Optimization of Water Pipe Network and Formulation of Pumping Rate

Medhat M. H. El-Zahar,Mohamed M. M. Amin 대한토목학회 2023 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.27 No.7

Minimizing water delivery costs and increasing water supply dependability are the two keyobjectives in designing and operating of water distribution systems. An analytical solution forthe best pipe diameters of a water distribution pipe network was created in this study. The rawwater was collected from a water canal and transported to a treatment plant (WTP). Thecleansed water was pushed into the water distribution network via the pumping station. Thederivative approach was used in the optimization process, and the cost functions incorporating thevarious capital and operating expenses were used. The initial diameters were adjusted toreach the least-cost diameters. The study shows that the optimum design of a pipe network(PNW) achieves saving a total cost of about 12.3% after utilizing our unique method. Theoptimal pumping rate in the PNW can also be determined using an analytical approach thatconsiders the optimum value that occurs when the minor and friction losses in the entirenetwork are at their lowest. The analytical solution for the optimum pumping rate shows arigid value of optimum pumping rate (Qopt) which is 5296.32 m3/day. On comparativeestimates, this figure is very close to that of 5,300 m3/day interpreted from the graphicalsolution, with negligible deviation. The total cost and optimum pumping rate results for theanalyzed PNW example demonstrate the correctness of the analytical solutions, reliability, anddependability of the assumptions.

Terahertz emission in quantum dots by sum frequency generation

M. Abdullah,Farah T. Mohammed Noori,Amin H. Al-Khursan 한국물리학회 2016 Current Applied Physics Vol.16 No.7

The second-order nonlinear susceptibility (SONS) in self-assembled InAs quantum dots (QDs), in the form of quantum disks, under applied electric field was studied. Using Feynman diagram, the relation of SONS for sum frequency generation was stated. Two cases were studied, which are the interband (IB) and intersubband (ISB) transitions with the consideration of the QD inhomogeneity, which is shown to be important in SONS calculations. For the ISB case, a resonance near 92 mm was predicted, which is important for infrared applications. Energy subbands and momentum matrix elements are shown as the main factors controlling SONS. It was found that adding some detuning to the pump will extend the wavelength by 45 mm which might applicable for Terahertz (THz) applications. Double resonance was shown to blue shifts the wavelength.

Effect of high temperatures on mechanical, radiation attenuation and microstructure properties of heavyweight geopolymer concrete

Mohamed Amin,Abdullah M. Zeyad,Bassam A. Tayeh,Ibrahim Saad Agwa 국제구조공학회 2021 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.80 No.2

Heavyweight geopolymer concrete (HWGC) is a new concrete type that combines the benefits of geopolymer concrete (GC) and heavyweight concrete. HWGC can be used to produce particular properties such as high radiation shielding, and mass concrete elements. HWGC based on fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag, using electric arc furnace steel slag (EAFSS), barite and ilmenite coarse aggregates can substantially have higher specific gravities than concrete made with crushed dolomite. In the experimental work carried out on four main groups, 13 GC mixes are prepared by using heavyweight coarse aggregates (HWCAs) at volume ratios of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Fresh and mechanical properties, compressive and tensile strengths, and influence of high temperature on radiation are investigated for specimens subjected to high temperatures of up to 900°C for 1, 2 and 3 hours. Moreover, the internal structure of geopolymer is analyzed using scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray. Results show a good effect of HWCAs on the properties, radiation shielding and unit weight. The density of heavyweight geopolymer mixes ranges between 2,415 and 3,480 kg/m3, and HWCA ratios contribute to an increase in all properties of GC mixtures using up to 75% of NWCAs. Heavier coarse aggregate of ilmenite dampens the effect of higher temperatures on GC strength compared with lighter aggregates. In addition, replacing crushed dolomite with heavyweight aggregates of EAFSS, barite and ilmenite increases the attenuation rate to 27%, 21% and 13%, respectively. This finding confirms that the type of aggregate used in the production of GC is important for reducing the permeability of X-ray.

A Three-Phase High Frequency Semi-Controlled Battery Charging Power Converter for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Amin, Mahmoud M.,Mohammed, Osama A. The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2011 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.11 No.4

This paper presents a novel analysis, design, and implementation of a battery charging three-phase high frequency semi-controlled power converter feasible for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The main advantages of the proposed topology include high efficiency; due to lower power losses and reduced number of switching elements, high output power density realization, and reduced passive component ratings proportionally to the frequency. Additional advantages also include grid economic utilization by insuring unity power factor operation under different possible conditions and robustness since short-circuit through a leg is not possible. A high but acceptable total harmonic distortion of the generator currents is introduced in the proposed topology which can be viewed as a minor disadvantage when compared to traditional boost rectifiers. A hysteresis control algorithm is proposed to achieve lower current harmonic distortion for the rectifier operation. The rectifier topology concept, the principle of operation, and control scheme are presented. Additionally, a dc-dc converter is also employed in the rectifier-battery connection. Test results on 50-kHz power converter system are presented and discussed to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed topology for PHEV applications.

Improving the brittle behavior of high-strength shielding concrete blended with lead oxide, bismuth oxide, and tungsten oxide nanoparticles against gamma ray

Mohamed Amin,Ahmad A. Hakamy,Abdullah M. Zeyad,Bassam A. Tayeh,Ibrahim Saad Agwa 국제구조공학회 2023 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.85 No.1

High-strength shielding concrete against gamma radiation is a priority for many medical and industrial facilities. This paper aimed to investigate the gamma-ray shielding properties of high-strength hematite concrete mixed with silica fume (SF) with nanoparticles of lead dioxide (PbO2), tungsten oxide (WO3), and bismuth oxide (Bi2O3). The effect of mixing steel fibres with the aforementioned binders was also investigated. The reference mixture was prepared for high-strength concrete (HSCC) containing 100% hematite coarse and fine aggregate. Thirteen mixtures containing 5% SF and nanoparticles of PbO2, WO3, and Bi2O3 (2%, 5%, and 7% of the cement mass, respectively) were prepared. Steel fibres were added at a volume ratio of 0.28% of the volume of concrete with 5% of nanoparticles. The slump test was conducted to workability of fresh concrete Unit weight water permeability, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity tests were conducted to assess concrete’s engineering properties at 28 days. Gamma-ray radiation of 137Cs emits photons with an energy of 662 keV, and that of 60Co emits two photons with energies of 1173 and 1332 keV were applied on concrete specimens to assess radiation shielding properties. Nanoparticles partially replacing cement reduced slump in workability of fresh concrete. The compressive strength of mixtures, including nanoparticles was shown to be greater, achieving 94.5 MPa for the mixture consisting of 7.5 PbO2. In contrast, the mixture (5PbO2-F) containing steel fibres achieved the highest values for splitting tensile, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity (11.71, 15.97, and 42,840 MPa, respectively). High-strength shielded concrete (7.5PbO2) showed the best radiation protection. It also showed the minimum concrete thickness required to prevent the transmission of radiation.

Comparison of Face Recognition Algorithms for Human-Robot Interactions

Ahmed, Mohamed Tahir,H. M. Amin, Shamsudin Penerbit UTM Press 2015 Teknologi Vol.72 No.2

A Three-Phase High Frequency Semi-Controlled Battery Charging Power Converter for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Mahmoud M. Amin,Osama A. Mohammed 전력전자학회 2011 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.11 No.4

This paper presents a novel analysis, design, and implementation of a battery charging three-phase high frequency semicontrolled power converter feasible for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The main advantages of the proposed topology include high efficiency; due to lower power losses and reduced number of switching elements, high output power density realization, and reduced passive component ratings proportionally to the frequency. Additional advantages also include grid economic utilization by insuring unity power factor operation under different possible conditions and robustness since short-circuit through a leg is not possible. A high but acceptable total harmonic distortion of the generator currents is introduced in the proposed topology which can be viewed as a minor disadvantage when compared to traditional boost rectifiers. A hysteresis control algorithm is proposed to achieve lower current harmonic distortion for the rectifier operation. The rectifier topology concept, the principle of operation, and control scheme are presented. Additionally, a dc-dc converter is also employed in the rectifier-battery connection. Test results on 50-㎑ power converter system are presented and discussed to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed topology for PHEV applications.

Buckling and bending of coated FG graphene-reinforced composite plates and shells

Ahmed Amine Daikh,Amin Hamdi,Hani M. Ahmed,Mohamed S. Abdelwahed,Alaa A. Abdelrahman,Mohamed A. Eltaher Techno-Press 2023 Advances in nano research Vol.15 No.2

The advancement of theoretical research has numerous challenges, particularly with regard to the modeling of structures, in contrast to experimental investigation of the mechanical behavior of complex systems. The main objective of this investigation is to provide an analytical analysis of the static problem of a new generation of composite structure, namely, functionally graded FG graphene reinforced composite GRC coated plates/shells. A complex power law function is used to define the material's graduation. Investigations are conducted on Hardcore and Softcore coated FG plates/shells. The virtual work approach is used to perform the equilibrium equations, which are then solved using the Galerkin technique to account for various boundary conditions. With reliable published articles, the presented solution is validated. The effects of hardcore and softcore distributions, gradation indexes, and boundary conditions on the buckling, bending deflection and stresses of FG GRC-coated shells are presented in detail. Obtained results and the developed procedure are supportive for design and manufacturing of FG-GRC coated plates/shells in several fields and industries e.g., aerospace, automotive, marine, and biomedical implants.

Proapoptotic and Antimetastatic Properties of Supercritical CO2 Extract of Nigella sativa Linn. Against Breast Cancer Cells

Hussein M. Baharetha,Zeyad D. Nassar,Abdalrahim F. Aisha,Mohamed B. Khadeer Ahamed,Foaud Saleih R. Al-Suede,Mohd Omar Abd Kadir,Zhari Ismail,Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.12

Nigella sativa, commonly referred as black cumin, is a popular spice that has been used since the ancient Egyptians. It has traditionally been used for treatment of various human ailments ranging from fever to intestinal disturbances to cancer. This study investigated the apoptotic, antimetastatic, and anticancer activities of supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) extracts of the seeds of N. sativa Linn. against estrogen-dependent human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Twelve extracts were prepared from N. sativa seeds using the SC-CO2 extraction method by varying pressure and temperature. Extracts were analyzed using FTIR and UV-Vis spectrometry. Cytotoxicity of the extracts was evaluated on various human cancer and normal cell lines. Of the 12 extracts, 1 extract (A3) that was prepared at 60C and 2500 psi (*17.24 MPa) showed selective antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 cells with an IC50 of 53.34 – 2.15 lg/mL. Induction of apoptosis was confirmed by evaluating caspases activities and observing the cells under a scanning electron microscope. In vitro antimetastatic properties of A3 were investigated by colony formation, cell migration, and cell invasion assays. The elevated levels of caspases in A3 treated MCF-7 cells suggest that A3 is proapoptotic. Further nuclear condensation and fragmentation studies confirmed that A3 induces cytotoxicity through the apoptosis pathway. A3 also demonstrated remarkable inhibition in migration and invasion assays of MCF-7 cells at subcytotoxic concentrations. Thus, this study highlights the therapeutic potentials of SC-CO2 extract of N. sativa in targeting breast cancer.

Effect of environmentally friendly materials on steel corrosion resistance of sustainable UHPC in marine environment

Ahmed M. Tahwia,Gamal M. Elgendy,Mohamed Amin 국제구조공학회 2022 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.82 No.2

This study investigates the resistance of sustainable ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) on steel reinforcement corrosion. For enhancing the sustainability of UHPC, concrete mixes were prepared with ordinary Portland cement main binder, and mixes with moderate to high percentages of blast furnace cement (CEM III), fly ash (FA), and slag cement as partial replacements of the full quantity of the used cement. Linear polarization resistance technique was employed to estimate the electrochemical behavior of the concrete specimens. Results showed that the compressive strength and the resistance of steel to corrosion in marine environments can be enhanced by improving the sustainability of UHPC through incorporation of CEM III, FA, and slag cement. FA replacement of up to 50% with the addition of 15% SF content produced better compressive strength and steel corrosion resistance than slag cement whether with the use of ordinary Portland cement or blast furnace cement as the main binder.