Two Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Alleviates Drought Stress and Improves Plant Growth in Cinnamomum migao Seedlings

( Xiaofeng Liao ),( Jingzhong Chen ),( Ruiting Guan ),( Jiming Liu ),( Qinwen Sun ) 한국균학회 2021 Mycobiology Vol.49 No.4

Cinnamomum migao plants often face different degrees of drought in karst habitats, which can lead to plants’ death, especially in the seedling stage. Widespread of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in karst soils have the potential to address this drought, which is a threat to C. migao seedlings. We inoculated C. migao seedlings with spores from Glomus lamellosum and Glomus etunicatum, two AM fungi widely distributed in karst soils, to observe seedling growth response after simulated drought. Our results showed that 40 g of G. lamellosum and G. etunicatum significantly promoted the growth of C. migao seedlings, 120 days after inoculation. Following a 15-day drought treatment, root colonization of the seedlings with G. lamellosum or G. etunicatum had lower the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the accumulation of enzymes and osmotic substances in the seedlings. The relative water content in different organs (roots, stems, and leaves) of the drought-stressed seedlings was higher in plants with G. lamellosum or G. etunicatum than in plants without AM fungi colonization. Our results showed that inoculation with AM fungi was an effective means to improve the drought resistance of C. migao seedlings.

Improved Algorithm of Association Matching for Pedestrian Tracking in Occlusion Scene

xiaofeng ZHANG,jianlan LIAO,dixing LI,guowei YANG 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.9 No.1

In order to improve the association matching of multiple pedestrians in occlusion scene, an improved algorithm is proposed in this paper that combines the similarity matching of pedestrian object’s major color spectrum histogram combination with joint probabilistic data association. The similarity to major color spectrum histogram of pedestrian’s object is calculated between the previous and the frame that current frames in this algorithm. And take the centroid location of pedestrian’s target which is with the most largest similarity to correct the state vector of the JPDA algorithm in the current frame. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm could make the number of the targets’ label adhesion reduced to 40%, the number of the targets’ label confusion decreased about 33%, the recall rate of targets is increased by 6.8%, and the tracking accuracy is improved by 9.2% compared with the classical JPDA algorithm when the occlusion rate between pedestrians and intensity are not very high.

Leader-Following Finite-Time Consensus in Second-order Multi-Agent Networks with Nonlinear Dynamics

Huaqing Li,Xiaofeng Liao,Guo Chen 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2013 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.11 No.2

Robust finite-time consensus problems in leader-following multi-agent directed networks with second-order nonlinear dynamics are considered in this paper. By using matrix theory, algebraic graph theory and finite-time control scheme, a class of continuous distributed control algorithms are designed in a quite unified way for each follower agent to reach consensus in a finite time. A numerical example is also employed to illustrate the effectiveness and correctness of our theoretical results.

Periodic Intermittent Consensus of Second-Order Agents Networks with Nonlinear Dynamics

Li Xiao,Xiaofeng Liao 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2014 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.12 No.1

The consensus problem for a class of second-order agents networks via periodically intermittent control is investigated in this paper. A novel protocol is designed by periodic intermittent measurements and directed topology. Based on algebraic graph theory, matrix theory and Lyapunov control approach, some sententious conditions are obtained for reaching consensus in agents networks with fixed topology. Finally, one example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.

Deodorization Study of the Swine Manure with Two Yeast Strains

Zhiying Yan,Xiaofeng Liu,Yuexiang Yuan,Yinzhang Liao,Xudong Li 한국생물공학회 2013 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.18 No.1

With the transition of livestock production from the traditional small household farming to large-scale centralized breeding, the odor pollution caused by livestock manure has become pressing in China. In this study, two yeast strains Y1 and Y2 with high deodorization efficiency were isolated from the sample collected from an outlet in a swine farm in Shuangliu County, Sichuan Province. The scale-up deodorization experiments were carried out for strains Y1, Y2, and their mixture Y1+Y2. The results showed that the reduction rate of treatments on NH3 was in the sequence of Y1+Y2 (35.6 ~ 68.7%) >Y1 (20.3 ~63.7%) >Y2 (-11.7 ~ 53.8%). The reduction rate of treatments on H2S was in the sequence of Y1+Y2 (47.2 ~70.1%) > Y2 (36.6 ~ 60.8%) > Y1 (27.6 ~ 42.0%). The reduction rate of treatments on total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) was in the sequence of Y1+Y2 (49.1~ 68.3%) > Y1 (36.2 ~ 54.6%) >Y2 (20.8 ~ 48.6%). The reduction rate of treatments on odor intensity was in the sequence of Y1+Y2 (27.2-60.3%) > Y1 (16.3 ~ 38.5%)>Y2 (-0.4 ~ 35.2%). Furthermore, the concentrations of VFAs, indole, skatole, total nitrogen (TN), organic nitrogen (ON), total sulfur (TS), and ammonium nitrogen (AN) in swine manure during deodorization by yeast strains Y1,Y2, and their mixture Y1+Y2 were assayed. The results showed the concentrations of VFAs, indole, and skatole in the manure with Y1, Y2, and Y1+Y2 treatments were all lower than those of the control group. The concentrations of TN, ON, and TS in treatments were all higher than that of the control group. The concentrations of AN in the treatment groups were all lower than those of the control group.

A back-drivable linear force actuator for adaptive grasping

Hongliang Hua,Zhenqiang Liao,Xiaofeng Wu,YongJiang Chen,Chun Feng 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.8

Robotic gripper is a fundamental component of robot to achieve grasping operations. Grasping force control is an essential requirement for the robotic gripper to achieve adaptive grasping and safety. This paper presents a linear series elastic actuator (LSEA) for robotic grasping applications. The proposed LSEA is characterized as miniature, back-drivable, compact and modular, which could effectively reduce the integrating difficulty of the robotic gripper system. A novel blocking control strategy for actuating force control is proposed to enhance the control stability of the LSEA. Model identification experiments are performed to identify the control models for the actuating force control and self-sensing. Actuating force control experiments are then performed to verify the effectiveness of the established control models. Experimental results reveal that the LSEA could achieve stable actuating force control when interacting with the objects with variable stiffness. An underactuated finger mechanism is utilized to experimentally verify the effectiveness of the proposed LSEA in robotic grasping applications. Results reveal that the grasping adaptability and strength could be controlled by the LSEA in a feedforward approach without the requirement of fingertip force sensor.

Effects of rhizosphere microbiome on the fruit of Cinnamomum migao H. W. Li: culture, amplicon sequencing, and metagenomic sequencing

Chen Jingzhong,Liu Jiming,Liao Xiaofeng 한국원예학회 2023 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.64 No.5

Cinnamomum migao H. W. Li is an evergreen tree belonging to the Lauraceae family and is endemic to China. Previous studies have found that the rhizosphere microbiome associated with the C. migao wild population plays an essential role in the production of fruit chemical components. However, it remains unknown whether the rhizosphere microbiome aff ects the production of fruit chemical compounds in cultivated C. migao population. Herein, we studied a 10-year-old fruit-bearing population of C. migao and used techniques such as culturing, amplicon sequencing, and metagenomic sequencing to explore the changes in the rhizosphere microbial community structure over three periods. Meanwhile, the molecular ecological network of the rhizosphere microbiome was constructed based on random matrix theory. The unidentifi ed species were found to belong to fungi and Capnodiales. Sphingomonas sp. mm-1 and Streptomyces scabiei in network hubs were recognized in over three fruiting periods. Further, four network hubs were signifi cantly related to fruit chemical compounds production in C. migao . The higher the number of species annotated, the better the explanation for fruit chemical compounds production in C. migao . The rhizosphere microbiome was found to exert a synergistic eff ect by increasing fruit chemical component production in C. migao . This was evinced through KEGG analysis, which revealed the diff erent metabolic activities aff ected by the rhizosphere microbiome. This study revealed the potential ways and putative keystone taxa of rhizosphere microbiome aff ecting fruit component production in C. migao , which opens up new opportunities for further manipulation and development of the rhizosphere microbiome to promote plant productivity.

High-Throughput Digital Genotyping Tools for Panax ginseng Based on Diversity among 44 Complete Plastid Genomes

장우종,장예은,조우현,이세현,심현아,박지영,Jiang Xu,Xiaofeng Shen,Baosheng Liao,조익현,김영창,양태진 한국육종학회 2022 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.10 No.3

Cultivation of the medicinal herb Panax ginseng Meyer began by domesticating wild mountain ginsengs severalhundred years ago in Korea. Elucidating the diversity of the maternally inherited plastid genome (plastome) in diverse ginsengcollections including wild ginsengs would provide valuable information on ginseng breeding and cultivation history. We sequencedand compared the plastomes of 44 ginseng accessions collected from various Northeast Asian countries. The plastomes revealed 18polymorphic sites, including 11 SNPs and 7 InDels, which portrayed less diversity than in the most closely related species, P. quinquefolius. We developed 10 kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers and utilized them along with four previouslydeveloped InDel markers to characterize the genotypes of 203 ginseng accessions. Digital genotyping based on the developed KASPmarkers classified the accessions into 10 main and 2 branching haplotypes. Four InDel markers derived from different copy numbers oftandem repeats showed dynamic subgrouping within the haplotypes due to the occurrence of multi-alleles and reversible mutations. Thedigital haplotype genotyping (haplotyping) revealed that haplotype A, representing 60.1% of the accessions, might be the originalplastome form without any SNP occurrence. Accumulation patterns of the variations suggest that nine main haplotypes (B-J) divergedindependently by new SNP occurrences from the original plastome, and branching haplotypes may have derived from the first mutantlineage by additional SNP deposition. The digital haplotyping system based on plastome diversity deepens understanding of ginsengevolution and serves as a useful molecular breeding tool.

Dual-Responsive Cross-Linked Micelles from Amphiphilic Four-Arm Star Copolymers with Different Block Ratios for Triggering DOX Release

Yunwei Huang,Yanzhe Li,Zilun Tang,Qiuping Su,Tingting Liao,Yuxin Gu,Xiaofeng Lin,Xihong Zu,Wenjing Lin,Guobin Yi 한국고분자학회 2020 Macromolecular Research Vol.28 No.8

The four-arm star copolymers poly(methacrylic acid)-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-disulfide~)-poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (4AS-PMAAx-(PHEMA-SS~)y-PPEGMAz) with four different block ratios were synthesized and could self-assembled into cross-linked polymer micelles for the exploration of the structure-property relationship. The cross-linked polymer micelles in aqueous solution had low critical micelle concentration (CMC) values (1.9-4.6 mg/L), which exhibited better stability than non-cross-linked micelles. The CMC value decreased with the increase of the length of inner PMAA core and hydrophobic PHEMA cross-linked middle layer. The blank and doxorubicin (DOX)- loaded micelles with different block ratios were prepared by dialysis with the particle sizes of 120-240 nm. The longer inner PMAA core and cross-linked middle layer enhanced the drug loading content (DLC) results and led to relatively bigger particle sizes of polymer micelles. The in vitro DOX release data revealed that DOX-loaded micelles had low DOX cumulative release percentages of 18-37% after 110 h at pH 7.4, but up to 83-90% when introducing reductant GSH at pH 5.0. The 4AS-PMAA21.2-(PHEMASS~) 13.1-PPEGMA5.1 micelles with the longest PMAA core had the largest cumulative release of 90.1%. The DOX release process and mechanism of the micelles at different conditions fitted well with the semi-empirical equation. Overall, the results demonstrated that the block ratios and pH/redox-responsiveness of these four-arm star copolymers could be well-controlled and their self-assembled cross-linked micelles as anticancer drug carrier system could be improved by optimizing the different ratios.