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Storz, Corinna,Kolb, Manuel,Kim, Jong Hyo,Weiss, Jakob,Kunz, Wolfgang G.,Nikolaou, Konstantin,Bamberg, Fabian,Othman, Ahmed E. Elsevier 2018 Academic radiology Vol.25 No.3
<P><B>Rationale and Objectives</B></P> <P>To determine the intraindividual impact of radiation dose reduction in abdominal computed tomography (CT) on diagnostic performance in patients with suspected appendicitis.</P> <P><B>Materials and Methods</B></P> <P>This study was approved by the institutional review board. Seventy-five patients who underwent standard contrast-enhanced abdominal CT for suspected appendicitis between 2004 and 2009 were retrospectively included. Low-dose CT reconstructions with 75%, 50%, and 25% of the original radiation dose level were generated by applying realistic reduced-dose simulation. Two blinded, independent readers assessed image quality, signal-to-noise ratio, and diagnostic confidence on each dataset. Diagnostic accuracy for detection of appendicitis and complications were calculated for each reader. Paired univariate tests were used to determine intraindividual differences.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Among 75 subjects included in the analysis (57% female, mean age: 41 ± 18 years), the prevalence of histopathologically confirmed appendicitis was 59%. Signal-to-noise ratio and subjective image quality of 50% and 25% reduced-dose CTs were significantly lower than the reference datasets (all <I>P</I> < .005). Appendicitis was correctly identified in all reference and low-dose datasets (sensitivity: 100%, negative predictive value: 100%). Presence of complications was correctly detected in all reference, 75%, and 50% datasets, but was decreased in 25% datasets (sensitivity: 77.8% and negative predictive value: 97.4%). Diagnostic confidence was high for original and 75% datasets, but significantly lower for 50% and 25% datasets (<I>P</I> < .001).</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Our results indicate that diagnostic accuracy in abdominal CT acquisitions acquired at 75% and 50% of radiation dose is maintained in patients with suspected appendicitis, whereas further reduction of radiation exposition is associated with decreased diagnostic performance.</P>
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A. Vasiliev,E. Kolbe,H. Ferroukhi,R. Pittarello 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.23
The paper refers to an analysis of the `H.B. Robinson-2 Pressure Vessel Benchmark' with the MCNPX code. The benchmark is based on an experiment performed at an operating PWR reactor and includes measurements for both in-vessel and ex-vessel dosimeters.With the aim to enlarge the in-house validation database of the LWR neutron fluence assessments for the Swiss reactors, an MCNPX-based analysis of this benchmark was recently performed, using the general-purpose point-wise library JEFF-3.1. The analysis was done in compliance with the benchmark specifications and using the same or similar assumptions/approximations as employed by the previous participants in order to ensure consistency in the comparison of solutions.A detailed assessment of different libraries was not performed in these past calculations because of the rather poor statistical precision achieved at that time when modeling the high-energy reactions with MCNPX. In the course of recent additional optimization studies the variances of the calculation results have been significantly reduced, allowing thereby comparing the performance of different neutron data libraries for the analysis of this benchmark. This comparison is presented in this paper and includes an assessment of the data libraries JEFF-3.1, JEFF-3.1.1, ENDF/B-VII.0 and IRDF-2002. The differences observed in the results and their potential sources are discussed.
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SUNSHINE, EARTHSHINE AND CLIMATE CHANGE: II. SOLAR ORIGINS OF VARIATIONS IN THE EARTH'S ALBEDO
GOODE P. R.,PALLE E.,YURCHYSHYN V.,QIU J.,HICKEY J.,RODRIGUEZ P. MONTANES,CHU M.-C.,KOLBE E.,BROWN C.T.,KOONIN S.E. The Korean Astronomical Society 2003 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.36 No.suppl1
There are terrestrial signatures of the solar activity cycle in ice core data (Ram & Stoltz 1999), but the variations in the sun's irradiance over the cycle seem too small to account for the signature (Lean 1997; Goode & Dziembowski 2003). Thus, one would expect that the signature must arise from an indirect effect(s) of solar activity. Such an indirect effect would be expected to manifest itself in the earth's reflectance. Further, the earth's climate depends directly on the albedo. Continuous observations of the earthshine have been carried out from Big Bear Solar Observatory since December 1998, with some more sporadic measurements made during the years 1994 and 1995. We have determined the annual albedos both from our observations and from simulations utilizing the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) scene model and various datasets for the cloud cover, as well as snow and ice cover. With these, we look for inter-annual and longer-term changes in the earth's total reflectance, or Bond albedo. We find that both our observations and simulations indicate that the albedo was significantly higher during 1994-1995 (activity minimum) than for the more recent period covering 1999-2001 (activity maximum). However, the sizes of the changes seem somewhat discrepant. Possible indirect solar influences on the earth's Bond albedo are discussed to emphasize that our earthshine data are already sufficiently precise to detect, if they occur, any meaningful changes in the earth's reflectance. Still greater precision will occur as we expand our single site observations to a global network.
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Barwe, Sonali P.,Gopalakrisnapillai, Anilkumar,Mahajan, Nitin,Druley, Todd E.,Kolb, E. Anders,Crowgey, Erin L. Korea Genome Organization 2020 Genomics & informatics Vol.18 No.1
Acute leukemia represents the most common pediatric malignancy comprising diverse subtypes with varying prognosis and treatment outcomes. New and targeted treatment options are warranted for this disease. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are increasingly being used for preclinical testing of novel treatment modalities. A novel approach involving targeted error-corrected RNA sequencing using ArcherDX HemeV2 kit was employed to compare 25 primary pediatric acute leukemia samples and their corresponding PDX samples. A comparison of the primary samples and PDX samples revealed a high concordance between single nucleotide variants and gene fusions whereas other complex structural variants were not as consistent. The presence of gene fusions representing the major driver mutations at similar allelic frequencies in PDX samples compared to primary samples and over multiple passages confirms the utility of PDX models for preclinical drug testing. Characterization and tracking of these novel cryptic fusions and exonal variants in PDX models is critical in assessing response to potential new therapies.
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