Traditional uses, phytochemistry, and ethnopharmacology of Colebrookea oppositifolia Smith: a mini-review

Viswanatha Gollapalle L.,Shylaja H.,Kumar H. Yogish,Venkataranganna M. V.,Prasad N. B. L. 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2021 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.21 No.2

This review was focused to collect and exemplify the data on traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological outline of C. oppositifolia, and thereby recognize the current obscurities and highlight the scope and opportunities for future research on the plant. A thorough literature search was performed on C. oppositifolia in the online databases such as Scopus, Pub- Med/Medline, Science direct, Scifinder, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google scholar, and Elsevier. C. oppositifolia belongs to family Lamiaceae, was widely used in the traditional system of medicine for treating various human ailments. Further, phytochemicals such as acteoside, chrysin, negletein, ladanein, betulonic acid, apigenin, caffeic acid, quercetin, anisofolin A, apigetrin, forsythoside A, β-sitosterol, ferulic acid, and its derivatives were isolated from various parts of C. oppositifolia. Additionally, the plant has been scientifically validated to possess antifertility, anti-ulcer, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, anti-convulsant, and antihypertensive activities in various experimental models. With the available literature we can conclude that despite of enormous traditional uses, the C. oppositifolia has not been explored for its beneficial effects on cataract, rheumatism, joint pain, bleeding disorders, and dysentery. Also, there is a need for clinical studies to explore the efficacy, safety, and toxicity in humans.

Morphological and Physiological Responses of Seven Different Soybean (Glycine Max L. Merr.) Cultivars to Drought Stress

Duvvarapu Easwar Rao,Kolluru Viswanatha Chaitanya 한국작물학회 2019 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.22 No.4

Soybean is an economically important crop used as a vital source of oil, vegetable protein, and other commercial products. Cultivation of soybean fetches reasonable income for the marginal farmer. Lack of rainfall and other improper monsoon conditions have generated a deep impact on the cultivation of the soybean crop making it highly essential to select drought resistant varieties that can have a higher outcome even under low water regimes. In our study, we compared the morphological and physiological responses of seven soybean cultivars: PUSA 9712, LSB 1, DSB 20, ADB 22, JS 335, NRC 37, and MAUS 61 which are popularly grown in India. These cultivars were subjected to drought stress by withholding water until the leaf water potentials reached 0, -1, -1.5, and -2 MPa, respectively. Morphological studies were performed by measuring root length, shoot length, plant height, and total biomass whereas physiological studies were performed by measuring relative water content, water uptake capacity, water retention capacity, membrane stability index, water saturation deficiency, and electrolytic leakage. All varieties used for this study showed a positive response during drought stress conditions by making certain morphological adjustments and physiological transformations. However, cultivars PUSA 9712 and LSB 1 showed better performance than, DSB 20, ADB 22, JS 335, NRC 37, and MAUS 61 under drought stress conditions. Such studies are useful in breeding programs and agronomic practices for the selection of superior soybean varieties with the capability of withstanding drought.

Analysis of regeneration protocols for micropropagation of Pterocarpus santalinus

Chakraborty Tanushree,Chaitanya K. Viswanatha,Akhtar Nasim 한국식물생명공학회 2022 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.16 No.1

A micropropagation is a powerful tool in the era of the biotechnology revolution. It has a broad range of potentiality as compared to conventional vegetative propagation attracting researchers, industrialists, governmental and nongovernmental organizations at the national and international level. The potential methods of organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis, primarily through callogenesis, allow the production of genotypically identical and pharmacologically conserved disease- free healthy stocks in shorter times. Pterocarpus santalinus, the pride of Andhra Pradesh, has become endangered due to medicinal and commercial overexploitation. The micropropagation of P. santalinus poses many cultural challenges due to limited regeneration potential through callogenesis, organogenesis, and somatic embryogenesis. The lack of proper explant treatment and the effect of plant growth regulators limit the application of published protocols to reproduce the results. The challenge, such as heavy contamination of mature explants with endophytic fungi, forced us to explore the potential of immature tissues for regeneration through induction of somatic embryogenesis. We observed that immature tissues (zygotic embryo, petal, ovary, and anther) are better responsive than mature tissues with the scantiest contamination and phenolic release. The present study analyzed, evaluated, and interpreted the different parameters applied in the micropropagation of P. santalinus. The aim is to solve the discrepancies of existing protocols to present complete insight for future needs in the successful regeneration of the species. The review also compared various treatments to overcome dormancy and promote germination. It also discussed the possibilities of induction of somatic embryogenesis for future research.

IM-133N - A Useful Herbal Combination for Eradicating Disease-triggering Pathogens in Mice via Immunotherapeutic Mechanisms

Firashathulla, Syed,Inamdar, Mohammed Naseeruddin,Rafiq, Mohamed,Viswanatha, Gollapalle Lakshminarayanashastry,Kumar, Lakkavalli Mohan Sharath,Babu, Uddagiri Venkanna,Ramakrishnan, Shyam,Paramesh, Ran KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2016 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.19 No.1

Objectives: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the immunomodulatory (IM) activity of IM-133N, a herbal combination in various immunotherapeutic experimental models. Methods: The IM activity of IM-133N was evaluated against three experimental models namely, effect of IM-133N against Escherichia coli (E. coli)-induced abdominal sepsis in mice, and carbon clearance test was performed in Wistar albino rats to evaluated the phagocytic potential of IM-133N, in addition IM-133N was evaluated for its immunoglobulin enhancing potential in rats, where the immunoglobulin levels were measured by zinc sulphate turbity (ZST) test. Further, IM-133N was subjected for detailed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS analysis to identify the probable active constituents present in it. Results: The findings of the present study has demonstrated very promising IM property of IM-133N in all the experimental models. Briefly, pretreatment with IM-133N at 125, 250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg, p.o. doses had protected the mice against E. coli-induced abdominal sepsis and mortality, further the effect of IM-133N was found to be significant and dose-dependent. In support of this, in another study administration of IM-133N showed a significant and dose-dependent increase in serum immunoglobulin levels, estimated by ZST test. In line with the above findings, in the carbon clearance test the low doses (125 and 250 mg/kg, p.o.) of IM-133N increased the rate of carbon clearance, whereas the higher doses (500 and 1,000 mg/kg, p.o.) did not sustain the response, and saturation effect was considered as one of the possible reason for futility of higher doses for IM-133N. In addition, A detailed LC-MS/MS analysis of IM-133N showed 17 bioactive phytochemical constituents: namely, apigenin, chaulmoogric acid, mesquitol, quercetin, symphoxanthone, salireposide, ${\beta}$-sitosterol, nonaeicosanol, ${\beta}$-amyrin, betulic acid, oleanolic acid, symplososide, symponoside, symploveroside, symplocomoside, symconoside A and locoracemoside B. Conclusion: These findings suggest that IM-133N possesses significant IM activity and, hence, could be useful for eradicating opportunistic disease-triggering pathogens via immunotherapeutic mechanisms. The findings also suggest IM-133N may also useful in other immunity disorders.

IM-133N - A Useful Herbal Combination for Eradicating Disease-triggering Pathogens in Mice via Immunotherapeutic Mechanisms

Syed Firashathulla,Mohammed Naseeruddin Inamdar,Mohamed Rafiq,Gollapalle Lakshminarayanashastry Viswanatha,Lakkavalli Mohan Sharath Kumar,Uddagiri Venkanna Babu,Shyam Ramakrishnan,Rangesh Paramesh 대한약침학회 2016 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.19 No.1

Objectives: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the immunomodulatory (IM) activity of IM-133N, a herbal combination in various immunotherapeutic experimental models. Methods: The IM activity of IM-133N was evaluated against three experimental models namely, effect of IM- 133N against Escherichia coli (E. coli)-induced abdominal sepsis in mice, and carbon clearance test was performed in Wistar albino rats to evaluated the phagocytic potential of IM-133N, in addition IM-133N was evaluated for its immunoglobulin enhancing potential in rats, where the immunoglobulin levels were measured by zinc sulphate turbity (ZST) test. Further, IM-133N was subjected for detailed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS analysis to identify the probable active constituents present in it. Results: The findings of the present study has demonstrated very promising IM property of IM-133N in all the experimental models. Briefly, pretreatment with IM-133N at 125, 250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg, p.o. doses had protected the mice against E. coli-induced abdominal sepsis and mortality, further the effect of IM- 133N was found to be significant and dose-dependent. In support of this, in another study administration of IM-133N showed a significant and dose-dependent increase in serum immunoglobulin levels, estimated by ZST test. In line with the above findings, in the carbon clearance test the low doses (125 and 250 mg/ kg, p.o.) of IM-133N increased the rate of carbon clearance, whereas the higher doses (500 and 1,000 mg/kg, p.o.) did not sustain the response, and saturation effect was considered as one of the possible reason for futility of higher doses for IM-133N. In addition, A detailed LC-MS/MS analysis of IM-133N showed 17 bioactive phytochemical constituents: namely, apigenin, chaulmoogric acid, mesquitol, quercetin, symphoxanthone, salireposide, β-sitosterol, nonaeicosanol, β-amyrin, betulic acid, oleanolic acid, symplososide, symponoside, symploveroside, symplocomoside, symconoside A and locoracemoside B. Conclusion: These findings suggest that IM-133N possesses significant IM activity and, hence, could be useful for eradicating opportunistic disease-triggering pathogens via immunotherapeutic mechanisms. The findings also suggest IM-133N may also useful in other immunity disorders.