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Effect of Stress Aging Induced Precipitates on Corrosion Behavior of NiTi Shape Memory Alloys
A. Radi,J. Khalil‑Allafi,A. Heidarzadeh,G. G. Yapici,M. R. Etminanfar,S. Z. Mozafari,B. Rezaei‑Moghadam 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.10
In this study, the influences of the stress aging process on the electrochemical behaviors toward evaluating corrosion resistanceof NiTi shape memory alloys in the in-vitro condition have been investigated. For this approach, the samples havebeen manufactured by introducing multiple precipitation morphology in the alloy structure via applying different levels ofstresses during the aging process. The samples were characterized using multiply electron microscopy, electrochemicalmethods, X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry. Results show that by prolonging aging time from 1 to 5 hand increasing the stress aging level (15–60-150 MPa) the corrosion resistance improves, which is implied a better formationof a protective layer. It seems that homogeneous precipitation of Ni-rich phases under the stress aging process improvesthe corrosion resistance of the alloy.
Bergmeijer, Thomas O.,Reny, Jean-Luc,Pakyz, Ruth E.,Gong, Li,Lewis, Joshua P.,Kim, Eun-Young,Aradi, Daniel,Fernandez-Cadenas, Israel,Horenstein, Richard B.,Lee, Ming Ta Michael,Whaley, Ryan M.,Montane Elsevier 2018 American Heart Journal Vol.198 No.-
<P><B>Rationale</B></P> <P>The P2Y<SUB>12</SUB> receptor inhibitor clopidogrel is widely used in patients with acute coronary syndrome, percutaneous coronary intervention, or ischemic stroke. Platelet inhibition by clopidogrel shows wide interpatient variability, and high on-treatment platelet reactivity is a risk factor for atherothrombotic events, particularly in high-risk populations. <I>CYP2C19</I> polymorphism plays an important role in this variability, but heritability estimates suggest that additional genetic variants remain unidentified. The aim of the International Clopidogrel Pharmacogenomics Consortium (ICPC) is to identify genetic determinants of clopidogrel pharmacodynamics and clinical response.</P> <P><B>Study design</B></P> <P>Based on the data published on www.clinicaltrials.gov, clopidogrel intervention studies containing genetic and platelet function data were identified for participation. Lead investigators were invited to share DNA samples, platelet function test results, patient characteristics, and cardiovascular outcomes to perform candidate gene and genome-wide studies.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>In total, 17 study sites from 13 countries participate in the ICPC, contributing individual patient data from 8,829 patients. Available adenosine diphosphate–stimulated platelet function tests included vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein assay, light transmittance aggregometry, and the VerifyNow P2Y<SUB>12</SUB> assay. A proof-of-principle analysis based on genotype data provided by each group showed a strong and consistent association between <I>CYP2C19</I>*2 and platelet reactivity (<I>P</I> value=5.1 × 10<SUP>−40</SUP>).</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>The ICPC aims to identify new loci influencing clopidogrel efficacy by using state-of-the-art genetic approaches in a large cohort of clopidogrel-treated patients to better understand the genetic basis of on-treatment response variability.</P>