http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Manjing Deng,Qian Xu,Zhihua Liu1,Ling Guo,Rui Liu,Rulei Li,Xiang Chu,Jiajia Yang,Jia Luo,Faming Chen 한국분자세포생물학회 2019 Molecules and cells Vol.42 No.11
Periodontitis is characterized by the loss of periodontal tissues, especially alveolar bone. Common therapies cannot satisfactorily recover lost alveolar bone. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) possess the capacity of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation and are likely to recover lost alveolar bone. In addition, periodontitis is accompanied by hypoxia, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a master transcription factor in the response to hypoxia. Thus, we aimed to ascertain how hypoxia affects runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), a key osteogenic marker, in the osteogenesis of PDLSCs. In this study, we found that hypoxia enhanced the protein expression of HIF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and RUNX2 ex vivo and in situ. VEGF is a target gene of HIF-1α, and the increased expression of VEGF and RUNX2 proteins was enhanced by cobalt chloride (CoCl2, 100 μmol/L), an agonist of HIF-1α, and suppressed by 3-(5′-hydroxymethyl-2′-furyl)-1-benzyl indazole (YC-1, 10 μmol/L), an antagonist of HIF-1α. In addition, VEGF could regulate the expression of RUNX2, as RUNX2 expression was enhanced by human VEGF (hVEGF165) and suppressed by VEGF siRNA. In addition, knocking down VEGF could decrease the expression of osteogenesis-related genes, i.e., RUNX2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and type I collagen (COL1), and hypoxia could enhance the expression of ALP, COL1, and osteocalcin (OCN) in the early stage of osteogenesis of PDLSCs. Taken together, our results showed that hypoxia could mediate the expression of RUNX2 in PDLSCs via HIF-1α-induced VEGF and play a positive role in the early stage of osteogenesis of PDLSCs
p38 MAPK Signaling Mediates Mitochondrial Apoptosis in Cancer Cells Induced by Oleanolic Acid
Liu, Jia,Wu, Ning,Ma, Lei-Na,Zhong, Jia-Teng,Liu, Ge,Zheng, Lan-Hong,Lin, Xiu-Kun Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.11
Oleanolic acid (OA) is a nutritional component widely distributed in various vegetables. Although it has been well recognized for decades that OA exerts certain anti-tumor activity by inducing mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, it is still unclear that what molecular signaling is responsible for this effect. In this study, we employed cancer cell lines, A549, BXPC-3, PANC-1 and U2OS to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying OA anti-tumor activity. We found that activation of MAPK pathways, including p-38 MAPK, JNK and ERK, was triggered by OA in both a dose and time-dependent fashion in all the tested cancer cells. Activation was accompanied by cleavage of caspases and PARP as well as cytochrome C release. SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor), but not SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) and U0126 (ERK inhibitor), rescued the pro-apoptotic effect of OA on A549 and BXPC-3 cells. OA induced p38 MAPK activation promoted mitochondrial translocation of Bax and Bim, and inhibited Bcl-2 function by enhancing their phosphorylation. OA can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent ASK1 activation, and this event was indispensable for p38 MAPK-dependent apoptosis in cancer cells. In vivo, p38 MAPK knockdown A549 tumors proved resistant to the growth-inhibitory effect of OA. Collectively, we elucidated that activation of ROS/ASK1/p38 MAPK pathways is responsible for the apoptosis stimulated by OA in cancer cells. Our finding can contribute to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the antitumor activity of nutritional components.
국제상사중재상 택일조항과 기판력원칙의 적용에 관한 고찰
류쟈쟈(Jia-Jia Liu),한낙현(Nak-Hyun Han) 한국국제상학회 2023 國際商學 Vol.38 No.1
본 연구에서는 국제상사중재에서 자주 쟁점이 되고 있는 기판력조항과 택일조항을 분석하고, 이들 조항과 관련하여 쟁점이 된 Iberdrola v. Guatemala(Ⅱ) 사건을 분석한 후 그 시사점을 제시하고 있다. 이 사건에서 ① 기판력(res judicata)의 문제는 국제법과 중재지법(스위스법)에 근거하여 판정되었다. ② 3중 동일성 기준(triple identity test)에 근거해 전 ICSID 중재의 관할권 부정 판정의 기판력을 인정하고, UNCITRAL 중재에서 신청인의 청구가 차단되었다. ③ 투자조약상에는 명시적인 택일(fork in the road) 조항이 존재하지 않았지만, 해석에 의해 택일조항의 존재를 인정한 후에 그것을 적용하여 관할권을 부정했다. ④ 반소에 대해 투자조약과 중재규칙이 모순되는 경우에 있어서는 전자가 우선한다고 해, 반소를 할 권리를 피신청국은 갖지 않는다고 판정했다는 점에서 의의가 있다고 본다. Purpose: By analyzing the res judicata principle and the fork-in-the-road clause, which are frequently at issue in international commercial arbitration, this study presents the implications related to these clauses after analysis of Iberdrola v. Guatemala (II). Research design, data, and methodology: This study mainly adopts the literature research method, and utilizes domestic and foreign literature as well as Internet data. Results: ① The issue of res judicata was decided based on international law and the law of the place of arbitration (Swiss law). ② Based on the triple identity test, the ICSID recognized the arbitration’s denial of jurisdiction under the res judicata principle, and the UNCITRAL claimant was blocked in arbitration. Conclusions: It is meaningful that it was decided that the respondent country does not have the right to file a counterclaim, saying that the former takes precedence in cases where the investment treaty and the arbitration rules contradict each other.
Jia Lyu,Yihua Wang,Linglong Liu,Chunming Wang,Yulong Ren,Cheng Peng,Feng Liu,Yunlong Wang,Mei Niu,Di Wang,Ming Zheng,Kunneng Zhou,Shaolu Zhao,Fuqing Wu,Haiyang Wang,Jianmin Wan 한국식물학회 2017 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.60 No.5
Differentiation from proplastids into chloroplasts isa light- and energy-dependent process. How this process isregulated is still poorly understood at the molecular level. We herein report a new putative plastidial adenine nucleotidetransporter, BRITTLE1-3 (referred to as OsBT1-3), encoded bythe rice (Oryza sativa) White Stripe Leaf 2 (WSL2) gene. Loss of OsBT1-3 function results in defective chloroplastbiogenesis, severely reduced photosynthetic efficiency, andfinally a white stripe leaf phenotype in the first four leaves. The expression levels of genes related to chlorophyllbiosynthesis and photosynthesis are drastically reduced,accompanied with over accumulation of reactive oxygenspecies (ROS) in the wsl2 mutant. OsBT1-3 is targeted tothe chloroplasts and it expresses in almost all tissues inplants, especially in young leaves. OsBT1-3 consists of 419amino acids and exhibits features of all mitochondrialcarrier proteins, including a typical transmembrane-spanningdomain and a highly conserved sequence motif designatedas the ‘mitochondrial energy transfer signatures’. Phylogeneticanalysis shows that OsBT1-3 is a putative plastidialadenine nucleotide transporter and is most closely relatedto ZmBT1-2. Together, these observations suggest that thenew putative adenine nucleotide transporter, OsBT1-3,plays an essential role in regulating chloroplast biogenesisand maintenance of ROS homeostasis during rice seedlingde-etiolation.
Jia Dexiang,Li Xinda,Guo Shaodong,Liu Fang,Fu Chengcheng,Huang Xingde,Dong Zhen,Liu Jing 대한전기학회 2024 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.19 No.3
On the one hand, as a substitute for traditional fuel vehicles, electric vehicles (EV) is an important measure to achieve “carbon peak and carbon neutralization” in transportation. On the other hand, as an energy storage unit in the new power system, it can make up for the disadvantages brought by renewable energy power generation. Therefore, scientifc and efective evaluation of EV benefts is the premise to promote the development of EV. In view of the characteristics of EV involving many interest groups and huge market potential, this paper introduces the comprehensive evaluation theory in operations research: analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight method, and combines the respective advantages of the two methods to avoid the distortion of evaluation results caused by a single evaluation method. First of all, under the background of building a new power system and realizing a powerful automobile country, the EV promotion beneft evaluation index system is constructed from fve frst-class indexes and 18 s-class indexes of consumers, distribution network, charging network, social beneft and environmental beneft. Then, aiming at the shortcomings of single evaluation method, the subjective and objective combination method of AHP entropy weight method is established to solve each weight index, so as to realize the scientifc quantifcation of the index. Finally, a certain area of a coastal city is selected for example analysis. The results show that the evaluation method established in this paper has a positive efect on EV promotion, and can provide suggestions for EV promotion.
Optimization Design of Wind Turbine Blade based on MATLAB
Liu Yang,Jia Bin 보안공학연구지원센터(IJUNESST) 2015 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.8 No.1
The author to Willson wind turbine blade optimization design mathematical model, draw the corresponding program block diagram, and use MATLAB high-level programming language to write the wind turbine blade aerodynamic design program. Application of the design program design, the manufacture of the small wind turbine model, and through the actual vehicle test on the pneumatic performance. Experiment proves that the application of MATLAB high-level programming language design of wind turbine blade to realize the maximization of wind energy use efficiency; Matching with spring type variable propeller torque mechanism, but also realized the author predicted low wind speed large output, high wind speed steady output of the ideal effect, in order to solve the low wind speed wind turbine start-up, big wind speed under the condition of the wind turbine output is too large under the condition of the problem of difficult to control provides a new train of thought.