Synthesis and Characterization of Mg-Matrix Based TiO2/Al2O3 Composite Materials

Mohammad Sohail,Sanaullah Khan,Shafiq ur Rahman,Bilal Ahmad,Adnan Adnan,Ihsan Ullah 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.4

Based on low density, Mg metal-based composites exhibit high specific mechanical properties and are actively used for weightcritical structural application. In the present study, Mg-matrix based TiO2/Al2O3 composite materials were synthesized byusing the powder metallurgy (Solid-phase) technique. Parameters such as the concentration of the components, temperature,and pressure were optimized before experiments. Different conditions such as temperature (30 °C) and pressure (760 mmof Hg) were also optimized. Pellets of the Mg-based composites and their pure constituent counterparts of various diameters(10–20 cm) were prepared under 50 tons of hydraulic pressure. Single-phase homogenous composites were obtainedby undertaking the pellets through sintering in an electric furnace at elevated temperature (600 °C) for 1 h. The preparedmaterials were tested for different properties using various physicochemical techniques such as Fourier transform infraredspectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Surface area analyzer. FTIRresults confirmed composite formation. SEM revealed microstructures of all materials in the μm range. XRD proved thephase-distribution and crystallinity of the prepared materials. It was found that 2 and 3-component systems are homogenizedwhen prepared by the powder metallurgy technique. The surface area of all materials was confirmed using the BET adsorptionisotherm equation. The surface area of the prepared composites was found to be in the range from 40 to 70 m2/g. Suchproperties enable these materials for potential application in solar reflectance and as a catalyst in liquid phase hydrogenation.

Blends of polyurethane-polymethyl methacrylate/TiO2-based composites

Mohammad Zuber,Shazia Tabasum,Rizwan Hussain,Muhammad Bilal Khan,Iftikhar Hussain Bukhari 한국화학공학회 2013 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.30 No.8

Polyurethanes (PUs) prepolymer was prepared by the reaction of toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) and poly caprolactone diols and the chain was further extended with 1,4-butane diol (1,4-BDO) to get final polyurethane (PU). FTIR spectra of the monomers, PU prepolymer, chain extender and final PU confirmed the reaction progress. A series of blends were prepared by varying the percent compositions of prepared PU, procured polymethyl methacylates (PMMA)and titanium dioxide (TiO2). Pellets were formed from the prepared blends (PU-PMMA/TiO2) using a self-designed mechanical tool. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were also taken to confirm the incorporation of the TiO2contents into the prepared blends. Mechanical properties such as hardness and compressive strength were studied and discussed. The results of the study reveal that the blended sample having 80% PU, 20% PMMA content with 2.5 g TiO2 in 100 g mixture of PU and PMMA is very suitable for suggesting dental materials.

Application of conventional and modified cloud point extraction for simultaneous enrichment of cadmium, lead and copper in lake water and fish muscles

Muhammad Bilal,Tasneem G. Kazi,Hassan I. Afridi,Mohammad Balal Arain,Jameel A. Baig,Mustafa Khan,Naeemullah Khan 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.40 No.-

A new method based on modification of cloud point extraction for simultaneous enrichment ofcadmium, lead and copper in water and fish muscle samples was proposed. The extraction efficiency bymodified cloud point extraction (m-CPE) was compared with conventional cloud point extraction (c-CPE)method. The procedure for both CPE methods was comprised of formation of metal complexes with ahydrophobic chelating agent, dithizone, followed by entrapment of the chelates in a nonionic surfactant,Triton X-114. For c-CPE, the surfactant rich phase was treated with ethanolic solution of nitric acid andanalyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrometer (FAAS). Whereas for m-CPE, aqueous nitric acid wasused to back extract the metal ions from the surfactant rich phase and finally determined. The efficiencyof the methods was tested by analyzing certified reference material and standard addition to a realsample. All the experimental parameters were optimized. At optimized experimental conditions,preconcentration and enhancement factors were 62.5 and 78.0 to 83.0 respectively for m-CPE, 25.0 and56.0% higher than that of c-CPE. This improvement might be due to elimination of the effects ofsurfactant on the signal of analytes by FAAS. The developed method of m-CPE was applied successfullyfor analysis of the selected heavy metals in water and muscle tissues samples of fish of different lakes inSindh, Pakistan.

Zero-inflated Poisson-Akash distribution for count data with excessive zeros

Wani Mohammad Kafeel,Ahmad Peer Bilal 한국통계학회 2023 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.52 No.3

Over-dispersed models are often used whenever the variation is more than what in point of fact is anticipated by a model. One of the reasons behind experiencing over-dispersion is an excessive number of zeros, hence when modeling this observed fact, we use zero-inflated models rather than more traditional ones. As a part of our research, we have suggested a zero-inflated variant of Poisson-Akash distribution that was introduced in 2015. We have calculated crucial statistical characteristics of the suggested model which are not confined to generating functions, over-dispersion property, moments and associated measures. The parametric estimation has been carried out using the maximum likelihood estimation. Two different simulation exercises have been carried out, one to test the performance of maximum likelihood estimates and the other for testing the compatibility of our devised model when data has been simulated from different zero-inflated models. For the purpose of testing the compatibility of our proposed model, we have used four real life data sets and considered different performance measures like Goodness-of-fit, Akaike’s information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, Dispersion index etc. The fitting results have been compared with some other models of interest. Moreover, we have tested the significance of the zero-inflation parameter using Likelihood ratio test, Score test and the Wald test itself.

The expression of cyanobacterial glycolate–decarboxylation pathway genes improves biomass accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana

Misbah Bilal,Anum Zeb Abbasi,Ghazal Khurshid,Charilaos Yiotis,Jamshaid Hussain,Mohammad Maroof Shah,Tatheer Naqvi,권석윤,박연일,Bruce Osborne,Raza Ahmad 한국식물생명공학회 2019 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.13 No.4

Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing cyanobacterial decarboxylation genes GLCD1 (GLYCOLATE DEHYDROGENASE I), HDH (HYDROXYACID DEHYDROGENASE), ODC (OXALATE DECARBOXYLASE) alone, and HDH::ODC simultaneously were successfully developed. Plants independently expressing GLCD1, HDH, ODC, and HDH::ODC were referred to as GD, HD, OX, and HX plants, respectively. The single-copy homozygous GD, HD, OX, and HX plants exhibited appreciable expression of chimeric genes. Phenotypic characterization demonstrated that rosette diameter of GD, HD, OX, and HX was 20, 22, 17, and 16% higher than wild-type (WT) plants. Total numbers of leaves were 32, 35, 37, and 34% more than WT plants after 32 days of sowing. Similarly, all transgenic plants produced more cauline branches than WT plants. All transgenic plants gained more height as compared to WT when recorded after 42 days of growth except HX transgenic plants. Plants vegetative dry biomass was 43% (GD), 35% (HD), 42% (OX), and 36% (HX) higher than WT plants. This is the first report on characterization of cyanobacterial decarboxylation pathway genes, which will pave the way for transformation of complete pathway in plants for better biomass accumulation.

Phenol removal and hydrogen production from water: Silver nanoparticles decorated on polyaniline wrapped zinc oxide nanorods

Asim Jilani,Mohammad Omaish Ansari,Ghani ur Rehman,Muhammad Bilal Shakoor,Syed Zajif Hussain,Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman,Sajid Rashid Ahmad,Mohsin Raza Dustgeer,Ahmed Alshahrie 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.109 No.-

The toxic and carcinogenic organic compounds discharge from industries, contaminate the natural reservoirsof water and air which eventually pose a global threat not only to the aquatic life but also to thehumanity. Herein, ternary nanocomposites of silver-nanoparticle (AgNPs)-decorated on polyaniline(Pani)-wrapped zinc oxide nanorods (AgNPs@Pani/ZnO) were prepared via a facile approach. Thenanocomposite degraded 97.91% phenol with an optimized dosage and concentration of H2O2. Moreover, the apparent rate constant for phenol degradation was 3.69 times higher than for pure ZnOnanorods. The hydrogen production from AgNPs@Pani/ZnO was 1.58 and 2.74 times higher than Pani/ZnO and ZnO, respectively. The enhanced phenol degradation and hydrogen production is attributed tothe transfer of holes to the Pani, from which the electrons were transferred to the conduction band ofZnO and eventually to the conduction band of the AgNPs, where they accelerated the redox reactionsfor rapid photolysis of water and phenol. The concentration of the catalyst dosage affected the rate ofphenol degradation. Further, response surface methodology was also applied in order to design 13 setsof random experiments in which the catalyst dosage and degradation time were varied to predict thephenol degradation.

On Sampled Data Regulation of Feedback Linearizable Systems using a Realizable Reconstruction Filter

Muwaida Liaquat,Mohammad Bilal Malik 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2013 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.11 No.6

This paper deals with the classical problem of regulating a feedback linearizable system when only the samples of the output are available for measurement. The feedback linearization is done via an impulsive observer. The realizable reconstruction filter, which is a minimum order generalized hold device, connects the discrete controller with the continuous input of the system. The rest of the problem is similar to the classical regulator theory. An example of single link manipulator with flexible joints concludes the paper.

The Clinical and Metabolic Effects of Intragastric Balloon on Morbid Obesity and Its Related Comorbidities

Joon Hyun Cho,Mohammad Bilal,Min Cheol Kim,Jonah Cohen,The Study Group for Endoscopic Bariatric and Metabolic Therapies of the Korean Society of Gastrointe 대한소화기내시경학회 2021 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.54 No.1

Obesity is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide, and its metabolic sequelae lead to a significant burden on healthcareresources. Options for the management of obesity include lifestyle modification, pharmacological treatment, surgery, and endoscopicbariatric therapies (EBTs). Among these, EBTs are more effective than diet and lifestyle modification and are less invasive thanbariatric surgery. In recent years, there have been significant advances in technologies pertaining to EBTs. Of all the available EBTs,there is a significant amount of clinical experience and published data regarding intragastric balloons (IGBs) because of theircomparatively long development period. Currently, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved threeIGBs, including Orbera (Apollo Endosurgery, Austin, TX, USA), ReShape Duo (ReShape Medical, San Clemente, CA, USA), andObalon (Obalon Therapeutics, Carlsbad, CA, USA). The aim of this review is to summarize the available literature on the efficacy ofIGBs in weight loss and their impact on obesity-related metabolic diseases.

Seasonal Impacts on the Incidence of Esophageal Variceal Hemorrhage: A Nationwide Analysis across a Decade

Mohamed Tausif Siddiqui,Mohammad Bilal,Khwaja Fahad Haq,Christopher Nabors,Beth Schorr-Lesnick,David C. Wolf 대한소화기내시경학회 2020 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.53 No.2

Background/Aims: Seasonal variation has previously been reported in relation to the incidence of non-variceal upper gastrointestinalbleeding; however, the impact of seasonal variation on variceal bleeding is not known. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database from 2005 to 2014. InternationalClassification of Diseases, Clinical Modification- 9th Revision codes were used to identify patients hospitalized with a primary orsecondary diagnosis of esophageal variceal hemorrhage. The data were analyzed based on the month of hospitalization. Our primaryaim was to assess seasonal variations in variceal bleeding-related hospitalizations. The secondary aims were to assess the impact ofseasonal variation on outcomes in variceal bleeding including in-hospital mortality and healthcare resource utilization. Results: A total of 348,958 patients hospitalized with esophageal variceal bleeding were included. The highest number of hospitalizationswas reported in December (99.3/day) and the lowest was reported in June (90.8/day). In-hospital mortality was highest in January (11.5%)and lowest in June (9.8%). There was no significant difference in hospital length of stay or total hospitalization costs across all months inall years combined. Conclusions: There appears to be a seasonal variation in the incidence and mortality of variceal hemorrhage in the United States. December was the month with the highest number of daily hospitalizations while the nadir occurred in June.

Efficacy of wire-guided biopsy forceps for tissue sampling in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a preliminary experience

Manaswita Tappata,Nicholas M. McDonald,Mohamed Abdallah,Mohammad Bilal 대한소화기내시경학회 2023 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.56 No.4

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