatin A. Organic solvents, surfactantsand reducing agents affect the proteolytic activity at differentextent; however, metal ions or EDTA have noimpact on protease activity. The semi-purified proteaseexhibited milk coagulant activity, with a maximum activityat 45 C. The obtained results highlight the potentialbiotechnological use of B. panamensis pepsin.