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Rheology and gel point of the enzymatic hydrolysis of urea in the presence of urease
R. Serrato-Millán,L. Medina-Torres,F. Calderas,B.L. España-Sánchez,M. Estevez,A.R. Hernandez-Martínez,M. Cruz-Soto,I.C. Sánchez,R. Gómez-García,I. Sánchez-Betancourt,M.C. Velasquillo-Martínez,G. Luna- 한국유변학회 2017 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.29 No.1
This study reports on the rheology of the gelation kinetics of raw chitosan (CTS) solutions (2% w/v) produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of urea at different urea concentrations (40, 50, 60, 80, and 100 mM) in the presence of urease at 1 U/mL. Viscoelastic parameters and pH values were evaluated during gelation process and the rheological properties of CTS hydrogels produced were monitored after 24 h at 37°C to simulate human body temperatures. pH measurements suggest that above some critical urea concentration (50 mM) the time required (tgel) to reach the critical pH gelation shows no dependence on urea concentration (tgel was ca. 70 minutes). Above 50 mM of urea concentration, CTS hydrogels exhibit an elastic modulus G' higher than the viscous modulus G'' with no frequency dependence characteristic of a gel behavior. Gelation kinetics analyzed by rheology suggest that the G' (i.e., structure) development depends on urea concentration during solution neutralization.
Gerardo Gómez Millán,Sanna Hellsten,Alistair W.T. King,Juha-Pekka Pokki,Jordi Llorca,Herbert Sixta 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.72 No.-
Furfural (FUR) was produced from xylose using a biphasic batch reaction system. Water-immiscibleorganic solvents such as isophorone, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF) and cyclopentyl methyl ether(CPME) were used to promptly extract FUR from the aqueous phase in order to avoid the degradation tohumins as largely as possible. The effect of time, temperature, organic solvent and organic-to-aqueousratio on xylose conversion and FUR yield were investigated in auto-catalyzed conditions. Experiments atthree temperatures (170, 190 and 210 C) were carried out in a stirred microwave-assisted batch reactor,which established the optimal conditions for achieving the highest FUR yield. The maximum FUR yieldsfrom xylose were 78 mol% when using CPME, 48 mol% using isophorone and 71 mol% in the case of 2-MTHF at an aqueous to organic phase ratio of 1:1 (v/v). Birch hydrolysate was also used to show the highfurfural yield that can be obtained in the biphasic system under optimized conditions. The present studysuggests that CPME can be used as a green and efficient extraction solvent for the conversion of xyloseinto furfural without salt addition.
Failure behavior of 2024-T3 aluminum under tension-torsion conditions
Marcos Rodríguez-Millán,Álvaro Vaz-Romero,Ángel Arias 대한기계학회 2015 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.29 No.11
Experimental and numerical investigations of the failure strain of aeronautical 2024-T3 aluminum were conducted. Experiments on theDouble notched tube (DNT) specimen loaded in combined tension and torsion were applied to an aluminum alloy for the first time. Numericalanalysis showed that the specimen exhibited uniformity in stress-strain as plastic strain developed. Low triaxiality values and awide range of Lode parameter values were obtained at failure conditions. The failure strain of 2024-T3 aluminum showed strong dependenceon the Lode parameter in agreement with the observations reported by other authors. The use of the DNT specimen was proven tobe efficient in calibrating the ductile failure model of aluminum alloys.
Co-Composting of Solid Waste Organic Urban with Sludge
Gloria Lucia Camargo Millán 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2017 국제지역연구 Vol.21 No.2
Sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in municipalities of Boyacá has low levels of heavy metals as required by Colombian regulations, which allows a great potential for use as soil improvers. These, when used in the production of ornamental crops or in the recovery of soils, give rise to a positive environmental impact. This project developed a field trial of co-composting municipal solid organic waste with WWTP sludge in a municipality of Boyacá, finding the optimum proportion of these materials, characterizing the two raw materials and the most suitable mixture. Currently, the requirements for registering the biofertilizer or soil improver are being reviewed before national entities (Super intendency of industry and trade, and Colombian Institute of Agriculture (ICA) with a view to its future commercialization.
Cristina Taboada,Rosendo Millán,Isabel Míguez 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.1
The use of seaweeds as a food is more widespread in Eastern than in Western countries, although demand for these plants has increased in the West because their possible usefulness as dietary supplements. However, very little is known about the effects of regular consumption of algae. The aim of the present study was to determine the composition of Ulva rigida and to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of the diet with 10% alga for 4 weeks on dietary intake, growth, protein efficiency ratio, diet conversion ratio, and some organ weights in growing male rats. We also studied the effect of inclusion of the alga in the diet on intestinal, hepatic, and renal enzymatic activities. U. rigida was found to be a good source of protein and carbohydrates. Food intake was higher in the U. rigida group than in the control group, but ingestion of alga did not have any effect on the other trophic parameters. The intestinal disaccharidase and leucine aminopeptidase activities were lower in rats fed with alga than in control rats, but γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity was higher in the kidneys of alga-fed rats than in control rats. U. rigida contains high amounts of protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals and low amounts of lipids. Analysis of the amino acid composition revealed good-quality protein. The addition of alga to the diet inhibited disaccharidase activities, which suggested that alga consumption could be useful in some chronic disorders associated with pertubations of glucose homeostasis caused by carbohydrate absorption.
Neuropsychological Outcome One Year after Carotid Revascularization: A before-and-after Study
Laura Casas-Hernanz,Maite Garolera,Dolors Badenes,Salvador Quintana,Susana Millán,Noemi Calzado,Jorge de Francisco,Josep Royo,Miquel Aguilar 대한혈관외과학회 2017 Vascular Specialist International Vol.33 No.4
Purpose: The aim of our study was to determine the clinical profile of patients considered cognitive ‘responders’ to surgery in order to establish clinical variables associated with a favorable cognitive performance. Materials and Methods: A total of 70 patients were included in the study. A wellvalidated, comprehensive standardized neurocognitive battery of tests of about 2 hours was administered. Patients were examined twice, 1-week before surgery and 1-year postoperatively. The criterion to be included in the ‘responder’ group was the following: to obtain a positive difference between post-revascularization and pre-revascularization neuropsychological assessment ≥1 standard deviation in ≥2 tests. Results: Twenty-seven patients (38.6%) were cognitive responders to treatment. In bivariate analysis between responders and non-responders, presence of atrophy (P=0.003), small vessels (P=0.577), symptoms (P=0.046), and age (P=0.030) were the factors statistically significant. When comparing cognitive performance before and after carotid revascularization, significant differences were observed in semantic fluency with a lower performance after 12 months (P=0.004, d=0.29), and in the Language index (Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status) (P=0.005, d=0.34). Conclusion: Patients without neurological symptoms, of a younger age and without atrophy and white matter small vessel lesions are better cognitive responders 1-year after carotid revascularization.
Ana Sanchis,María Adelaida García-Gimeno,Antonio José Cañada-Martínez,María Dolores Sequedo,José María Millán,Pascual Sanz,Rafael P. Vázquez-Manrique 생화학분자생물학회 2019 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.51 No.-
Huntington disease is a neurodegenerative condition for which there is no cure to date. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase has previously been shown to be beneficial in in vitro and in vivo models of Huntington’s disease. Moreover, a recent cross-sectional study demonstrated that treatment with metformin, a well-known activator of this enzyme, is associated with better cognitive scores in patients with this disease. We performed a preclinical study using metformin to treat phenotypes of the zQ175 mouse model of Huntington disease. We evaluated behavior (motor and neuropsychiatric function) and molecular phenotypes (aggregation of mutant huntingtin, levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neuronal inflammation, etc.). We also used two models of polyglutamine toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans to further explore potential mechanisms of metformin action. Our results provide strong evidence that metformin alleviates motor and neuropsychiatric phenotypes in zQ175 mice. Moreover, metformin intake reduces the number of nuclear aggregates of mutant huntingtin in the striatum. The expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which is reduced in mutant animals, is partially restored in metformin-treated mice, and glial activation in mutant mice is reduced in metformin-treated animals. In addition, using worm models of polyglutamine toxicity, we demonstrate that metformin reduces polyglutamine aggregates and restores neuronal function through mechanisms involving AMP-activated protein kinase and lysosomal function. Our data indicate that metformin alleviates the progression of the disease and further supports AMP-activated protein kinase as a druggable target against Huntington’s disease.
'Timber And Wood In A Nation' : Australian Forest History Historiography
Mills, Jenny Australian Studies Institute 1997 Journal of Australian studies Vol.4 No.1
This forest philosophy was preached often by Charles Edward Lane poole when he was head of the Australian Forestry School in Canberra in the 1930's. Lane Poole was trained as a scientific forester at the famous French forestry school at Nantes, L'Ecole Nationale des Eaux et Foets. To explain Australian forest history it is necessary to explain its derivations which are twofold.