A Study on American Literary Expatriation

Lee, Sang-wha 한국영어영문학회 1981 영어 영문학 Vol.27 No.3

Radioresponse of Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Treatment of Lymph Node Metastasis

Sang Min Yoon,Jong Hoon Kim,Eun Kyung Choi,Seung Do Ahn,Sang-wook Lee,Byong Yong Yi,Young Wha Chung,Young Sang Lee,Dong Jin Seo 대한암학회 2004 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.36 No.1

PURPOSE: To analyze the radioresponse of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), using accurate measurements of the tumor size in extrahepatic lymph node metastasis, and to obtain information for the future treatment of primary intrahepatic lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-one extrahepatic lymph node metastases from primary HCCs, which could be treated by external radiotherapy alone, were included in this study. The radiation dose ranged from 30 to 51 Gy with fraction sizes of 2.0~3.0 Gy. Responses were determined by measuring the areas on CT scans 0, 1 and 3 months after the completion of radiotherapy. The median follow-up period of the surviving patients was 10 months. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 76%, and the important factors were; total dose of radiation, time dose fractionation (TDF) value and the biologically effective dose (BED). A dose of 45 Gy or higher showed an objective response rate of 93%, and if the TDF value was higher than 90, a similar result was observed. In about half (47%) of the patients the maximum response was observed at 3 months or later. The response duration was observable in 14 patients surviving 12 months or longer. Regrowth of irradiated lesions were observed in 4 (66.7%) patients among those who received less than 45 Gy, and in 4 (50%) among those who were treated with 45 Gy or more. There was a statistically significant difference in the survivals between the responders and non-responders (p=0.008). Gastrointestinal bleeding or ulceration was observed in 8 patients, including 3 with NCI common toxicity criteria grade III or higher. CONCLUSION: Radiotherapy was an effective palliative modality for extrahepatic metastasis in HCCs. A radiation dose of 45 Gy or higher (or a TDF value 〉90), was required for a major response. (Cancer Res Treat. 2004;36:79-84)

Long-term Intraocular Pressure Elevation after Primary Angle Closure Treated with Early Phacoemulsification

Sung Uk Baek,Kwang Hyun Kim,Joo Yeon Lee,Kyung Wha Lee 대한안과학회 2018 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.32 No.2

Purpose: To assess long-term changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) and the development of glaucoma after early phacoemulsification in acute primary angle closure. Methods: Retrospective chart review of acute primary angle closure patients treated with phacoemulsification in attack eyes versus fellow eyes. Within a month after the angle closure attack, all subjects underwent cataract surgery and were divided into two groups: group A received cataract surgery on their attack eyes. Group B also received cataract surgery on their fellow eye after phacoemulsification of the attack eyes. Study outcomes were the prevalence of IOP rise (occurrence of IOP >21 mmHg) and the incidence of newly developed glaucoma. Results: Eighty-nine eyes were included, with 62 attack eyes in group A and 27 fellow eyes in group B. Group A (14 eyes, 22.58%) had a higher cumulative rate of IOP rise than group B (3 eyes, 11.11%) at 12 months (p = 0.001). Newly developed glaucoma was not observed in group B; however, 6 patients in group A developed glaucoma during the 12-month follow-up period (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The attack eyes treated with phacoemulsification showed a significantly higher prevalence of IOP rise and newly developed glaucoma than fellow eyes that received phacoemulsification. These findings suggest that there is a possibility of IOP rise and development of glaucoma even when angle closure and successful IOP control have apparently been achieved after phacoemulsification.

Investigation and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination around an Abandoned Metal Mine in Korea

Lee, Jong-Wha,Kwak, Soon-Sun,Hong, Sung-Chul,Park, Sang-Il,Jang, Bong-Ki Korean Society of Environmental Health 2010 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.36 No.6

Recently, heavy metals contamination of the agricultural soil and crops surrounding mining areas has been identified as one of the most serious environmental problems in South Korea. The Ministry of the Environment in Korea conducted a Preliminary National Environmental Health Survey (PNEHS) in abandoned metal mines in 2007. The priority for a subsequent detailed examination was ranked from the results of PNEHS. The studied mine which was ranked as being of the highest priority is located in the midwestern part of Korea and was operated from 1911 to 1985. In this study, the contamination levels of the heavy metals in the abandoned metal mine were investigated. From the results, the average daily dose (ADD), target hazard quotient (THQ) and target cancer risk of the heavy metals were evaluated. The concentration of arsenic (As) in all of the tailings from the mine was higher than its countermeasure standard of Korea. In particular, the highest concentration of As, 330 mg/kg, was up to 15 times higher than its countermeasure standard. The average concentration of As in agricultural soils was higher than the warning standard of Korea, and higher than its countermeasure standard at six sites. The average concentrations of the analyzed heavy metals in agricultural soil were below the warning standard, but concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) at 4 sites were higher than its warning standard. The average concentration of As in surface water exceeded the warning standard of Korea. The value of the THQ of As for the tailings was higher than the health protection standard 1. The value of THQ of As for the farmlands was lower than the standard, while the hazard index (HI) of As was higher than the standard. The value of target cancer risk (TCR) of As, $6.44{\times}10^{-4}$, were higher than the health protection standard of a lifetime risk for TCR at $1{\times}10^{-6}$. This suggests that the residents around the metal mines are exposed to As pollution with a carcinogenic risk.

Optical properties and surface morphologies of silica–gold nanoshells depending on buffer solutions and reducing agents

Sang-Wha Lee,Trang Thi Thuy Nguyen,Vo Van The,Sang-Eun Park 대한금속·재료학회 2021 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.17 No.5

Silica–gold nanoshells (SGNSs) were prepared at different concentrations of reducible gold salts (K+AuCl4−) with a toxicformaldehyde (FAH) reducing agent. FAH-induced SGNSs (F-SGNSs) showed not only a distinct red-shift of the plasmonresonance peak but also an increase in the thickness of the gold shell in proportion to the concentration of gold salts (0.38–1.90 mM). However, the excessive addition of reducible gold salts resulted in agglomeration of the SGNSs. The F-SGNSsshowed enhanced colloidal stability after the addition of buffer solutions containing different oxyanions in the followingorder: K2CO3> citrate > citrate + PBS > PBS. In addition, biocompatible ascorbic acid (ASA) was used to avoid the problemof toxic FAH agents for in vivo applications. The ASA-induced SGNSs showed a smoother surface morphology and morered-shift of the surface plasmon resonance band in comparison to F-SGNSs, probably because of the coalescence of smallgold clusters formed under the mild reducing power of ASA. The surface morphologies of the SGNSs and their opticalproperties were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, zeta-potential measurement,and UV–visible spectroscopy.

Development of eighteen X-chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) markersfor forensic application

Sang Hee Shin,Kyung Lyong Lee,Ki Wha Chunga(정기화) 한국법과학회 2004 한국법과학회 학술대회 Vol.2004 No.1

Effects of Fucoidan on Neuronal Cell Proliferation: Association with NO Production through the iNOS Pathway

Lee, Hye-Rim,Do, Hang,Lee, Sung-Ryul,Sohn, Eun-Soo,Pyo, Suhk-Neung,Son, Eun-Wha The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2007 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.12 No.2

Fucoidan, that is high-molecular-weight sulfated polysaccharides extracted from brown seaweeds has been shown to elicit various biological activities. Here, we investigated the effects of fucoidan on cell proliferation and nitric oxide (NO) production in neuronal blastoma cell (SH-SY5Y). In the present study, we demonstrated that fucoidan treatment resulted in increase of cell proliferation and NO production. When cells were treated with amyloid-${\beta}$ (A${\beta}$) in the absence or presence of fucoidan, fucoidan recovered the cell viability decreased by A${\beta}$ peptides. To further determine whether nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is involved in proliferative effect of fucoidan, cells were treated with NOS inhibitors in the absence or presence of fucoidan. Selective constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) inhibitor, diphenylene iodonium chloride (DPI), caused a decrease of cell viability, whereas cell viability was increased by specific inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor, S-methylisothiourea (SMT), in the fucoidan-untreated cells. Treatment with fucoidan inhibited the cell viability decreased in DPI-exposed cells. In contrast, fucoidan had no effect on cell growth in SMT-treated cells, indicating that cNOS may not play a role in the proliferation of fucoidan-treated cells. The present data suggest that fucoidan has proliferative and neuroprotective effects and these effects may be associated with iNOS.

The Effects of Stigma, Social Support, and Resilience on Treatment Adherence among Adult Tuberculosis Patients

Sang A Lee,Tae Wha Lee,Sang Hee Kim,Young Ae Kang 한국간호과학회 2015 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.10

Oxidative stability of extracts from red ginseng and puffed red ginseng in bulk oil or oil-in-water emulsion matrix

Lee, Sang-Jun,Oh, Sumi,Kim, Mi-Ja,Sim, Gun-Sub,Moon, Tae Wha,Lee, JaeHwan The Korean Society of Ginseng 2018 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.42 No.3

Background: Explosive puffing can induce changes in the chemical, nutritional, and sensory quality of red ginseng. The antioxidant properties of ethanolic extracts of red ginseng and puffed red ginseng were determined in bulk oil and oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. Methods: Bulk oils were heated at $60^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C$ and O/W emulsions were treated under riboflavin photosensitization. In vitro antioxidant assays, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhudrazyl, 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, ferric reducing antioxidant power, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content, were also performed. Results: The total ginsenoside contents of ethanolic extract from red ginseng and puffed red ginseng were 42.33 mg/g and 49.22 mg/g, respectively. All results from above in vitro antioxidant assays revealed that extracts of puffed red ginseng had significantly higher antioxidant capacities than those of red ginseng (p < 0.05). Generally, extracts of puffed red and red ginseng had high antioxidant properties in riboflavin photosensitized O/W emulsions. However, in bulk oil systems, extracts of puffed red and red ginseng inhibited or accelerated rates of lipid oxidation, depending on treatment temperature and the type of assay used. Conclusion: Although ethanolic extracts of puffed red ginseng showed stronger antioxidant capacities than those of red ginseng when in vitro assays were used, more pro-oxidant properties were observed in bulk oils and O/W emulsions.

Explanatory Power and Prognostic Implications of Factors Associated with Troponin Elevation in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Sung-Ho Ahn,Ji-Sung Lee,Mi-Sook Yun,Jung-Hee Han,Soo-Young Kim,Young-Hak Kim,Sang-Hyun Lee,Min-Gyu Park,Kyung-Pil Park,Dong-Wha Kang,Jong S. Kim,Sun U. Kwon 대한뇌졸중학회 2023 Journal of stroke Vol.25 No.1

Background and Purpose We investigated the impact of comorbidity burden on troponin elevation, with separate consideration of neurological conditions, in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods This prospective, observational cohort study consecutively enrolled patients with AIS for 2 years. Serum cardiac troponin I was repeatedly measured, and disease-related biomarkers were collected for diagnosis of preassigned comorbidities, including atrial fibrillation (AF), ischemic heart disease (IHD), myocardial hypertrophy (MH), heart failure (HF), renal insufficiency (RI), and active cancer. The severity of neurological deficits and insular cortical ischemic lesions were assessed as neurological conditions. Adjusted associations between these factors and troponin elevation were determined using a multivariate ordinal logistic regression model and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the prognostic significance of comorbidity beyond neurological conditions. Results Among 1,092 patients (66.5±12.4 years, 63.3% male), 145 (13.3%) and 335 (30.7%) had elevated (≥0.040 ng/mL) and minimally-elevated (0.040–0.010 ng/mL) troponin, respectively. In the adjusted analysis, AF, MH, HF, RI, active cancer, and neurological deficits were associated with troponin elevation. The multivariate model with six comorbidities and two neurological conditions exhibited an AUC of 0.729 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.698–0.759). In Cox regression, AF, IHD, and HF were associated with adverse cardio-cerebrovascular events, whereas HF and active cancer were associated with mortality. Conclusion Troponin elevation in patients with AIS can be explained by the burden of comorbidities in combination with neurological status, which explains the prognostic significance of troponin assay.