Patterns of Impaired Neurocognitive Performance on the Global Neuropsychological Assessment, and Their Brain Structural Correlates in Recent-onset and Chronic Schizophrenia

Vineeth Mohan(Vineeth Mohan ),Pravesh Parekh(Pravesh Parekh ),Ammu Lukose(Ammu Lukose ),Sydney Moirangthem(Sydney Moirangthem ),Jitender Saini(Jitender Saini ),David J. Schretlen(David J. Schretlen ) 대한정신약물학회 2023 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.21 No.2

Objective: Schizophrenia is associated with impairment in multiple cognitive domains. There is a paucity of research on the effect of prolonged illness duration (≥ 15 years) on cognitive performance along multiple domains. In this pilot study, we used the Global Neuropsychological Assessment (GNA), a brief cognitive battery, to explore the patterns of cognitive impairment in recent-onset (≤ 2 years) compared to chronic schizophrenia (≥ 15 years), and correlate cognitive performance with brain morphometry in patients and healthy adults. Methods: We assessed cognitive performance in patients with recent-onset (n = 17, illness duration ≤ 2 years) and chronic schizophrenia (n = 14, duration ≥ 15 years), and healthy adults (n = 16) using the GNA and examined correlations between cognitive scores and gray matter volumes computed from T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging images. Results: We observed cognitive deficits affecting multiple domains in the schizophrenia samples. Selectively greater impairment of perceptual comparison speed was found in adults with chronic schizophrenia (p = 0.009, η2 partial = 0.25). In the full sample (n = 47), perceptual comparison speed correlated significantly with gray matter volumes in the anterior and medial temporal lobes (TFCE, FWE p < 0.01). Conclusion: Along with generalized deficit across multiple cognitive domains, selectively greater impairment of perceptual comparison speed appears to characterize chronic schizophrenia. This pattern might indicate an accelerated or premature cognitive aging. Anterior-medial temporal gray matter volumes especially of the left hemisphere might underlie the impairment noted in this domain in schizophrenia.

Effect of inducible co-overexpression of protein disulfide isomerase and endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase on the specific antibody productivity of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cells

Mohan, Chaya,Lee, Gyun Min Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2010 Biotechnology and bioengineering Vol.107 No.2

<P>To enhance specific antibody (Ab) productivity (q<SUB>Ab</SUB>) of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells, post-translational limitations in the endoplasmic reticulum during antibody production should be relieved. Previously, we reported that overexpression of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), which catalyzes disulfide bond exchanges and assists in protein folding of newly synthesized proteins, enhanced q<SUB>Ab</SUB> of rCHO cells by about 27% (Mohan et al., 2007, Biotechnol Bioeng 98:611–615) . Since the rate limiting step in disulfide bond formation is found to be the regeneration of oxidized PDI, the oxidation state of PDI, as well as the amount of PDI, might be important. Endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase (ERO1L) maintains PDI in an oxidized state so that disulfide bond formation occurs. Here, PDI and its helper protein, ERO1L were overexpressed in rCHO cells producing an Ab in an attempt to ease the bottleneck in disulfide bond formation, and hence, Ab folding and secretion. Transient expression of ERO1L alone and with PDI resulted in enhanced q<SUB>Ab</SUB> by 37% and 55%, respectively. In contrast, under stable inducible co-overexpression of PDI and ERO1L, the q<SUB>Ab</SUB> was unaffected or negatively affected by varying degrees, depending on the individual expression levels of these genes. In stable clones with altered oxidation state of PDI due to co-overexpression of PDI and ERO1L, secretion of Ab was hindered and PDI-associated retention of Ab was seen in the cells. Under transient gene expression, secretion of Ab was not compromised. The data presented here suggests a possible mechanism of PDI/ERO1L interaction with the target Ab and shows how the expression levels of these proteins could affect the q<SUB>Ab</SUB> of this Ab-producing rCHO cell line. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 337–346. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</P>

Quantum Sensing Research: A Scientometric Assessment of Global Publications during 1991-2020

Brij Mohan Gupta,Surinder Mohan Dhawan,Ghouse Modin Mamdapur 건국대학교 GLOCAL(글로컬)캠퍼스 지식콘텐츠연구소 2022 International Journal of Knowledge Content Develop Vol.12 No.3

The study presents a global research scenario in the domain of quantum sensing in quantitative and qualitative terms. The study is based on an analysis of 588 global publications in the field, sourced from the Scopus database for the period 1991-2020. The study identified key countries, organizations and authors, network collaborative linkages at national, institutional, and author level. In addition, it identified broad subject areas intersecting quantum sensing research, key journals for research communications, and broad characteristics of highly-cited papers. The study finds that the USA and Germany lead the world ranking in quantum sensing research with a combined share of 50% to the global output. The USA, Germany, and Italy are the home countries to 13 of the top 15 most productive organizations, and also the home countries to 14 of the top 15 most productive authors in the subject. The top journals publishing most research publications are Physical Review A, Physical Review Letters and New Journal of Physics. However, in the most cited journals list in the subject, Agriculture & Forest Meterology, Science and Physical Review A tops the list.

The role of rectal diclofenac and aggressive hydration with Ringer's lactate in preventing post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis in high-risk patients

Sharma Vivek Mohan,Mathur Amit,Goyal Mohan Babu,Jat Shankar Lal 소화기인터벤션의학회 2023 International journal of gastrointestinal interven Vol.12 No.2

Background: Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP) is a common complication of therapeutic endoscopy. The aim of this trial was to determine whether a combination of rectal diclofenac and vigorous hydration with Ringer’s lactate is superior to the correspond-ing individual treatments for preventing PEP in high-risk patients. Methods: This randomized, open-label, controlled trial was conducted from August 2020 to January 2022. We included patients who were at high risk of developing PEP. Three intervention groups were made: group A, diclofenac sodium suppository (100 mg); group B, aggressive hydration with Ringer’s lactate; group C, a combination of diclofenac and aggressive hydration. PEP was defined as a serum amylase level > 3 times the upper limit of normal with epigastric pain within 24 hours after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.Results: A total of 144 patients were included and 48 cases were randomized to each intervention group. The incidence of PEP was 8.3%, 10.4%, and 8.3% in groups A, B, and C, respectively. A personal history of alcohol consumption and more than one pancreatic duct guidewire cannulation were significantly associated with the development of PEP.Conclusion: No difference in the incidence of PEP was observed with or without the use of aggressive hydration. Combining aggressive hydration with a rectal nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for preventing PEP cannot be recommended.

Indigo Song-Batik Process

Mohan Wang,Miao Zhang 한국콘텐츠학회 2014 ICCC International Digital Design Invitation Exhib Vol.10 No.2

Anxiolytic effect of chronic ginseng treatment using elevated T-maze in mice

Mohan, M,Kasture, SB,Balaraman, R Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2007 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.7 No.1

The roots of the plant Korean ginseng have been extensively used in the traditional Chinese herbal medicine. The effects of chronic administration of Korean ginseng extract (KGE) were investigated on two different anxiety models: the elevated T-maze (for inhibitory avoidance and escape measurements) and the open field test (OFT). Diazepam (1 mg/kg), KGE (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg) were administered orally for 15 days. On the 14th day, mice were previously exposed for 30 min to one of the open arms of the T-maze, 24 h before the test. On 15th day, mice had two exposures to the enclosed and open arm of the elevated T-maze followed by exposure to the open field apparatus. The number of line crossings in the apparatus was used to assess locomotor changes. Cumulative Concentration Response Curve of 5-HT was plotted using rat fundus which were pre-treated in a similar way. Treatment with Diazepam (1 mg/kg) and KGE (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.05) impaired inhibitory avoidance performance but did not impair escape latency. In OFT, diazepam facilitated locomotion as compared to vehicle and other treatment groups. KGE at any of the selected doses did not impair locomotion. Concentration response curve of 5-HT was shifted towards the right with suppression of maxima in rats treated with KGE. The results suggest that KGE exerts anxiolytic like behaviour in a specific subset of defensive behaviour, particularly those related to generalized anxiety disorder.

Current Status of Laparoscopic Liver Resection: Experiences from Tertiary Center

Mohan Periyasamy,한호성,조재영,윤유석,최영록,장재성,권성욱,김성호,최장규,Hanisah Guro 대한내시경복강경외과학회 2017 Journal of Minimally Invasive Surgery Vol.20 No.4

Laparoscopic liver resection has been widely accepted nowadays for selective cases of liver diseases. Laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy and minor LLR are considered standard practice worldwide and cautious introduction of major laparoscopic liver resections like hemihepatectomies, central sectionectomy etc.. in institutions having experienced liver surgeons. Because of increasing young liver donor, laparoscopic donor hepatectomy is becoming popular, which gives better cosmetic outcomes. Many clinical trials compared laparoscopic liver resection safety, long term outcomes with open procedures. More recently, advances in laparoscopic instruments and techniques encouraged Korean surgeons to choose a laparoscopic procedure as one of the treatment options for benign or malignant diseases of liver.

Relative Microalgal Concentration in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica during Late Austral Summer, 2006

Mohan, Rahul,Shukla, Sunil Kumar,Anilkumar, N.,Sudhakar, M.,Prakash, Satya,Ramesh, R. The Korean Society of Phycology 2009 ALGAE Vol.24 No.3

Microalgae using a submersible fluorescence probe in water column (up to 100 m) were measured during the austral summer of 2006 (February) in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica (triangular-shaped embayment in the Indian sector of Southern Ocean). Concurrently, environmental parameters such as temperature, salinity and nitrogen (nitrate, ammonium, urea) uptake rates were measured. The concentration of phytoplankton is relatively high due to availability of high nutrients and low sea surface temperature. Phytoplankton community is dominated by diatoms whereas cryptophytes are in low concentration. The maximum concentration of total chlorophyll is 14.87 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ and is attributed to upwelled subsurface winter water due to local wind forcing, availability of micro-nutrients and increased attenuation of photosynthetically available radiation (PAR). Concentration of blue-green algae is low compared to that of green algae because of low temperature. Comparatively high concentration of yellow substances is due to the influence of Antarctic melt-water whereas cryptophytes are low due to high salinity and mixed water column. Varied concentrations of phytoplankton at different times of Fluoroprobe measurements suggest that the coastal waters of Prydz Bay are influenced by changing sub-surface water temperature and salinity due to subsurface upwelling induced by local winds as also melting/freezing processes in late summer. The productivity is high in coastal water due to the input of macro as well as micro-nutrients.

Cortical Auditory Event Related Potentials (P300) for Frequency Changing Dynamic Tones

Mohan Kumar Kalaiah,Usha Shastri 대한청각학회 2016 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.20 No.1

Background and Objectives: P300 has been studied with a variety of stimuli. However, the nature of P300 has not been investigated for deviant stimuli which change its characteristics from standard stimuli after a period of time from onset. Subjects and Methods: Nine young adults with normal hearing participated in the study. The P300 was elicited using an oddball paradigm, the probability of standard and deviant stimuli was 80% and 20% respectively. Six stimuli were used to elicit P300, it included two pure-tones (1,000 Hz and 2,000 Hz) and four tone-complexes (tones with frequency changes). Among these stimuli, 1,000 Hz tone served as standard while others served as deviant stimuli. The P300 was recorded in five separate blocks, with one of the deviant stimuli as target in each block. Electroencephalographic was recorded from electrode sites Fz, Cz, C3, C4, and Pz. Latency and amplitude of components of the cortical auditory evoked potentials were measured at Cz. Results: Waveforms obtained in the present study shows that, all the deviant stimuli elicited obligatory P1-N1-P2 for stimulus onset. 2,000 Hz deviant tone elicited P300 at a latency of 300 ms. While, tone-complexes elicited acoustic change complex (ACC) for frequency changes and finally elicited P300 at a latency of 600 ms. In addition, the results showed shorter latency and larger amplitude ACC and P300 for rising tone-complexes compared to falling tone-complexes. Conclusions: Tone-complexes elicited distinct waveforms compared to 2,000 Hz deviant tone. Rising tone-complexes which had an increase in frequency elicited shorter latency and larger amplitude responses, which could be attributed to perceptual bias for frequency changes.

Role of Active Listening and Listening Effort on Contralateral Suppression of Transient Evoked Otoacousic Emissions

Mohan Kumar Kalaiah,Nikhitha B Theruvan,Kaushlendra Kumar,Jayashree S Bhat 대한청각학회 2017 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.21 No.1

Background and Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of active listening and listening effort on the contralateral suppression of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (CSTEOAEs). Subjects and Methods: Twenty eight young adults participated in the study. Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) were recorded using ‘linear’ clicks at 60 dB peSPL, in three contralateral noise conditions. In condition 1, TEOAEs were obtained in the presence of white noise in the contralateral ear. While, in condition 2, speech was embedded into white noise at +3, -3, and -9 dB signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) and delivered to the contralateral ear. The SNR was varied to investigate the effect of listening effort on the CSTEOAE. In condition 3, speech was played backwards and embedded into white noise at -3 dB SNR. The conditions 1 and 3 served as passive listening condition and the condition 2 served as active listening condition. In active listening condition, the participants categorized the words in to two groups (e.g., animal and vehicle). Results: CSTEOAE was found to be largest in the presence of white noise, and the amount of CSTEOAE was not significantly different between active and passive listening conditions (condition 2 and 3). Listening effort had an effect on the CSTEOAE, the amount of suppression increased with listening effort, when SNR was decreased from +3 dB to -3 dB. However, when the SNR was further reduced to -9 dB, there was no further increase in the amount of CSTEOAE, instead there was a reduction in the amount of suppression. Conclusions: The findings of the present study show that listening effort might affect CSTEOAE.