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      • KCI등재
      • 순산소를 활용한 온풍기 성능해석

        전한별(Han Byeol Jeon),한승희(Sueng Hee Han),윤린(Rin Yun),김종만(Jong Man Kim),원종필(Jong Pil Won) 대한기계학회 2011 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2011 No.5

        The burning of fossil fuels is source of the incomplete combustion gas of CO and Nox, which occurs the global warming. Many international efforts have been done to prevent this global warming problem. The oxy-fuel combustion has emerged as one of the solutions to decrease the incomplete combustion gas. The Oxy-fuel combustion shows the about 30% energy savings compared to the normal air combustion, and the combustion products are only H₂O and CO₂. The basic design data for air heater was obtained by an experiments with the pure oxygen for combustion, and the heat transfer area of the air heater was calculated by using the data. The optimum tube array of the air heater was determined by using the commercial CFO program.

      • SCOPUSKCI등재

        Lactobacillus sporgenes에 의한 $\beta$-Galactosidase생산에 관한 연구 -$\beta$-Galactosidase의 효소학적 성질-

        Kim, Young-Man,Lee, Jung-Chi,Chung, Pil-Keun,Park, Yong-Jin,Yang, Han-Chul 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 1983 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.11 No.3

        유포자 유산균인 Lactobacillus sporogenes에 의한 extracellular $\beta$-galactosidase의 생산에 관한 연구에 이어 본 효소의 효소학적 일반성질을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. L. sporosenes $\beta$-glactosidase는 o-nitrophenyl-$\beta$-d-glaactopyranoside(ONPG)를 가수분해 할때에 0.05M-sodium phosphate buffer를 사용하여 pH6.8과 반응온도 6$0^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높은 효소활성을 나타냈으며 또한 이 효소반응의 activation enery는 50~6$0^{\circ}C$에서는 11,300ca1/mo1e, $50^{\circ}C$이하에서는 16,000ca1/mo1이었다. 효소활성에 미치는 금속 이온의 효과는 거의 없었으나 L-cysteine 10mM 첨가로 뚜렷한 첨가 효과를 나타내므로서 sulfhydryl enzyme의 특징을 보였다. 한편 lactose와 ONPG에 대한 Michaelis constant가 각각 6.45$\times$$10^{-2}$M, 1.48$\times$$10^{-3}$M을 나타냄으로서 본 효소는 ONPG에 휠씬 큰 친화성을 나타냈다. 또 ONPG분해반응은 lactose, galactose, glucose등의 당류첨가에 의해 그 반응속도가 현저히 감소되며 lactose는 특이하게 noncompe titive저해 양식을 나타내었으며 Ki값은 17.8mM galactose는 Ki값이 13.3mM, competitive inhibition glucose는 11.4mM의 Ki값에 uncompetitive inhibition을 나타냈다. 특히 본 효소는 중성부의 pH와 6$0^{\circ}C$에서 180분간 가열후에도 70%이상의 효소활성을 나타냄으로서 상당히 높은 열안정을 나타냄과 동시에 균체외 효소라는 장점도 아울러 가지고 있어 식품공업에의 그 이용 가능성이 매우 높다고 하겠다. Extracellular $\beta$-galactosidase was prepared from a culture of Lactobacillus sporogenes, a spore-forming lactic acid bacterium. The enzyme functioned optimally at pH 6.8 and at 6$0^{\circ}C$ o-nitrophenyl-$\beta$-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) in 0.05M sodium phosphate buffer. The activation energy of the enzymatic hydrolysis of ONPG was about 16,000 cal/mole below $50^{\circ}C$ and 11,300 cal/mole above the temperature. It was fairly stable over a pH range from 4.0 to 8.0 losing only less than 30% of its activity after hearting at 6$0^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.8 for 3 hours. Metal ions showed no significant effect on the enzyme activity, whereas L-cysteine exerted a slight stimulatory effect at the concentration of 10mM. The km values were 1.48mM for ONPG and 64.5mM for lactose. Hydrolysis of ONPG by the enzyme was product-inhibited by galactose (Ki=13.3mM, competitive inhibition) and by glucose(Ki= 11.4mM, uncompetitive type). The enzyme activity was also noncompetitively inhibited in the presence of lactose (Ki= 17.8mM).

      • Spin-assembled layer-by-layer films of weakly charged polyelectrolyte multilayer.

        Lee, Yong Man,Park, Dong Kyu,Choe, Woo-Seok,Cho, Sung Min,Han, Gui Young,Park, Juhyun,Yoo, Pil J American Scientific Publishers 2009 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.9 No.12

        <P>We investigate the effect of film deposition methods on the film properties of layer-by-layer assembled polyelectrolyte multilayers. Multilayered structures of linear polyethylenimine (LPEI) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) are prepared by using conventional dipping-based assembly as well as spin-assisted assembly. While the polyelectrolyte interpenetration by the diffusion motion of LPEI species is allowed in dipping-based assembly, an instantaneously and kinetically frozen phase of the film deposition is obtainable from spin-assisted assembly. Being kept from the interdiffusion of LPEI, a stratified internal structure is expected in the spin-assisted assembly, which is completely contrasted to the intermixed phase in the dipping-based assembly. The ability to control the inner structure of the multilayered film enables us to manipulate the physical properties or chemical activity of the functionalized thin films. We also demonstrate that the control over the strength of polyelectrolyte interdiffusion on a very top surface can be utilized for a quantitative manipulation on the degree of macromolecular self-assembly of nanomaterials.</P>

      • KCI등재

        국소적으로 진행된 자궁경부암에서 동시 항암화학방사선치료의 효과

        박영한,유희석,장기홍,전미선,윤종혁,유종만,이정필,이은주 대한산부인과학회 2002 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.45 No.4

        목적 : 국소적으로 진행된 자궁경부암 환자들에 대한 치료로서 동시 항암화학방사선치료의 효과를 확인하고 그 부작용을 비교하고자 하였다. 연구 방법 : 1994년 9월부터 2000년 8월까지 아주대학교병원 산부인과를 방문하여 임상병기 Ⅱb에서 Ⅵa의 국소적으로 진행된 자궁경부암으로 진단 받은 환자들과, 병기 Ib나 Ⅱa로 진단된 환자 중 병소의 최대직경이 5 cm 이상인 거대 종괴 환자들 및 자기공명영상촬영상 직경 1 cm 크기 이상의 골반내 림프절 비대 소견을 보여 림프절 전이가 있는 것으로 추정되는 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 총 242명의 방사선치료를 받은 환자들 중 재발 고위험군을 대상으로 동시 항암화학방사선요법을 시행한 24명과 방사선치료만을 받은 62명의 치료 효과 와 부작용을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 골반 방사선조사는 45 Gy 시행 후 (중앙차폐 36-40 Gy에 시행) 골반의 국소 전이와 림프절 전이를 보인 경우 자궁 주위 조직에 총 5,800 cGy까지 추가 조사하였다. 통상적으로 하루에 1.8 Gy씩 주 당 5회 실시하였으며 고선량 근접치료로 A 점에 4 Gy 또는 5 Gy씩 6-7회 조사하였다. 항암화학치료는 방사선치료 제 1일과 29일에 cisplatin 75 ㎎/m2, 제 2일부터 5일과 제 30일부터 33일까지 5-FU 1000 ㎎/m2/day를 주사하였다. 부작용을 GOG 정의에 따라 평가하고 생존율과 재발율을 통계적으로 분석하였다. 결과 : 2년 생존율은 동시항암화학방사선치료를 받은 전체 18명의 대상 환자 중 3명이 사망하여 15명 (83.3%), 방사선치료군은 61명 중 15명이 사망하고 46명 (75.4%)이 생존함으로써 방사선치료에 비해 상대적 사망위험이 66% 감소하였다 (RR 0.34, p=0.092). 치료 종료 후 2년째에 동시항암화학방사선치료군 18명 중 2명 (11.1%)이 재발하고, 방사선치료군은 61명 중 19명 (32.3%)이 재발함으로써 방사선치료군의 재발위험에 비하여 동시항암화학방사선치료군은 32% (RR 0.68, p=0.5) 감소하는 효과를 보였다. 동시항암화학방사선치료 기간 중 나타난 부작용은 grade 3의 장염이 3명 (12.5%), grade 3의 백혈구 감소는 2명 (8.3%), grade 3의 빈혈은 1명 (4.1%), grade 4의 빈혈은 2명 (8.3%)에서 발생하였다. 단독 방사선치료시 급성 독작용은 grade 3의 장염이 7명 (11.3%), grade 3의 직장 출혈이 1명 (1%)으로써 동시항암화학방사선치료군에서 급성 부작용의 발생이 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 결론 : 국소적으로 진행된 자궁경부암 환자에서 동시항암화학방사선치료를 함으로써 재발율을 감소시키고, 무병생존율은 향상시킬 수 있었다. 그러나 동시항암화학방사선치료 환자군에서 급성 부작용이 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 적절한 처치가 가능하였다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in loco-regionally advanced cervical cancer patients. Methods : The medical records of 24 patients were retrospectively reviewed who underwent CCRT' and 62 patients who had underwent radiation therapy alone at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ajou University Hospital from September, 1994 to August 2000 for loco-regionally advanced cervical cancer (stage Ⅱb-Ⅳa and Ib-Ⅱa with bulky tumor mass or pelvic lymph node involvement detected by magnetic resonance imaging). Radiotherapy was performed for 7 weeks during which the patients underwent radiotherapy and chemotherapy concomitantly. Chemotherapeutic regimen consisted of cisplatin (75 ㎎/m2 on day 1, 4) and 5-FU (1000 ㎎/m2 on day 2-5, 30-33). The toxicity was assessed according to the GOG toxicity criteria. Results : In the CCRT group, 2 of 18 patients (11.1%) had recurrent disease. Of the 22 patients who were followed up, the overall survival rate was 83.3%, and the relapse-free survival rate was 89.9%. In the radiotherapy alone group, 19 of 61 patients (32.3%) had recurrent disease. Of the 62 patients who were followed up, the overall survival rate was 75.4% and the relapsed-free survival rate was 67.7%. Relative risk reduction rate of the death rate in the CCRT group was 66% (RR 0.34), and 32% (RR 0.68) in the recurrence rate. Acute toxicities in the CCRT group were enteritis grade 3:3 (12.5%), leukopenia grade 3:2 (8.3%), anemia grade 3:1 (4.1%) and grade 4:2 (8.3%). The acute toxicities in the radiation therapy alone group were enteritis grade 3:7 (11.3%), rectal bleeding grade 3:1 (1%). Increased acute toxicities developed in the CCRT group. Conclusion : This study shows improved overall survival rates and relapse-free survival rates but some increase in acute toxicity. It is suggested that CCRT be the standard treatment of loco-regionally advanced cervical cancer. Due to small size sample and short duration of follow up, further study of a large group of patients and the long term survival rate are necessary.

      • KCI등재
      • KCI등재

        Purposes, Results, and Types of Software Post Life Cycle Changes

        Seokha Koh,Man Pil Han 한국데이타베이스학회 2015 Journal of information technology applications & m Vol.22 No.3

        This paper addresses the issue how the total life cycle cost may be minimized and how the cost should be allocated to the acquirer and developer. This paper differentiates post life cycle change (PLCC) endeavors from PLCC activities, rigorously classifies PLCC endeavors according to the result of PLCC endeavors, and rigorously defines the life cycle cost of a software product. This paper reviews classical definitions of software ‘maintenance’ types and proposes a new typology of PLCC activities too. The proposed classification schemes are exhaustive and mutually exclusive, and provide a new paradigm to review existing literatures regarding software cost estimation, software ‘maintenance,’ software evolution, and software architecture from a new perspective. This paper argues that the long-term interest of the acquirer is not protected properly because warranty period is typically too short and because the main concern of warranty service is given to removing the defects detected easily. Based on the observation that defects are caused solely by errors the developer has committed for software while defects are often induced by using for hardware (so, this paper cautiously proposes not to use the term ‘maintenance’ at all for software), this paper argues that the cost to remove defects should not be borne by the acquirer for software.

      • SCIESCOPUSKCI등재

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