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Richard W. Shannon 동북아시아문화학회 2012 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.31
세계 굴절과 일본 팔기: 근대일본의 서구문명 도입과 현대일본의 대외원조 리차드 섀넌 본 연구는 현대 일본의 대외원조프로그램의 기원이 일본의 근대문명(기술과 문화) 수용과정에 있다고 보고 1850년~1895년간 일본의 대외관계를 문명의 관점에서 검토한다. 기술, 개발, 대외관계 및 지도자 인식 등의 측면에서 근대화 경험이 현대 일본의 대외원조정책에 어떻게 기여했는가를 탐구한다. 이를 위해 먼저 일본 개국의 문명론적 맥락을 살피고 세 지도자―후쿠자와 유키치, 카토 히로유키, 모리 아리노리ㅡ의 세계관을 기술, 개발, 세계화의 개념을 통해 분석한다. 특히 대외원조가 가지는 일반적인 함의와 함께 종교와 정신성이 원조정책에 미친 영향에 주안점을 둔다. 서구문명의 도입에 있어 일본이 직면했던 난제는 물질 측면과 정신․윤리적 측면의 균형을 잡는 일이었다. 이 균형의 문제가 현대 일본의 원조정책에 갖는 함의를 일본의 문화적 대외관계의 주요 어젠다의 전개과정을 통해 고찰한다. Refracting the World, Exporting Japan: Early Modern Japan’s Importation of Western Technological Culture and the Export of Contemporary Japanese Aid Richard W. Shannon This study examines Japan’s external cultural relations (1850 to 1895) to explore possible antecedents of the nation’s contemporary foreign aid program. How have Japan’s experiences with technology, development, and foreign relations in that era, and important leaders’ views, contributed to the nation’s current aid policies? I look at key contexts of Japan’s external cultural relations and relevant worldviews of three leaders (Fukuzawa Yukichi, Kato Hiroyuki, and Mori Arinori) which I then analyze using selected concepts of technology, development, and globalization. In particular, the main question explored here is how spirituality and religion (from 1850 to 1895) may have influenced Japan’s aid policies. I conclude that it was hard for Japan’s governmenttobalance the material and ethical/spiritual aspects of Western knowledge importation. Why did this occur? What are the possible implications for later Japanese aid? In this paper, I explore how this issue and several others related to Japan’s external cultural relations unfolded.
Shannon Weaver,Zainub Hussaini,Virginia Lynn Valentin,Samin Panahi,Sarah Elizabeth Levitt,Jeanie Ashby,Akiko Kamimura 한국보건의료인국가시험원 2019 보건의료교육평가 Vol.16 No.-
Volunteering at a free clinic may influence career choice among health profession students. The purpose of this study was to explore knowledge, skills, attitudes, self-efficacy, interest in future work with the underserved, and interest in primary care among physician assistant (PA) students through an analysis of demographic characteristics of PA students at a student-run free clinic in the United States. Data were collected from 56 PA students through a quantitative survey in October 2018 after their participation at a student-run free clinic in Salt Lake City, Utah, in the intermountain west region of the USA. Out of the 3 sub-scales (attitudes, effect, and readiness), students responded most positively to items exploring the effect of their experiences of volunteering at the free clinic. Students who spoke Spanish showed higher levels of self-efficacy and readiness for a future career than non-Spanish speakers.
The Use of Chatterbots in the Language Classroom
Shannon Tanghe 영상영어교육학회 2009 영상영어교육 (STEM journal) Vol.10 No.2
This paper explores the use of chatterbots, a computerized form of artificial intelligence designed to simulate conversation, in the EFL classroom as an alternative method of promoting technological and communicative literacy. Traditional online chat, while providing a motivating way to develop real world communication skills, can potentially be dangerous, frustrating, and difficult to implement in the classroom. Recognizing the benefits, but striving for a safer replacement tool, this paper proposes the introduction of chatterbots into the EFL classroom, discussing both benefits and weaknesses. Krashen's language acquisition theories as they correlate to the use of chatterbots are defined and discussed. A classroom interview activity utilizing a chatterbot and its correlation to Krashen's hypotheses is also explored.
Shannon, A.,Sotirova, E.,Atanassov, K.,Krawczak, M.,Melo-Pinto, P.,Kim, T.,Jang, L.C.,Kang, Dong-Jin,Rim, S.H. Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems 2006 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.6 No.1
A generalized net is used to construct a model which describes the process of evaluation of the problems solved by students. The model utilizes the theory of intuitionistic fuzzy sets. The model can be used to simulate some processes, related to estimation of students' background.
Shannon HK Kim,David Habashy,Sana Pathan,Vincent Tse,Ruth Collins,Lewis Chan 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2016 International Neurourology Journal Vol.20 No.1
Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and safety of repeated botulinum toxin type-A (BTX-A) injections for patients with drugrefractory nonneurogenic overactive bladder (NNOAB) and explore factors predictive of outcome. Methods: Data were collected from all patients receiving repeated BTX-A injections for drug-refractory NNOAB between 2004 and 2012. Trigone-sparing injections were administered under sedation with antibiotic prophylaxis. Patient characteristics including age, sex, preoperative urodynamics, injection number, BTX-A dose, complications, and patient global impression of improvement (PGI-I) scores were collected. Correlations between patient factors and outcomes were assessed by using Pearson’s chi-square tests. Results: Fifty-two patients with a mean age of 67.4 years (range, 26–93 years) received 140 BTX-A injections in total; 33 (64%), 15 (29%), and 4 patients (7%) received 2, 3 to 4, and 5 to 8 injections, respectively. Mean follow-up time was 49 months (range, 9–101 months). Nine patients developed urinary tract infection; additionally, 3 patients experienced transient urinary retention. Median PGI-I score was 2 out of 7 (interquartile range [IQR], 2). For 46 patients, the PGI-I score remained stable with the administration of each injection. Pearson chi-square tests revealed that male patients or reduced bladder compliance was associated with a higher (worse) PGI-I score. Median PGI-I scores for men and women were 3 (IQR, 1) and 2 (IQR, 1), respectively; additionally, median PGI-I scores for those with normal bladder compliance and those with reduced bladder compliance were 2 (IQR, 2) and 4.5 (IQR, 1), respectively. Median PGI-I scores and complication rates were the same in the older patient (≥70 years) and younger (<70 years) patient cohorts. Conclusions: Efficacy is maintained with repeated BTX-A injections. Patients including the elderly show a good degree of tolerability with a low complication rate. Male patients or reduced bladder compliance is associated with poorer outcomes.