Evaluation for Impacts of Nitrogen Source to Groundwater Quality in Livestock Farming Area

Gyeong-Mi Lee,Sunhwa Park,Ki-In Kim,Sang-Ho Jeon,Dahee Song,Deok-hyun Kim,Tae-Seung Kim,Seong-Taek Yun,Hyen Mi Chung,Hyun-Koo Kim 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.5

We investigated 52 livestock farming complexes in Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces based on low, medium, and high livestock density and groundwater quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate a relationship between nitrate N concentration in groundwater and animal factors, such as livestock density and animal species. 2,200 groundwater samples for 3 years from 2012 to 2014 at Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces were collected and analyzed for pH, EC, DO, ORP, temperature, major anions and cations, such as NO₃-N, HCO₃<SUP>-</SUP>, PO₄<SUP>-</SUP>, SO₄<SUP>2-</SUP>, Cl<SUP>-</SUP>, NH₄-N, K<SUP>+</SUP>, Na<SUP>+</SUP>, Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>, Mg<SUP>2+</SUP>, T-N, and TOC. Average concentration of total N for generated load density was 23,973 g day<SUP>-1</SUP> km<SUP>-2</SUP> for cattle, 51,551 g day<SUP>-1</SUP> km<SUP>-2</SUP> for pig, and 52,100 g day<SUP>-1</SUP> km<SUP>-2</SUP> for poultry. For animal feeding species, average ratio for generated load over discharge load was 16.1% for cattle, 7.8% for pig, and 7.1% for poultry. Therefore, cattle feeding region is highly vulnerable for water pollution compared to pig and poultry feeding areas. The concentrations of chloride, nitrate, and total N in the groundwater samples were higher at high animal farming regions than other regions. The average concentration of nitrate, and chloride in groundwater samples was 5.0 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 16.6 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for low livestock density, 6.9 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 17.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for medium livestock density and 7.6 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 22.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for high livestock density and total nitrogen (T-N) was 7.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for low livestock density, 9.4 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for medium livestock density, 10.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for high livestock density. In conclusion, based on this research, for managing groundwater quality near livestock farming regions, Ca-(Cl+NO₃) group from the Piper diagram is more efficient than using 19 factors for water quality standard.

Evaluation for Impacts of Nitrogen Source to Groundwater Quality in Livestock Farming Area

Lee, Gyeong-Mi,Park, Sunhwa,Kim, Ki-In,Jeon, Sang-Ho,Song, Dahee,Kim, Deok-hyun,Kim, Tae-Seung,Yun, Seong-Taek,Chung, Hyen Mi,Kim, Hyun-Koo 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.5

We investigated 52 livestock farming complexes in Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces based on low, medium, and high livestock density and groundwater quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate a relationship between nitrate N concentration in groundwater and animal factors, such as livestock density and animal species. 2,200 groundwater samples for 3 years from 2012 to 2014 at Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces were collected and analyzed for pH, EC, DO, ORP, temperature, major anions and cations, such as $NO_3-N$, ${HCO_3}^-$, ${PO_4}^-$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$, $Cl^-$, $NH_4-N$, $K^+$, $Na^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, T-N, and TOC. Average concentration of total N for generated load density was $23,973g\;day^{-1}\;km^{-2}$ for cattle, $51,551g\;day^{-1}\;km^{-2}$ for pig, and $52,100g\;day^{-1}\;km^{-2}$ for poultry. For animal feeding species, average ratio for generated load over discharge load was 16.1% for cattle, 7.8% for pig, and 7.1% for poultry. Therefore, cattle feeding region is highly vulnerable for water pollution compared to pig and poultry feeding areas. The concentrations of chloride, nitrate, and total N in the groundwater samples were higher at high animal farming regions than other regions. The average concentration of nitrate, and chloride in groundwater samples was $5.0mg\;L^{-1}$, $16.6mg\;L^{-1}$ for low livestock density, $6.9mg\;L^{-1}$, $17.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for medium livestock density and $7.6mg\;L^{-1}$, $22.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for high livestock density and total nitrogen (T-N) was $7.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for low livestock density, $9.4mg\;L^{-1}$ for medium livestock density, $10.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for high livestock density. In conclusion, based on this research, for managing groundwater quality near livestock farming regions, $Ca-(Cl+NO_3)$ group from the Piper diagram is more efficient than using 19 factors for water quality standard.

‘인식된 짐스러움’과 ‘좌절된 소속감’이 청소년 자살생각에 미치는 영향

하정미(Ha Jung-Mi),설연욱(Seol Yeon-Uk),좌문경(Jwa Mun-Gyeong) 경성대학교 사회과학연구소 2010 社會科學硏究 Vol.26 No.4

본 연구에서는 조이너의 대인관계 이론에서 설명하고 있는 ‘인식된 짐스러움’과 ‘좌절된 소속감’이라는 두 가지 변수가 청소년의 자살생각에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보고자 경상남도 지역의 중학교 3학년 그리고 고등학교 1, 2학년 990명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 연구결과, 조사대상자의 성별, 가정의 경제적 수준에 따라 자살생각에 유의미한 차이가 있었으며, 두 독립변수인 ‘인식된 짐스러움’과 ‘좌절된 소속감’은 자살생각에 대해 주효과와 상호작용효과 모두 가지는 것으로 파악되었다. 이상과 같은 결과를 바탕으로 청소년 대상의 자살예방교육 및 사회적 관계망과 지지체계의 구축, 소속감 증진활동의 활성화 필요성을 제언하였다. This study is to understand the effect of 'perceived burdensomeness' and 'failed belongingness', which Joiner explains on his Interpersonal Theory of Suicide, to youth's suicidal ideation. 990 students, who were attending at middle and high schools in Gyeong-Nam province, were surveyed. The result revealed that participants' gender and families' economic status affect significantly on their suicidal ideation and both perceived burdensomeness and failed belongingness have both statistically significant major effects and interaction effects on youth's suicidal ideation. On the base of the result of this study suicide prevention education, systematic approaches, and group activities for social networking, and social support building have been suggested.

읽기장애 아동의 음운처리 능력 특성 연구

김미경,서경희 한국특수교육문제연구소 2003 특수교육저널 : 이론과 실천 Vol.4 No.4

최근 읽기장애와 언어와의 관계의 중요성이 부각되면서 음운처리 결함이 읽기장애의 원인으로 널리 받아들여지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 2학년, 4학년 일반아동 29명과 읽기장애아동 23명을 대상으로 음운인식능력 검사와 단어회상하기 검사, 문장회상하기 검사, 글자, 숫자, 사물, 색깔명명하기 검사를 통한 읽기장애아동들의 음운처리능력 특성을 연구하였다. 연구 결과 읽기장애아동들은 일반아동들에 비해 음운인식, 작업기억, 명명속도에서 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 일반학급과 특수학급에서 읽기장애 아동들을 지도하는 프로그램개발에 기여할 것을 제안한다. The purpose of this study was to investigate difference between normal children and children with reading disabilities, ranged from grade 2 to grade 4 in phonological processing ability. The sample was classified into two groups: (1) a group of 23 children with reading disabilities; (2) a group of 29 normal children. Students in the sample of this study do not have severe emotional problems, uncorrected vision problems, hearing loss, acquired neurological disorders. The results of this study were as follows: 1.Children with reading disabilities performed significantly poorly on test of phonological awareness than children without reading disabilities. 2.Children with reading disabilities performed significantly poorly on test of working memory than children without reading disabilities. 3.Children with reading disabilities performed significantly poorly on test of naming speed than children without reading disabilities. There is also interaction effect between the presence or absence of reading disability and grade on naming speed.

집단유전 개념 학습에서 귀납적-연역적인 수업효과 비교

김위경,이미숙,이길재 한국과학교육학회 2003 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.23 No.2

본 연구는 집단 유전(하디-바인베르크 법칙)개념 학습에 있어서 귀납적 지도 방법과 연역적 지도방법에서 효과의 차이를 알아보고 학습자의 인지적 특성에 맞는 수업모형에 대한 시사점을 얻고자 하였다. 연구대상은 고등학교 남학생 180명이며 90명은 귀납식 수업모형, 90명은 연역식 수업모형으로 수업을 하였다. 인지적 특성을 파악하기 위해서 논리적 사고력 검사(GALT)와 인지양식 검사(GEFT)를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 귀납적인 지도 방법이 연역적인 지도방법에 비해서 유의도 수준 0.01에서 개념 검사 및 성취도 검사에서 유의미하게 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 귀납적 지도방법이 형식적 조작기의 학생과 장 독립적 학생에게 있어서 연역적 地도방법에 비해 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 인지수준이 과도기에 있는 학습자와 장의존적인 학습자에 있어서는 연역적 수업이 평균으로 볼 때는 효과적이었으나 통계적으로는 의미가 없었다. 이러한 결과는 교사들의 학습전략을 다양화 및 학습자의 인지수준과 인지양식에 대한 고려가 필요함을 시사해준다. The purposes of this study was to investigate the effect of inductive Instructional method and deductive one concerning the learners' population genetic concepts and achievement according to learners' cognitive characteristics. For the study, 180 students were sampled from a boys' high school: 90 students for inductive teaching method and 90 students for deductive teaching method. Group Assessment of Logical Thinking(GALT) and Group Embedded Figure Test(GEFT) were used as the measure of cognitive characteristics. The results of this study were as follows. 1) The inductive instructional method was more effective in the understanding of population genetic concepts and their achievement. 2)Inductive instructional method was more effective than deductive one for the learners in formal operational level and in field independent cognitive style. 3) For the learners in a transitional level and field dependent cognitive style, deductive instructional way was more effective than inductive way on the average, but it was not statistically significant. It was turned out that learners' cognitive level was one of important factors when teachers instruct the concept of population genetics.

감자를 첨가한 기능성 크림수프의 품질 특성

한경필,한재숙,소기신행,김동석,박미란,이갑랑 한국조리과학회 2005 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.21 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of potato added functional cream soup. The highest crude protein (p<.01) and crude lipid (p<.001) were for the potato soup with added potato peel (S₃). The highest pH of 5.95 was for the potato soup with added potato peel (S₄). The highest lightness of 69.46(1, value) was for the potato soup with added potato peel (S₃) (p<.01). The redneess(a value) and yellowness(b value) were increased by the adding of potato peel to the potato soup(p<.01). Viscosity was increased by potato content, and was the highest for the potato soup (S₂) (p<.001). The glycoalkaloid content of the potato soup with added potato peel was 175 mg and 2.20 mg, for Si and S4 respectively. In sensory evaluation. the highest sensory scores for flavor and taste (p<.05) of mean 3.55 and 3.45, respectively, were obtained from the potato soup with added potato peel (S₄). The highest overall acceptability of mean 3.00 was for the potato soup with added potato peel (S₃) (p<.01).

개조개, 백합, 피조개 및 꼬막 발의 조직학적 구조 및 점액질 성상에 관한 조직화학적 연구

강미경,정길남,조운복 釜山大學校 師範大學 科學敎育硏究所 2005 科學敎育硏究報 Vol.32 No.-

개조개, 백합, 피조개 및 꼬막 발의 점액질 성상을 PAS 반응, AB pH 2.5 및 AB pH 2.5-PAS, AB pH 1.0, AF pH 1.7-AB pH 2.5 염색 등의 prelectin법으로 관찰하였다. 개조개, 백합, 피조개 및 꼬막 발은 상피, 상피하결합조직 및 근층의 3층으로 구성되었으며 모든 종에서 발의 표면은 단층섬모원주상피로 덮여 있었다. 백합의 발샘의 점액샘꽈리는 작은 구형이고 소수이며 산재성이었으나 그외 종에서는 큰 구형이고 다수이며 밀집해서 나타났다. 발샘의 도관은 개조개와 피조개가 백합과 꼬막보다 더욱 발달되어 있었으며 피조개와 꼬막은 발의 선단부에 깊이 파인 홈이 나타났으며 흠에 접한 상피하결합조직에 작은 구형의 과립이 밀집해 있었다. 상피세포의 섬모에서 개조개와 백합은 강sulfomucin을, 각각 소량, 소량 내지 중등량 함유하고 있었으며 피조개와 꼬막은 sialomucin과 중성점액질을 중등량 내지 소량 함유하고 있었다. 상피 세포의 세포질은 백합에서만 강 sulfomucin을 미량 내지 소량 함유하고 있었다. 발샘의 도관은 개조개와 백합은 강sulfomucin만을 소량 내지 중등량, 피조개와 꼬막은 소량의 중성점액질과 강 sulfomucin을 중등량 또는 중등량 내지 상당량을 함유하고 있었다. 발샘의 점액샘꽈리에서 개조개 및 백합은 강sulfomucin과 약sulfomucin이 섞여 있었으며 개조개는 중등량 내지 상당량, 백합은 소량 내지 중등량 이었고 피조개와 꼬막은 강sulfomucin만을 함유하였는데 피조개는 중등량 내지 상당량을, 꼬막은 상당량 내지 다량이었다. 발의 결합조직 과립은 피조개에서 상당량 내지 다량의 강sulfomucin을, 꼬막에서 상당량 내지 다량의 중성점액질과 강sulfomucin을 함유하였다. The histochemical properties of mucins of the foot of Saxidomus purpuratus, Meretrix lusoria, Scapharca broughtonii and Tegilltarca granosa were studied prelectin methods, i.e., PAS, AB pH 2.5, Ab pH 2.5-PAS, AB pH 1.0 and AF pH l.7-ABe pH 2.5 stainings. The foots of Saxidomus purpuratus, Meretrix lusoria, Scapharca broughtonii and Tegillarca granosa were composed of three layers, i.e., epithelium, subepithelial connective tissue and muscular layers. The epithelia were lined by simple ciliated columnar cells. The foot gland of Meretrix lusoria consist of multicellular mucous acini were small spheroid in shape and a few in number and scattered, while these acini of other species were large spheroid in shape and were numerous and crowed within connective tissue. The ducts of foot glands were more developed in Saxidomus purpuratus and Scapharca broughtonii than in other species, Particularly, Scapharca broughtonii and Tegillarca granosa showed a deep groove in apical portion of the foot and small spherical granules were found in the subepithielial connective tissue in this portion. The cilia of epithelial cells of the foot gland in Saxidomus purpuratus and Meretrix lusoria were contained only small amounts or small to moderate amounts strong sulfomucins, respectively, while these alia in Scapharca broughtonii and Tegillarca granosa were contained moderate amounts or small to moderate amounts of sialomucins and neutral mucins, respectively. The epihtelial cytoplasm of Meretrix lusoria contained only minimal to small amounts of strong sulfomucins. The ducts of the foot glands in Saxidomus purpuratus and Meretrix lusoria were contained only small to moderate amounts of strong sulfomocins, while these ducts of other spicies were contained small amounts of neutral mucins and moderate or moderate to considerable amounts of strong sulfomucins. The mucous acini of these glands in Saxidomus purpuratus and Meretrix lusoria were contained moderate to considerable and small to moderate amounts of strong and weak sulfomucins, respectively. however, these acini were contained moderate to considerable amounts of strong sulfomucins in Scapharca broughtonii and considerable to large amounts of strong sulfomucins in Tegillarca granosa. The granules within connective tissue of the foot in Scapharca broughtonii were contained considerable to large amounts of strong sulfomucins, but these anules in Tegillarca ganosa were contained considerable to large amounts of neutral mucins and strong sulfomucins.

EXISTENCE AND UNIQUENESS OF VOLTERRA INTEGRAL EQUATIONS

엄미례,조경미 東西大學校 1996 동서논문집 Vol.2 No.1

노인복지정책의 문제점과 개선방안에 관한 연구

손경숙,정미녀 三陟大學校 2004 論文集 Vol.37 No.-

In the population structure of our society due to the development of medical technology: which liberated many from various diseases, and diversified modem society, the average life span has extended greatly. and this has drawn much attention to social welfare for the elders which became an important matter. Many geriatric problems have floated due to change of family structures and values and changes of life style which is resulted from industrialization and urbanization in the modem days. This has created the lowering of social status for older generation which has resulted as a serious social problem. However: countermeasures taken from the government is very mere and still in the beginning level. In this sort of situation, taking a good look at all sorts of older generation isn\'t a somebody else\ story. This would have a direct effect on you, and would like to present an alternative plan for this problem. The effort of trying to make a better solution to this problem! would result in much more effective and prosperous perspective on the area of geriatric social welfare policies.

정신적精神的 안식安息을 향한 푸른 물의 표현表現 : 본인의 작품을 중심으로 연구함

이미경 덕성여자대학교 대학원 2004 덕성여자대학교 대학원 논문집 Vol.6 No.-

본인은 '푸른 물'을 주제로 작품을 제작하고 있다. '고여 있는 물'에서 출발한 '푸른 물'작업은, 다양하게 나타나는 물의 표현을 통해 인간의 삶을 반추시키고 관조적인 입장에 머무르게 한다. 그리고 물이 갖는 정화의 힘과 비물질적, 초월적인 푸른색을 통하여 '무無'를 경험하게 하면서 명상적 과정에 이르게 한다. 본인의 작업에 등장하는 푸른색은 노발리스Novalis가 쓴 『푸른꽃, 1800』의 주인공 하인리히, 뤽 베송Luc Besson 감독의 영화<그랑 블루Grand Blue, 1988>의 주인공 자크처럼 상징적인 푸른색을 통과함으로써 생사를 초월한 경지에 다다르는 데에 그 상징적 의미를 갖는다. 푸른색 물감을 커다란 캔버스에 찍고, 칠하고, 흘리고, 뿌리다보면 온몸의 기운이 붓과 물감을 통해 사방으로 흩어져 캔버스에 쌓인다. 한참을 뿌린 후 커다란 캔버스에 방인 푸른색 기운들은 본인의 주위를 온통 푸른색으로 둘러싸고 본인은 그 푸른색 안에 놓여있게 된다. 그 안에 놓여있는 '나'를 인식하다보면 마치 하인리히나, 자크처럼 푸른색 안에서 평안하고 신비함을 느낀다. 작업 후에 잠시 찾아오는 고요한 상황은 몸과 마음속에 있었던 어지러운 모든 것들을 다 비우게 한다. 분명 푸른색 안에서 본인은 잠시 어둠 같은 이끌림에 침잠했다가 치유되는 듯, 안정감을 찾으며 평안해진다. 다시 작품 속에서 빠져나와 작품을 바라보면, 푸른색에서 느끼는 시원함과 산뜻함이 현재의 '나'를 앞으로 향하는 마음으로, 새롭고 확장된 영역으로 이끈다. 이렇게 푸른 물의 표현은, 푸른색이 갖고 있는 모든 의미를 본인에게 경험시켜주면서 본인의 정신세계를 고양시킨다. 마치 하인리히를 자신과 외부의 세계를 만나게 하여 상징적인 현실로 이끌고, 자크의상실을 치유하고 재생을 도왔던 것처럼 본인에게 안식을 찾아준다. 물水 그 자체는 물질物質인 바다 또는 물을 나타내면서도 비물질화非物質化된 느낌으로 이미지가 확산擴散된다. 캔버스에 표현된 물과 바다는 아주 작거나 한정된 크기이지만 그 이미지를 통해 크고 넓은 물과 바다를 연상하게 된다. 물과 바다가 이미 거대巨大한 크기라는 것은 우리가 잘 알고 있는 현실이다. 잠시 그 바다나 물을 표시하거나 상징하기 위하여 일부가 작업으로 나타난 것이다. 작품을 바라보며 잠시 바다나 물을 대면하게 되고, 우리는 거대하고 압도적壓倒的인 이미지로 다가오는 바다나 물을 통해 '나'의 실체를 확인하고 삶을 깨닫게 된다. 여기에 푸른색이 주는 비물질적非物質的이고 명상적冥想的인 특징이 우리를 초월적超越的이고 확장된 영역으로 안내한다. The <Blue Water> series whose initial themes were the images of still pools represent various forms of water images and symbolize the life cycles of individual humans. The blue water images in my works contain the significant meanings of catharsis and transcendence that lead us an experience of spiritual repose. The color, blue, is selected in order to express the feelings of abyss, sadness, purgation, and spirituality. Blue is the absolute color whose aura reveals the mystical inner world that perpetually pushes me into asceticism and ceaselessly forces me to seek after truth. Likewise, Heinrich in <Blue Flower> by Novalis and Jacques in <Grand Blue> by Luc Besson desire to reach a transcendental and supersensible dimension through the passage of meaningful blues for themselves. It is the absolute dimension in which there are no differences between life and death. In my works, I endeavor to visualize this dimension, using the blue and representing its aura. After dripping, painting, scattering, flowing, sticking, and throwing blue pigments with paintbrushes onto the canvas, I find myself in repose. Dynamic movements I experience while I am painting tie me up to the cosmic energy that is generated from the aura of the blue. This performing experience leads me into the expanded fields of art and gives me senses of cure and regeneration. In this light, <Blue Water> is in the endless process and progress in which I am searching for my absolutely spiritual repose. The feeling of repose is derived from the dual qualities of water: physicality and non-physicality. People possibly imagine the ocean by the psychological association of the color, blue. The physicality of the ocean is visually and contextually applied to my works. This applied water images are found in the outcomes of brush strokes on the canvas in aid of physical visualization of water. At the same time, the blue in my works transfers the physicality of water into the non-physical experience of meditation. The physicality and non-physicality of water visually corresponds on the canvas and their unity offers the spectator the ultimate experience of physical and mental repose. It is the moment of mutual communication between the work of art and the spectator through spiritual experience of repose.