STUDY OF REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL OF BALUCHI SHEEP ON RANGES IN BALUCHISTAN

Rafiq, Mohammed,Sultani, M.I.,Munir, M.,Arshad, A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1990 Animal Bioscience Vol.3 No.3

A reproductive potential trial using randomized complete block design with $3{\times}3{\times}2$ factorial, was conducted on 84 Baluchi yearling ewes. Ewes grazed on rangeland dominated by Artemisia maritime and Holoxylon grifthii with or without flushing and supplementation of barley grain (BG) and cotton-seed-cake (CSC) during premating, late pregnancy and lactation of 90 days. Analysis of variance revealed that conception rate which ranged 64.28 to 85.71, was significantly greater (p<.05) in ewes flushed with CSC followed by ewes under BG or control feeding regimes. During the gestation period, liveweight of ewes changed from 31.24 to 21.2 kg. A loss of 32% of initial body weight was observed at lambing. Losses in live weight of ewes, regardless the supplementation, were uniform and non-significantly different. Live weight of ewes at lambing and weaning were also similar. Birth weight of lambs was significantly different at p<.05. Lambs born to larger ewes seemed to be heavier than lighter ones. Lambs suckling to ewes with losses in body weight during lactation gained more weight which was significantly different at p<.05. In the paper, factors affecting the conception rate, changes in liveweight of ewes during gestation and lactation and subsequently growth of lambs are discussed.

Exfoliated nanosheets of Co3O4 webbed with polyaniline nanofibers: A novel composite electrode material for enzymeless glucose sensing application

Mohamed A. Yassin,Bishnu Kumar Shrestha,Rafiq Ahmad,Sita Shrestha,박찬희,김철상 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.73 No.-

A novel glucose biosensor was designed using cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanosheets patterned byp-conjugated polyaniline nanofibers (PANINFs). A facile synthesis process was conducted to obtaincost-effective and ecofriendly mesoporous Co3O4@PANINFs hybrid nanomaterial for thefirst time. TheCo3O4@PANINFs on glassy carbon electrode (GCE), working as a biosensor electrode based onelectrochemical technique, showed electrocatalytic activity to glucose with sensitivity of 14.25 mAmM 1cm 2, linear range from (0.1 to 8) mM, minimum detection limit of 0.06 mM, and response time<6 s. Moreover, the biosensor was employed to monitor glucose concentration in human serum sample toprovide effective sensing results.

IM-133N - A Useful Herbal Combination for Eradicating Disease-triggering Pathogens in Mice via Immunotherapeutic Mechanisms

Syed Firashathulla,Mohammed Naseeruddin Inamdar,Mohamed Rafiq,Gollapalle Lakshminarayanashastry Viswanatha,Lakkavalli Mohan Sharath Kumar,Uddagiri Venkanna Babu,Shyam Ramakrishnan,Rangesh Paramesh 대한약침학회 2016 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.19 No.1

Objectives: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the immunomodulatory (IM) activity of IM-133N, a herbal combination in various immunotherapeutic experimental models. Methods: The IM activity of IM-133N was evaluated against three experimental models namely, effect of IM- 133N against Escherichia coli (E. coli)-induced abdominal sepsis in mice, and carbon clearance test was performed in Wistar albino rats to evaluated the phagocytic potential of IM-133N, in addition IM-133N was evaluated for its immunoglobulin enhancing potential in rats, where the immunoglobulin levels were measured by zinc sulphate turbity (ZST) test. Further, IM-133N was subjected for detailed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS analysis to identify the probable active constituents present in it. Results: The findings of the present study has demonstrated very promising IM property of IM-133N in all the experimental models. Briefly, pretreatment with IM-133N at 125, 250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg, p.o. doses had protected the mice against E. coli-induced abdominal sepsis and mortality, further the effect of IM- 133N was found to be significant and dose-dependent. In support of this, in another study administration of IM-133N showed a significant and dose-dependent increase in serum immunoglobulin levels, estimated by ZST test. In line with the above findings, in the carbon clearance test the low doses (125 and 250 mg/ kg, p.o.) of IM-133N increased the rate of carbon clearance, whereas the higher doses (500 and 1,000 mg/kg, p.o.) did not sustain the response, and saturation effect was considered as one of the possible reason for futility of higher doses for IM-133N. In addition, A detailed LC-MS/MS analysis of IM-133N showed 17 bioactive phytochemical constituents: namely, apigenin, chaulmoogric acid, mesquitol, quercetin, symphoxanthone, salireposide, β-sitosterol, nonaeicosanol, β-amyrin, betulic acid, oleanolic acid, symplososide, symponoside, symploveroside, symplocomoside, symconoside A and locoracemoside B. Conclusion: These findings suggest that IM-133N possesses significant IM activity and, hence, could be useful for eradicating opportunistic disease-triggering pathogens via immunotherapeutic mechanisms. The findings also suggest IM-133N may also useful in other immunity disorders.

IM-133N - A Useful Herbal Combination for Eradicating Disease-triggering Pathogens in Mice via Immunotherapeutic Mechanisms

Firashathulla, Syed,Inamdar, Mohammed Naseeruddin,Rafiq, Mohamed,Viswanatha, Gollapalle Lakshminarayanashastry,Kumar, Lakkavalli Mohan Sharath,Babu, Uddagiri Venkanna,Ramakrishnan, Shyam,Paramesh, Ran KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2016 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.19 No.1

Objectives: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the immunomodulatory (IM) activity of IM-133N, a herbal combination in various immunotherapeutic experimental models. Methods: The IM activity of IM-133N was evaluated against three experimental models namely, effect of IM-133N against Escherichia coli (E. coli)-induced abdominal sepsis in mice, and carbon clearance test was performed in Wistar albino rats to evaluated the phagocytic potential of IM-133N, in addition IM-133N was evaluated for its immunoglobulin enhancing potential in rats, where the immunoglobulin levels were measured by zinc sulphate turbity (ZST) test. Further, IM-133N was subjected for detailed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS analysis to identify the probable active constituents present in it. Results: The findings of the present study has demonstrated very promising IM property of IM-133N in all the experimental models. Briefly, pretreatment with IM-133N at 125, 250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg, p.o. doses had protected the mice against E. coli-induced abdominal sepsis and mortality, further the effect of IM-133N was found to be significant and dose-dependent. In support of this, in another study administration of IM-133N showed a significant and dose-dependent increase in serum immunoglobulin levels, estimated by ZST test. In line with the above findings, in the carbon clearance test the low doses (125 and 250 mg/kg, p.o.) of IM-133N increased the rate of carbon clearance, whereas the higher doses (500 and 1,000 mg/kg, p.o.) did not sustain the response, and saturation effect was considered as one of the possible reason for futility of higher doses for IM-133N. In addition, A detailed LC-MS/MS analysis of IM-133N showed 17 bioactive phytochemical constituents: namely, apigenin, chaulmoogric acid, mesquitol, quercetin, symphoxanthone, salireposide, ${\beta}$-sitosterol, nonaeicosanol, ${\beta}$-amyrin, betulic acid, oleanolic acid, symplososide, symponoside, symploveroside, symplocomoside, symconoside A and locoracemoside B. Conclusion: These findings suggest that IM-133N possesses significant IM activity and, hence, could be useful for eradicating opportunistic disease-triggering pathogens via immunotherapeutic mechanisms. The findings also suggest IM-133N may also useful in other immunity disorders.

Evaluation of Bacopa monniera for its Synergistic Activity with Rivastigmine in Reversing Aluminum-Induced Memory Loss and Learning Deficit in Rats

Agadi Hiremath Thippeswamy,Mohamed Rafiq,Gollapalle Lakshminarayana shastry Viswa,Kethaganahalli J. Kavya,Suryakanth D. Anturlikar,Pralhad S. Patki 사단법인약침학회 2013 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.6 No.4

The objective of this study was to evaluate the synergistic activity of Bacopa monniera with Rivastigmine against aluminum-chloride (AlCl3)-induced cognitive impairment in rats. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into ten groups (n = 10) and subjected to their assigned treatments for 42 days. On the 20th day of the respective drug treatments, all the animals were trained in the Morris water maze (retention latency) and the elevated plus maze (transfer latency). After the initial training, the retention latency (RL) and the transfer latency (TL) were evaluated on the 21st and the 42nd days of the study. Chronic administration of AlCl3 caused significant memory impairment associated with increased RL in the Morris water maze task and increased TL in the elevated plus maze test. Interestingly, animals treated with oral administration of B. monniera (100 and 200 mg/kg), Rivastigmine (5 mg/kg) or a combination of B. monniera (100 mg/kg) with Rivastigmine (5 mg/kg) showed significant protection against AlCl3-induced memory impairment compared to animal treated with AlCl3 per se. Additionally, the neuroprotective effect of B. monniera (100 and 200 mg/kg) was significantly improved when supplemented with Rivastigmine (5 mg/kg). These findings suggest that treatment with a combination of B. monniera with Rivastigmine may be highly beneficial compared to their per-se treatment.

Transdermal Delivery of Crocin Using Bacterial Nanocellulose Membrane

Mustapha Abba,Zaharah Ibrahim,Chun Shiong Chong,Nurliyana Ahmad Zawawi,Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Kadir,Abdul Halim Mohd Yusof,SAIFUL IZWAN ABD RAZAK 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.10

This work reports the inclusion of crocin (an active agent of saffron) into bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) membranefor transdermal drug delivery. The BNC showed good uptake of the crocin based on the swelling studies and vibrationalpeaks of the FTIR spectra. Surface morphology of the crocin loaded BNC showed that the fibrous nano feature was still intactwith no fiber damages. The crocin release via direct dissolution showed typical burst release. Franz diffusion test revealedstable and prolong drug permeation. Partition coefficient of the BNC-crocin via mice epidermal skin diffusion was found tobe 2.44×10-4 cm-2 min-1 with the average mass flux of 0.53 cm-2 min-1. This facile method of utilizing BNC for the carrier ofcrocin can be useful for administrating other water soluble active compound. Thus BNC opens up choices for the delivery ofcrocin for medicinal purposes.

Expression of Root-Related Transcription Factors Associated with Flooding Tolerance of Soybean ( <i>Glycine max</i> )

Valliyodan, Babu,Van Toai, Tara T.,Alves, Jose Donizeti,de Fá,tima P. Goulart, Patricia,Lee, Jeong Dong,Fritschi, Felix B.,Rahman, Mohammed Atiqur,Islam, Rafiq,Shannon, J. Grover,Nguyen, Henry T MDPI 2014 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.15 No.10

<P>Much research has been conducted on the changes in gene expression of the model plant <I>Arabidopsis</I> to low-oxygen stress. Flooding results in a low oxygen environment in the root zone. However, there is ample evidence that tolerance to soil flooding is more than tolerance to low oxygen alone. In this study, we investigated the physiological response and differential expression of root-related transcription factors (TFs) associated with the tolerance of soybean plants to soil flooding. Differential responses of PI408105A and S99-2281 plants to ten days of soil flooding were evaluated at physiological, morphological and anatomical levels. Gene expression underlying the tolerance response was investigated using qRT-PCR of root-related TFs, known anaerobic genes, and housekeeping genes. Biomass of flood-sensitive S99-2281 roots remained unchanged during the entire 10 days of flooding. Flood-tolerant PI408105A plants exhibited recovery of root growth after 3 days of flooding. Flooding induced the development of aerenchyma and adventitious roots more rapidly in the flood-tolerant than the flood-sensitive genotype. Roots of tolerant plants also contained more ATP than roots of sensitive plants at the 7th and 10th days of flooding. Quantitative transcript analysis identified 132 genes differentially expressed between the two genotypes at one or more time points of flooding. Expression of genes related to the ethylene biosynthesis pathway and formation of adventitious roots was induced earlier and to higher levels in roots of the flood-tolerant genotype. Three potential flood-tolerance TFs which were differentially expressed between the two genotypes during the entire 10-day flooding duration were identified. This study confirmed the expression of anaerobic genes in response to soil flooding. Additionally, the differential expression of TFs associated with soil flooding tolerance was not qualitative but quantitative and temporal. Functional analyses of these genes will be necessary to reveal their potential to enhance flooding tolerance of soybean cultivars.</P>