Surface Modification of Block Copolymer Through Sulfur Containing Plasma Treatment

Choi, Sang Wook,Shin, Jae Hee,Jeon, Min Hwan,Mun, Jeong Ho,Kim, Sang Ouk,Yeom, Geun Young,Kim, Kyong Nam American Scientific Publishers 2015 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.15 No.10

<P>Some of the important issues of block copolymer (BCP) as an application to the potential low cost next generation lithography are thermal stability and deformation during pattern transfer process in addition to defect density, line edge/width roughness, etc. In this study, sulfur containing plasma treatment was used to modify the BCP and the effects of the plasma on the properties of plasma treated BCP were investigated. The polystyrene hole pattern obtained from polystyrene polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) was initially degraded when the polystyrene hole was annealed at 190 degrees C for 15 min. However, when the hole pattern was treated using sulfur containing plasmas using H2S or SF6 up to 2 min, possibly due to the sulfurization of the polystyrene hole surface, no change in the hole pattern was observed after the annealing even though there is a slight change in hole shapes during the plasma treatment. The optimized plasma treated polystyrene pattern showed the superior characteristics as the mask layer by showing better thermal stability, higher chemical inertness, and higher etch selectivity during plasma etching.</P>

전신성 홍반성 낭창의 임상적 고찰

신영태,김종학,장윤경,양종오,구영선,강민규,황평주,나기량,이강욱,서광선 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

The epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, clinical features, symptoms and signs laboratory findings, kidney pathology, and clinicopathologic correlation of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) were analyzed. The 63 patients studied were managed at the Department of Internal medicine, CNUH, from January 1983 to December 1997. Kidney biopsy was performed in 53 patients out of 63 patients with SLE. The results were as follows: 1. The ratio of male to female was 1:26. They were 12 to 71 years old and mean age was 32.1 years old. The peak age incidence was 4th decades(30%). 2. The most frequent chief complaint on admission was generalized edema. Most patients complain two or more symptoms. 3. Immunologic and renal disorders were the most frequently observed in the ARA criteria of SLE. And the positive ANA, hematologic disorder, malar rash, and arthritis, were observed in order of frequency. 4. Among the 53 patients with renal biopsy, 30 patients revealed class Ⅳ lupus nephritis(56%), class II in 12 patients(23%), class V in 8 patients(15%) and class III in 2 patients(6%). 5. The cases of lupus nephritis represented as nephrotic syndrome were high in the class IV with 68% and class V with 86%. 6. Of 30 patients who can be followed up, 5 patients resulted in death(17 % of mortality). They "were 14 to 57 years old and mean age was 28 years old. Follow up duration were from 1 month to 6 years and 3 months, and mean duration was 1 year and 1 month, but 3 cases 7. The causes of death were as follows: Two cases were due to seizure and coma resulted from CNS involvement. One was sepsis due to miliary the & pneumonia. One was dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure due to cardiac ac involvement. And the other one was sepsis and acute renal failure resulted from cellulitis. 8. Prednisolone was used in all patients basically, and methyl-prednisolone pulse therapy, antimalarials and alkylating agents were used in some cases. In the cases of combined therapy, the activity of SLE was well controlled.

혈청 HBsAg 양성인 사구체신염의 임상상 및 신조직 소견

신영태,구영선,강민규,황평주,김종학,이강욱,서광선 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1999 충남의대잡지 Vol.26 No.1

Hepatitis-B-associated glomerulonephritis is one of the immunologically mediated disorders associated with chronic Hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection. The frequency of HBsAg infection has been high in East Asia and it is one of the most important etiologic factors of the secondary glomerulonephritis. We reviewed the clinical and pathologic features of 29 patients with glomerulonephritis and HBs antigenemia, who were admitted to Chungnam National University Hospital from January 1988 to Febuary 1999. The results were as follows : 1) The average age of the patients was 33.8±10.4(mean±SD) and male to female ratio was 3.8. Proteinuria was present in 27 patients(93%), hematuria in 20 patients(69%) and hypertension in 17 patients(59%). Two patients(7%) manifested with renal insufficiency and 8 patients(28%) with nephrotic syndrome. 2) Renal pathology revealed membranous nephropathy(41%), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis(21%), mesangial proliferative glomeulonephritis(21%), minimal change nephritis (14%) and focal segmental glomerulonephritis(3%). 3) The pathologic findings of liver were chronic active hepatitis(68%), chronic persistent hepatitis(38%) and liver cirrhosis(8%). 4) During the follow-up period(average:49.4 months), 7 patients(68%) presented persistent proteinuria, 5 patients(21%) progressed to renal failure and 2 patients(8%) resolved clinically. 5) The treatment was done with prednisolone to 3 patients, and with alpha-interferon to 3 patients. One patient treated with prednisolone resolved clinically, but this resolution did not coincide with disappearance of the hepatitis B antigens.

지속성 외래 복막투석 환자의 복막염

신영태,황평주,김종학,강민규,구영선,양종오,장윤경,이강욱 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1999 충남의대잡지 Vol.26 No.1

CAPD has established itself as an effective method maintaining the patients with end stage renal disease. CAPD peritonitis is one of the most important complication of peritoneal dialysis. We analyzed the incidence, pathogens, and outcome of the peritonitis, of the 95 patients who underwent CAPD at CNUH from January 1993 to July 1998. The result were as follows : 1) A total of 72 episodes of peritonitis occurred during this periods. The incidence of peritonitis were 0.64/patient/year. 2) The first episode of peritonitis was occurred within a year in 75%, within two year in 95.8%. 3) The rate of positive and negative culture were 27.8% and 72.2% respectively. Gram positive organisms were cultured in 60%, Gram negative organisms in 40%. S. aureus were most prevalent organisms(30%). 4) The cure rate were 83.3% in Gram positive organisms and 62.5% in negative organisms. 5) Peritoneal catheter were removed in 18 cases. Among them, 7 cases are due to peritonitis. In conclusion, improved technology and increasing patients' effort to careful management of catheter will reduce the incidence of peritonitis.

腎皮質 電氣 燒灼法에 의한 白鼠 慢性 腎不全症 모델 誘導에 관한 硏究

정민수,김성숙,이강욱,신영태 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1993 충남의대잡지 Vol.20 No.2

An animal model with experimental uremia is an a important research tool for the study of sequence of pathological events taking place in uremic syndrome. A number of animal models and methods for the induction of chronic uremia have been published. The present study is designed to estabilish usefullness of a new method for the induction of chronic uremia in the rat. This method consist of unilateral destruction of most of the renal cortex by burns and contralateral nephrectomy. To investigate the results of massive renal ablation by this method, we measured serially blood pressure, body weight, BUN, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, rate and examined renal histology. The results were as follows : 1) Surgical mortality rate was 5% and postoperative mortality of experimental group was 30.8% during 15 weeks of postoperative period. 2) Blood pressure of experimental group was significantly higher than control group after renal ablation(p<0.01). 3) Experimental group showed lower body weight gain than control group(p<0.01). 4) BUN and serum creatinine values increased continuously after renal ablation. However, those of control group were not changed. 5) Creatinine clearence rate of experimental group decreased significantly after renal ablation(p<0.01). 6) Weight of remnant kidney in experimental group was significantly higher than left kidney of control group(p<0.01). 7) Histologically, focal and segmental glomerular sclerosis, mesangeal proliferation, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy appeared in the kidney of most experimental group 15 weeks after renal ablation. In conclusion, experimental rat group shows remarkable uremic appearance 7-11 weeks after renal ablation. This suggests that the unilateral renal cortical electrocoagulation and contralateral nephrectomy was a useful method for inducing experimental CRF rat model.

Oct4 단백질의 DNA - 결합 영역에 융합된 HIV - 1 integrase

이민전,서진욱,김미라,신차균 中央大學校 遺傳工學硏究所 2002 遺傳工學硏究論集 Vol.15 No.1

Human immunodeficience virus type-1 (HIV-1) integrase (IN) mediates integration of viral DNA into the host cell genome which is an essential step during the life cycle of retroviruses. HIV-1 IN shows four enzymatic activities in vitro: non-specific DNA- binding, endonucleolytic (3'-processing), integration (strand transfer), and disintegration activities. Oct4 as a transcription factor recognizes and binds the specific sequences containing 5' -ATGCAAAT-3'. In order to study the specific binding and enzymatic activities of the integrase protein, we constructed the four different fusion proteins (OctIN1, OctIN2, INKOct1, INKOct1) using different combination of HIV-1 IN and Oct4 protein. The fusion proteins were overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified by Ni-NTA and SP-sepharose columns. Analysis of the enzymatic activities showed that all the four fusion proteins has detectable endonucleolytic and integration activities, suggesting that the fusion proteins can be used to study derected integration and sequence specific DNA-binding of the integrase fusion protein.

신증후성 출혈열(HFRS)의 임상 양상에 관한 고찰

강민규,황평주,김종학,나기량,이강욱,신영태 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.2

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) is an acute viral disease characterized by fever, cardiovascular instabilities, hemorrhagic manifestation and renal failure. Eighty-eight cases of HERS who were admitted to Chung-Nam National University Hospital from July 1988 to December 1997 were analysed from the stand-point of clinical and laboratory findings. The results were as follows. 1. The months of peak incidence were November and December. 2. The most frequent chief complains on admission were fever and chill, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, myalgia and headache, respectively. 3. The clinical stage on admission were oligouric(42 cases), febrile(22 cases), hypotensive(5 cases) and diuretic(3 cases) phase, respectively. 4. In laboratory analysis, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia and proteinuria were observed in most of the case. 5. The infection rate of Leptospirosis and Scrub typhus in 72 HFRS patients was 13.9%(8 cases and 2 cases). 6. The mortality rate was 4.2% anti the cause of death were shock(2cases) and pulmonary hemorrhage(1 case)

韓國産 天南星科 植物에 關한 本草學的 硏究

황상욱,김태현,宋昊埈,辛民敎 한국전통의학연구소 1999 한국전통의학지 Vol.9 No.1

For the purpose of developing Korean Herbalogy with the plants of Araceae which grow wild and is planted in Korea, the these and writings on herbalogy, from literature of successive generations, have been thoroughly investigated and the results obtained were as follows: 1. There were totaled to 14 genera and 42 species in Korea and among them medicinal plants are 7 genera, 23 species, some 55% in total but, the number of species may be added because of the similiar plants. 2. According to the oriental names which can be used for medical purpose, the medicinal plants belonging to the Araceae family were classified as Rhizoma 20, Radix 10, Folium 4, Flos 3, Herba 1. Thus it was noticed that Rhizoma and Radix was the main kind. 3. According to sum of 42 species in Araceae family, they were classified into Arisaema genera 17, Acorus and Zantedeschia genera 4 each, Philodendron and Symplocarpus genera 3 each, Anthurium and Colocasia genera 2 each. Thus it was noticed that Arisaema genera was the main kind, some 40.5% in total. 4. According to nature and flavour of medicinal plants, they were classified into warmth and heat ; 25, cold and cool ; 3, balance 2 and unidentified 6. Thus it was noticed that warmth and heat is the main in nature and flavour of medicinal plants. 5. Comparing to whole medicinal plants 23 kinds, toxic drugs include minor toxin were 18 kinds, 78.3% of the whole. From this result, It was revealed that the plants for medical purpose in Araceae was 55% of the whole, in which RHIZOMA and RADIX was mostly abundunt. It is considered that many experiements and clinical approaches must be continued to use Araceae plants widely.

성인 지역사회 폐렴의 원인 미생물에 대한 전향적 다기관 연구 : Legionella, Leptospira, Hantaan virus and Orientia tsutsugamushi

김민자,정희진,손장욱,심희선,박대원,박승철,우준희,강재명,김유겸,신완식,김양리,이환종,김지희 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.1

Background : Despite rigorous investigations, the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia remains unknown in about 50% of hospitalized patients. The diagnosis of the etiological agent is becoming more challenging and more critical as number of newer pathogens have been recognized in recent years. In the 3-year period prospective study we investigated adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia for Legionella, Leptospira, Hantaan virus and Orientia tsutsugamushi as potential etiologic agents. Methods : A prospective multicenter study was performed from May 1997 to April 2000. A total of 431 patients with community-acquired pneumonia under the inclusion criteria were examined for specific microbial diagnosis; sputum culture and PCR, and serologic teats including indirect immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) test for Legionella, and hemagglutination tests for Leptosoira, Hantaan virus and O. tsutsugamushi. Etiologic diagnosis was determined on the basis of the review of case record forms and specific laboratory diagnostic criteria. Results : During the study period a total of 385 sputum and 283 serum samples were examined. Legionella pneumonia was diagnosed in 2.3% (10/431) of the cases examined : 1.4% cases with PCR-positive (5/367) and 2.1% with positive IFA test (6/283). Leptospirosis and scrub typhus were diagnosed in 0.4% (1/252) and 2.0% (5/252), respectively. All 5 cases with scrub typhus occurred in late fall, and rash or eschar was not found. None of cases was Hantaan virus infection. Conclusion : The results suggest that Legionella, Leptospira, and O. tsutsugamushi should be considered in the etiologic diagnosis and empirical antibiotic therapy of community-acquired pneumonia. (Korean J Infect Dis 32:24∼31, 2001)

신장질환이 동반된 고혈압 환자에서 칼승길항제 Felodipine의 효과

신영태,정민수,이순구,김성숙,이강욱 大韓臨床藥理學會 1993 臨床藥理學會誌 Vol.1 No.1