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Monitoring Method for an Ambient Gamma Exposure Rate and Its Measurement Analysis
Lee, Mo-Sung,Woo, Jong-Kwan The Korean Association for Radiation Protection 2006 방사선방어학회지 Vol.31 No.4
Daily and seasonal variations of the ambient gamma ray exposure rates were measured by using a pressurized ion chamber from January 2003 to December 2005 in the CheongJu Regional Radiation Monitoring Post and the patterns of the distributions were studied. The annual average of the daily variation of the exposure rate was $\sim0.17{\mu}R/h$. The exposure rate was found to be maximum during 8:00 am to 9:00 am and minimum during 8:00 pm to 10:00 pm. For the annual data, the exposure rate was the minimum during the month of February. The exposure rate increased from February to mid-October (except during the period from May to July with no change) and decreased from October to February. The seasonal variation was found to be about $1{\mu}R/h$. Most of the measured values (96%) of the exposure rates fell under the normal distribution with a deviation of less than 4.8% and the remaining 4% had large fluctuations caused mainly by the rainfalls.
Application of Perfluoropolymethylisopropyl Ether to Long Wearing Lipstick
( Sang-je Kim ),( Dong-uk Shin ),( Phan-gu Cho ),( Jae-gak Han ),( Jae-hyung Lim ),( Baek-sun Ahn ),( Chul-hee Jung ),( Gue-sam Lee ),( Won-sun Oh ),( Hyun-kwan Jung ),( Iio-yeun Kim ) 대한화장품학회 1997 대한화장품학회지 Vol.23 No.3
lt has been used chat fluorinated compounds could be applied to Make-up products. lt is that fluorinated compounds are hydropliobiciry, lipopliobiciry and lioinophobicitv. These fluorinated compounds are reported ro form a highly prorecrive and effective film againsr most aggressive chemical and physical agents. In this study we made a success to formulate the new type of lipstick using perfluoropolymerhylisopropylether (PPIH, MW- 650. commercial name - Fomblin HC/01 by Ausimont Co.) with low-molecular weight which is long wearing and comfortable (excellent) to use. This PPIE was adsorbed more than 90% in this experinient and formed the well-balanced gei nerworks even if the selected PP1E is 100% volutile ar room remperarure. On the basis of the adsorprion of FPIE, we developed rlie new type lipstick, whicli was highly-lip feeling and had long wearing and non coloration. And these cliaracreristics were verified by acrual consumer test.
Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis May Not Be Required Routinely in Thyroid Surgery
Kwan Bum Lee,Soo Young Kim,Seok Mo Kim,Ho Jin Chang,Bup Woo Kim,Yong Sang Lee,Hang Seok Chang,Cheong Soo Park,Chi Young Lim 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2017 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.17 No.4
Purpose: Although perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis is used to prevent surgical site infection (SSI), thyroid surgery is classified as a clean surgical procedure and routine use of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis is not recommend. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic benefits of using perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in thyroid surgery. Methods: We evaluated medical records of 1,895 patients who underwent thyroid surgery between January 2013 and December 2013. We divided 2 groups with or without perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. Clinical factors including sex, age, body mass index (BMI), and comorbidity and surgical factors for SSI were analyzed. Results: The male to female ratio was 1:3.3, the average age was 43 (14-82) years old. The numbers of groups without and with antibiotic prophylaxis were 593 and 1,303. Thirty-seven cases (2.0%) of postoperative complications were observed including chyle leakage, SSI, and nerve injury. The SSI was occurred in 10 patients (0.5%). Clinical factors with SSI were analyzed and there was no statistical significance between 2 groups. Conclusion: In thyroid surgery, perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis may not be required routinely once the surgical procedure underwent with aseptic condition and the patients care was performed appropriately.
Sung Eun Choi,Choong Hwan Cha,Heung Bum Oh,Yong Seok Heo,Hong Yup Ahn,Kwan Jeh Lee,전경란 대한의학회 2007 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.22 No.6
The aims of this study were to summarize results on the association of HLA-DRB1 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Asians and to determine if the shared epitope (SE) hypothesis could explain the meta-analysis results. Among the papers published between January 1987 and July 2006 on RA susceptibility in Asian-Mongoloid populations (Korean, Japanese, Chinese, and Thai), 12 were selected for the metaanalysis. Mongoloid-Asian patients with RA had significantly higher frequencies of HLA-DRB1*0101, *0401, *0410, and *1001 than controls (OR 1.5-2.1, p<0.05 for association). When analyses were restricted to more ethnically homogeneous populations, HLA-DRB1*0405 showed a significant susceptibility to RA in Koreans (OR 5.65, 95% CI 4.32-7.39), whereas the HLA-DRB1*0301, *0403, *0406, *0701, *1301, and *1405 alleles showed protective association with RA (OR 0.32-0.70, p<0.05 for association). In conclusion, it was found that HLA-DRB1 *0101, *0401, *0405, *0410, and *1001 are susceptible, while HLA-DRB1* 0301, *0403, *0406, *0701, *1301, and *1405 are protective in Asian-Mongoloids. All the RA-associated alleles except DRB1*0301 could be explained by the structural model supporting the SE hypothesis that RA susceptibility is determined by the combination of amino acid residues at HLA-DR 71 and 74, not by 71 alone.
Lee, Jung Hyun,Lee, Ho Seok,Park, Mi Ran,Lee, Sang Woon,Kim, Eun Hye,Cho, Joong Bum,Kim, Jihyun,Han, Youngshin,Jung, Kweon,Cheong, Hae Kwan,Lee, Sang Il,Ahn, Kangmo The Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical 2014 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.6 No.6
<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between indoor air pollutant levels and residential environment in children with atopic dermatitis (AD) living in Seoul.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>A total of 150 children with AD were included. Residential environment was assessed by questionnaires which were completed by their parents. To evaluate the level of exposure to the indoor air pollutants, concentrations of the indoor air pollutants including particulate matter with diameter less than 10 µm (PM<SUB>10</SUB>), formaldehyde, carbon dioxide (CO<SUB>2</SUB>), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO<SUB>2</SUB>), Total Volatile Organic Compound (TVOC), benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, xylene, styrene, bacterial aerosols, and airborne fungi were measured.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>A significant difference was exhibited in the levels of PM<SUB>10</SUB> in case of visible fungus on the walls (<I>P</I>=0.047). There was relationship between the construction year of the house, moving to a newly constructed building within 1 year and formaldehyde level. With the use of artificial air freshener, the differences were found in the concentrations of TVOC (<I>P</I>=0.003), benzene (<I>P</I>=0.015), toluene (<I>P</I>=0.012) and ethyl-benzene (<I>P</I>=0.027). The concentration of xylene was significantly high when oil was used as heating fuel (<I>P</I>=0.015). Styrene exhibited differences depending on building type and its concentrations were significantly high in a residential and commercial complex building (<I>P</I>=0.005). The indoor concentration of bacterial aerosols was significantly low with the use of air cleaner (<I>P</I>=0.045). High NO<SUB>2</SUB>, benzene concentrations were present in case of almost no ventilation (<I>P</I>=0.028 and <I>P</I>=0.028, respectively).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Individual residential environments are closely related with the levels of the indoor air pollutants. To alleviate AD symptoms, simple questions about residential environments such as visible fungus on the walls and the use of artificial air freshener are helpful to assess the possibility of increased indoor air pollutant levels when direct measurement is not available.</P>