Effects of Size and Rate of Maturing on Carcass Composition of Pasture- or Feedlot- Developed Steers

Brown, A.H. Jr.,Camfield, P.K.,Baublits, R.T.,Pohlman, F.W.,Johnson, Z.B.,Brown, C.J.,Tabler, G.T.,Sandelin, B.A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.5

Steers (n = 335) of known genetic backgrounds from four fundamentally different growth types were subjected to two production systems to study the main effects and possible interactive effects on carcass composition. Growth types were animals with genetic potential for large mature weight (LL), intermediate mature weight-late maturing (IL), intermediate mature weight-early maturing (IE), and small mature weight-early maturing (SE). Each year, in a nine year study, calves of each growth type were weaned and five steers of each growth type were developed on pasture or feedlot and harvested at approximately 20 and 14 mo of age, respectively. Data recorded were chilled carcass weight and percentages of forequarter, foreshank, chuck, rib, plate, brisket, hindquarter, round, rump, shortloin, sirloin, flank, lean, fat, bone, and retail cuts. The growth $type{\times}production$ system interaction was an important source of variation in chilled carcass weight (p = 0.0395) and percentage retail cuts (p = 0.001), lean (p = 0.001), fat (p = 0.001), rump (p = 0.0454), shortloin (p = 0.0487), and flank (p = 0.001). The ranking of the growth $type{\times}production$ system means for percentage lean was LL-pasture>IL-pasture = IE-pasture = SE-pasture>LL-feedlot, IL-feedlot>IE-feedlot = SE-feedlot. The growth $type{\times}production$ system interaction was non-significant (p>0.05) for forequarter, foreshank, chuck, rib, plate, brisket, hindquarter, round and bone. Growth types of IE and SE yielded greater (p<0.05) mean forequarter than did growth types of IL and LL ($51.6{\pm}0.3$ and $51.5{\pm}0.3$ vs. $51.1{\pm}0.3$ and $50.8{\pm}0.3%$). Mean bone was highest (p<0.05) for the LL growth type and lowest (p<0.05) for the SE growth type ($19.5{\pm}0.5$ vs. $16.8{\pm}0.5%$). Mean bone was greater (p<0.05) for the pastured steers than for the feedlot steers ($21.8{\pm}0.8$ vs. $14.5{\pm}0.6%$). These data indicate that growth type responded differently in the two production systems and that these results should be helpful in the match of genetics to production resources.

Quantum conductance fluctuations in semiconductor devices

B.C. Scannell,T.P. Martin,M.S. Fairbanks,H. Linke,C.A. Marlow,T.M. Fromhold,C.V. Brown,K. Ishibashi,R.P. Taylor 한국물리학회 2008 Current Applied Physics Vol.8 No.3,4

Magneto-conductance uctuations serve as the traditional method for investigating the dynamics of electrons as they ow throughsolid-state materials. Generated by electron wave interference, their spectral content is critically sensitive to the precise scattering con-gurations in the material. In this paper, we exploit this sensitivity to study the electron dynamics in the diusive regime of semiconduc-tors where the dynamics are determined by material-induced scattering. We show that the spectral content of the uctuations measuredon diusive n+GaAs wires and quasi-ballistic AlGaAs/GaAs wires follow a fractal scaling behaviour similar to that previously observed.

Nuclear structure and β -decay schemes for Te nuclides beyond N=82

Moon, B.,Moon, C.-B.,Sö,derströ,m, P.-A.,Odahara, A.,Lozeva, R.,Hong, B.,Browne, F.,Jung, H. S.,Lee, P.,Lee, C. S.,Yagi, A.,Yuan, C.,Nishimura, S.,Doornenbal, P.,Lorusso, G.,Sumikama, T.,Watan American Physical Society 2017 Physical Review C Vol.95 No.4

<P>We study for the first time the internal structure of Te-140 through the beta-delayed gamma-ray spectroscopy of Sb-140. The very neutron-rich Sb-140 nuclei with Z = 51 and N = 89 were produced by the in-flight fission of U-238 beams at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory, RIKEN. The half-life and spin-parity of Sb-140 are reported as 173 +/- 12 ms and 3(-), respectively. In addition to the excited states of Te-140 produced by the beta-decay branch, the beta-delayed one-neutron and two-neutron emission branches were also established. By identifying the first 2(+) and 4(+) excited states of Te-140, we found that Te isotopes persist in their vibrator character with E(4(+))/E(2(+)) = 2. We discuss the distinctive features manifest in this region revealed in pairs of isotopes with the same neutron holes and particles with respect to N = 82.</P>

Cholinergic Neurons in the Basal Forebrain Promote Wakefulness by Actions on Neighboring Non-Cholinergic Neurons: An Opto-Dialysis Study

Zant, Janneke C.,Kim, Tae,Prokai, Laszlo,Szarka, Szabolcs,McNally, James,McKenna, James T.,Shukla, Charu,Yang, Chun,Kalinchuk, Anna V.,McCarley, Robert W.,Brown, Ritchie E.,Basheer, Radhika Society for Neuroscience 2016 The Journal of neuroscience Vol.36 No.6

<P>Understanding the control of sleep–wake states by the basal forebrain (BF) poses a challenge due to the intermingled presence of cholinergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic neurons. All three BF neuronal subtypes project to the cortex and are implicated in cortical arousal and sleep–wake control. Thus, nonspecific stimulation or inhibition studies do not reveal the roles of these different neuronal types. Recent studies using optogenetics have shown that “selective” stimulation of BF cholinergic neurons increases transitions between NREM sleep and wakefulness, implicating cholinergic projections to cortex in wake promotion. However, the interpretation of these optogenetic experiments is complicated by interactions that may occur within the BF. For instance, a recent <I>in vitro</I> study from our group found that cholinergic neurons strongly excite neighboring GABAergic neurons, including the subset of cortically projecting neurons, which contain the calcium-binding protein, parvalbumin (PV) (Yang et al., 2014). Thus, the wake-promoting effect of “selective” optogenetic stimulation of BF cholinergic neurons could be mediated by local excitation of GABA/PV or other non-cholinergic BF neurons. In this study, using a newly designed opto-dialysis probe to couple selective optical stimulation with simultaneous <I>in vivo</I> microdialysis, we demonstrated that optical stimulation of cholinergic neurons locally increased acetylcholine levels and increased wakefulness in mice. Surprisingly, the enhanced wakefulness caused by cholinergic stimulation was abolished by simultaneous reverse microdialysis of cholinergic receptor antagonists into BF. Thus, our data suggest that the wake-promoting effect of cholinergic stimulation requires local release of acetylcholine in the basal forebrain and activation of cortically projecting, non-cholinergic neurons, including the GABAergic/PV neurons.</P><P><B>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</B> Optogenetics is a revolutionary tool to assess the roles of particular groups of neurons in behavioral functions, such as control of sleep and wakefulness. However, the interpretation of optogenetic experiments requires knowledge of the effects of stimulation on local neurotransmitter levels and effects on neighboring neurons. Here, using a novel “opto-dialysis” probe to couple optogenetics and <I>in vivo</I> microdialysis, we report that optical stimulation of basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic neurons in mice increases local acetylcholine levels and wakefulness. Reverse microdialysis of cholinergic antagonists within BF prevents the wake-promoting effect. This important result challenges the prevailing dictum that BF cholinergic projections to cortex directly control wakefulness and illustrates the utility of “opto-dialysis” for dissecting the complex brain circuitry underlying behavior.</P>

β-delayedγ-ray spectroscopy of non-yrast states inTe138near the neutron drip line

Lee, P.,Moon, C.-B.,Lee, C. S.,Odahara, A.,Lozeva, R.,Yagi, A.,Nishimura, S.,Doornenbal, P.,Lorusso, G.,Sö,derströ,m, P.-A.,Sumikama, T.,Watanabe, H.,Isobe, T.,Baba, H.,Sakurai, H.,Browne, F. American Physical Society 2015 PHYSICAL REVIEW C - Vol.92 No.4

A SUB-SATURN MASS PLANET, MOA-2009-BLG-319Lb

Miyake, N.,Sumi, T.,Dong, Subo,Street, R.,Mancini, L.,Gould, A.,Bennett, D. P.,Tsapras, Y.,Yee, J. C.,Albrow, M. D.,Bond, I. A.,Fouqué,, P.,Browne, P.,Han, C.,Snodgrass, C.,Finet, F.,Furusawa, K IOP Publishing 2011 The Astrophysical journal Vol.728 No.2

<P>We report the gravitational microlensing discovery of a sub-Saturn mass planet, MOA-2009-BLG-319Lb, orbiting a K-or M-dwarf star in the inner Galactic disk or Galactic bulge. The high-cadence observations of the MOA-II survey discovered this microlensing event and enabled its identification as a high-magnification event approximately 24 hr prior to peak magnification. As a result, the planetary signal at the peak of this light curve was observed by 20 different telescopes, which is the largest number of telescopes to contribute to a planetary discovery to date. The microlensing model for this event indicates a planet-star mass ratio of q = (3.95 +/- 0.02) x 10(-4) and a separation of d = 0.97537 +/- 0.00007 in units of the Einstein radius. A Bayesian analysis based on the measured Einstein radius crossing time, t(E), and angular Einstein radius,theta(E), along with a standard Galactic model indicates a host star mass of M-L = 0.38(-0.18)(+0.34) M-circle dot and a planet mass of M-p = 50(-24)(+44)M(circle plus), which is half the mass of Saturn. This analysis also yields a planet-star three-dimensional separation of a = 2.4(-0.6)(+1.2) AU and a distance to the planetary system of D-L = 6.1(-1.2)(+1.1) kpc. This separation is similar to 2 times the distance of the snow line, a separation similar to most of the other planets discovered by microlensing.</P>

Photometric redshifts for the Kilo-Degree Survey : Machine-learning analysis with artificial neural networks

Bilicki, M.,Hoekstra, H.,Brown, M. J. I.,Amaro, V.,Blake, C.,Cavuoti, S.,de Jong, J. T. A.,Georgiou, C.,Hildebrandt, H.,Wolf, C.,Amon, A.,Brescia, M.,Brough, S.,Costa-Duarte, M. V.,Erben, T.,Glazebroo EDP Sciences 2018 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.616 No.-

<P>We present a machine-learning photometric redshift (ML photo-<I>z</I>) analysis of the Kilo-Degree Survey Data Release 3 (KiDS DR3), using two neural-network based techniques: ANNz2 and MLPQNA. Despite limited coverage of spectroscopic training sets, these ML codes provide photo-<I>z</I>s of quality comparable to, if not better than, those from the Bayesian Photometric Redshift (BPZ) code, at least up to <I>z</I>phot ≲ 0.9 and <I>r</I> ≲ 23.5. At the bright end of <I>r</I> ≲ 20, where very complete spectroscopic data overlapping with KiDS are available, the performance of the ML photo-<I>z</I>s clearly surpasses that of BPZ, currently the primary photo-<I>z</I> method for KiDS. Using the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) spectroscopic survey as calibration, we furthermore study how photo-<I>z</I>s improve for bright sources when photometric parameters additional to magnitudes are included in the photo-<I>z</I> derivation, as well as when VIKING and WISE infrared (IR) bands are added. While the fiducial four-band <I>ugri</I> setup gives a photo-<I>z</I> bias 〈<I>δz</I>/(1 + <I>z</I>)〉 = −2 × 10<SUP>−4</SUP> and scatter <I>σδz/(1+z)</I> < 0.022 at mean 〈<I>z</I>〉 = 0.23, combining magnitudes, colours, and galaxy sizes reduces the scatter by ~7% and the bias by an order of magnitude. Once the <I>ugri</I> and IR magnitudes are joined into 12-band photometry spanning up to 12 <I>μ</I>m, the scatter decreases by more than 10% over the fiducial case. Finally, using the 12 bands together with optical colours and linear sizes gives 〈<I>δz</I>/(1 + <I>z</I>)〉 < 4 × 10<SUP>−5</SUP> and <I>σ</I><I>δz</I>/(1+<I>z</I>) < 0.019. This paper also serves as a reference for two public photo-<I>z</I> catalogues accompanying KiDS DR3, both obtained using the ANNz2 code. The first one, of general purpose, includes all the 39 million KiDS sources with four-band <I>ugri</I> measurements in DR3. The second dataset, optimised for low-redshift studies such as galaxy-galaxy lensing, is limited to <I>r</I> ≲ 20, and provides photo-<I>z</I>s of much better quality than in the full-depth case thanks to incorporating optical magnitudes, colours, and sizes in the GAMA-calibrated photo-<I>z</I> derivation.</P>

International comparison CCQM-K119 liquefied petroleum gas

Brewer, P J,Downey, M L,Atkins, E,Brown, R J C,Brown, A S,Zalewska, E T,van der Veen, A M H,Smeulders, D E,McCallum, J B,Satumba, R T,Kim, Y D,Kang, N,Bae, H K,Woo, J C,Konopelko, L A,Popova, T A,Mesh IOP 2018 Metrologia Vol.55 No.-

<P></P> <P>Liquefied hydrocarbon mixtures with traceable composition are required in order to underpin measurements of the composition and other physical properties of LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), thus meeting the needs of an increasingly large industrial market.</P> <P>This comparison aims to assess the analytical capabilities of laboratories for measuring the composition of a Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) mixture when sampled in the liquid phase from a Constant Pressure Cylinder. Mixtures contained ethane, propane, propene, i-butane, n-butane, but-1-ene and i-pentane with nominal amount fractions of 2, 71, 9, 4, 10, 3 and 1 cmol mol<SUP>−1</SUP> respectively.</P> <H2>Main text</H2> <P> To reach the main text of this paper, click on <A HREF='https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/final_reports/QM/K119/CCQM-K119.pdf'>Final Report</A>. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database <A HREF='http://kcdb.bipm.org/'>kcdb.bipm.org/</A>.</P> <P>The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).</P>

MOA-2010-BLG-073L: AN M-DWARF WITH A SUBSTELLAR COMPANION AT THE PLANET/BROWN DWARF BOUNDARY

Street, R. A.,Choi, J.-Y.,Tsapras, Y.,Han, C.,Furusawa, K.,Hundertmark, M.,Gould, A.,Sumi, T.,Bond, I. A.,Wouters, D.,Zellem, R.,Udalski, A.,Snodgrass, C.,Horne, K.,Dominik, M.,Browne, P.,Kains, N.,Br IOP Publishing 2013 The Astrophysical journal Vol.763 No.1

<P>We present an analysis of the anomalous microlensing event, MOA-2010-BLG-073, announced by the Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics survey on 2010 March 18. This event was remarkable because the source was previously known to be photometrically variable. Analyzing the pre-event source light curve, we demonstrate that it is an irregular variable over timescales >200 days. Its dereddened color, (V - I)(S),(0), is 1.221 +/- 0.051 mag, and from our lens model we derive a source radius of 14.7 +/- 1.3 R-circle dot, suggesting that it is a red giant star. We initially explored a number of purely microlensing models for the event but found a residual gradient in the data taken prior to and after the event. This is likely to be due to the variability of the source rather than part of the lensing event, so we incorporated a slope parameter in our model in order to derive the true parameters of the lensing system. We find that the lensing system has a mass ratio of q = 0.0654 +/- 0.0006. The Einstein crossing time of the event, t(E) = 44.3 +/- 0.1 days, was sufficiently long that the light curve exhibited parallax effects. In addition, the source trajectory relative to the large caustic structure allowed the orbital motion of the lens system to be detected. Combining the parallax with the Einstein radius, we were able to derive the distance to the lens, D-L = 2.8 +/- 0.4 kpc, and the masses of the lensing objects. The primary of the lens is an M-dwarf with M-L,M-1 = 0.16 +/- 0.03 M-circle dot, while the companion has M-L,M-2 = 11.0 +/- 2.0 M-J, putting it in the boundary zone between planets and brown dwarfs.</P>

Effect of Beef Growth Type on Cooking Loss, Tenderness, and Chemical Composition of Pasture- or Feedlot-developed Steers

Brown, A.H.,Camfield, P.K.,Rowe, C.W.,Rakes, L.Y.,Pohlman, F.W.,Johnson, Z.B.,Tabler, G.T.,Sandelin, B.A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.11

Steers (n = 335) of known genetic background from four fundamentally different growth types were subjected to two production systems to study differences in cooking loss (CL), tenderness, and chemical composition. Growth types were animals with genetic potential for large mature weight-late maturing (LL), intermediate mature weight-late maturing (IL), intermediate mature weight -early maturing (IE), and small mature weight-early maturing (SE). Each year, in a nine-year study, calves of each growth type were weaned and five steers of each growth type were developed on pasture or feedlot and harvested at approximately 20 and 14 mo of age, respectively. Data collected were CL and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBS) for the Longissimus dorsi (LM), Psoas major (PS), and Quadriceps femoris (QF) muscles. Chemical composition was also determined from the right fore- and hindquarter. Data were analyzed using least squares analysis of variance for unequal subclass numbers. The beef growth $type{\times}production$ system interaction was significant for CL and WBS of the LM and ash in the lean trim of the forequarter. Growth types of LL and IL had greater (p<0.05) mean percentage CL in the PS and QF muscles than did IE and SE steers. Growth type LL had the highest (p<0.05) mean for both moisture and protein in the fore- and hindquarters; while SE had the lowest numerical mean value for moisture and protein in the fore- and hindquarters. Shear force of the PS did not differ (p>0.05) among steers of the four growth types. Increasing challenges to the cattle feeding industry may dictate that pasture development play a larger role in future production regimes. Producers should strive to match genetic growth type with available resources in order to remain viable and continue producing a quality product.