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- 저자 : Liu Jinghong (검색결과 3 건)
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Fortress besieged: The female working poor in the evolution of Chinese social closure
Liu Jinghong 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2020 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.26 No.3
China's political power has played a significant role in shaping gendered trends for the working poor, herein referred to as “in-work poverty” (IWP), which refers to people who work but whose incomes still fall below the official poverty threshold. By examining the historical development in China from pre-liberation days to the post-liberation period ending in the 1990s, this article examines how poverty has been gendered and how economic, social, and political processes of what are called “social closures” have led to this. Defined as processes of drawing boundaries, constructing identities, and building groups in order to monopolize scarce resources for one's own community, thereby excluding others from using them, the model of social closure (SC) in China has seen a transition. And, this illustrates how earlier norms of exclusion have changed, following its growing economic power, but continue to make a gendered impact on the working poor. I argue that economic conditions have determined the fate of the working poor with respect to their socioeconomic well-being. The evolution of SC reveals the limitations of employment-linked social insurance, the fragile and gradually loosening family protection network, a gendered institutional environment, and growing numbers of poor working women.
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A Simulation Study on the Impact of Abandoned Trolley Cases on Pedestrian Evacuation
Dongyue Xu,Jinghong Wang,Juan Liu,Yan Wang,Juncheng Jiang 대한토목학회 2023 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.27 No.3
Many pedestrians empirically think that discarding luggage can improve evacuation efficiency, but it is unclear whether discarding luggage is an effective evacuation strategy. Previous models also oversimplified the interference of abandoned luggage on pedestrians. Hence, an extended social force model integrates pedestrian interaction with abandoned luggage like trolley cases was firstly proposed. A simulation based on a real metro station was carried out to examine the effectiveness of evacuation strategy like abandoning trolley cases at the bottleneck such as gate machine and metro carriage door, and the influence mechanism of abandoned trolley cases on pedestrians was investigated. The results show that discarding the trolley cases at the gate machine and at the metro carriage door cannot improve evacuation efficiency but increase the evacuation time by 78.7% and 14.9% at these two positions when the carrying ratio is 50%, respectively. When the occupancy rate of trolley case at the gate machine and metro carriage door is below 19% and 11%, pedestrians tend to detour the abandoned trolley cases and this behavior significantly increased the collisions between pedestrians at bottlenecks, and when the occupancy rate exceeds, they tend to push aside the trolley cases and the evacuation efficiency is further reduced.
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Xu Zhu,Rui Yang,Yingyan Han,Jinghong Hao,Chaojie Liu,Shuangxi Fan 한국원예학회 2020 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.61 No.3
Nitrate nitrogen (NO 3− ) and ammonium N (NH 4+ ) are the two main forms of nitrogen (N). The eff ects of the NO 3− :NH 4+ ratio(0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0) in the nutrient solution on growth, pigment content, photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll(Chl) precursor content, and chloroplast mitochondrial ultrastructure of lettuce leaves were evaluated to determine theappropriate N ratio for the growth of lettuce. The results showed that a ratio of nitrate to ammonium of 75:25 compared withthe single N form resulted in signifi cantly higher fresh weights in the shoots and the lower parts of the lettuce. The growthrate, as indicated by the CO 2 response curve, was increased because of the carboxylation effi ciency and dark respiration rate(Rday) of the lettuce seedlings, and the diff erence between the light compensation point and CO 2 compensation point wasreduced under single nitrate N treatment. The contents of δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), porphobilinogen, uroporphyrinogenIII, protoporphyrin IX, and Mg-protoporphyrin IX in seedlings at 75:25 nitrate:ammonium were higher than those inseedlings under the other treatments. The contents of Chl a and b were also the highest when the ratio of nitrate ammoniumwas 75:25. The chloroplast structure of lettuce leaves was intact, the cell membrane was completely closed to the cell wall,and the organelles were closely arranged on the cell membrane. The chloroplast was spindle-shaped and full of vesicles. The whole mitochondria were rich, the base particles were rich, the base granules were clear and rich, and the mitochondriaexhibited the overall best state with a complete structure, rich sputum, and dense inclusions. The above results show that thenutrient solution with a ratio of nitrate to ammonium of 75:25 was more conducive to Chl synthesis and the promotion ofphotosynthesis and root growth in lettuce seedlings than the other treatments. The single nitrate N nutrient solution reducedChl synthesis and photosynthesis in lettuce seedlings, while the single ammonium N nutrient solution aff ected the growthof lettuce seedlings, resulting in lower growth of lettuce shoots and roots. Therefore, the nutrient solution ratio of nitrate toammonium of 75:25 is the most suitable for the lettuce seedling growth.
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