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Ahn, Hee Kyung,Ahn, Hong Yup,Park, So Jung,Hwang, In Cheol Korean Society for Hospice and Palliative Care 2021 한국호스피스.완화의료학회지 Vol.24 No.4
Continuous deep sedation (CDS) is an extreme form of palliative sedation to relieve refractory symptoms at the end of life. In this study, we shared our experiences with CDS and examined the clinical characteristics associated with survival in patients with terminal cancer who received CDS. We conducted a chart audit of 106 consecutive patients with terminal cancer who received CDS at a single hospice care unit between January 2014 and December 2016. Survival was defined as the first day of admission to the date of death. The associations between clinical characteristics and survival were presented as hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals using a Cox proportional hazard model. The mean age of participants was 65.2 years, and 33.0% (n=35) were women. Diazepam was the most commonly administered drug, and haloperidol or lorazepam were also used if needed. One sedative was enough for a majority of the patients. Stepwise multivariate analysis identified poor functioning, a high Palliative Prognostic Index score, hyperbilirubinemia, high serum ferritin levels, and a low number of sedatives as independent poor prognostic factors. Our experiences and findings are expected to be helpful for shared decision-making and further research on palliative sedation.
Ahn, Jun-Young,Kim, Cheolyong,Kim, Hong-Seok,Hwang, Kyung-Yup,Hwang, Inseong Elsevier 2016 Water research Vol.107 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of a nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI)-based treatment process for an aquifer contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) in which TCE in dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) form was also present. The study further investigated the effects of site oxidants on the reactivity and lifetime of NZVI. The injection of 30 kg of NZVI into the site successfully removed 95.7% of TCE in the groundwater within the first 60 days without producing chlorinated intermediates. The chloride balance analysis estimated that 2214 g of TCE was removed and confirmed the presence of DNAPL TCE. The oxidation of NZVI particles by nitrate, dissolved oxygen (DO), and TCE consumed 29.5%, 13.5%, and 14.3% of the Fe(0) initially present, respectively, over 60 days. Thus, nitrate was identified as the priority among groundwater oxidants. The reactive lifetime of NZVI at the site was found to be at least 103 days, based on the monitoring of TCE, DO, and nitrate concentrations, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), and the residual Fe(0) content of the NZVI particles. Solid samples that were retrieved from the site on the 165th day still contained substantial amounts of Fe(0), occupying up to 21.9% of the total mass, and retained considerable reactivities towards TCE. This indicates that the NZVI particles aged more than 5 months at the site can potentially be reused for TCE reduction even after extensive corrosion of Fe(0) has occurred.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A DNAPL-polluted aquifer was successfully remediated <I>in situ</I> with an NZVI. </LI> <LI> Oxidants such as DO and nitrate greatly affected the TCE reduction in the field. </LI> <LI> Nitrate showed the highest reactivity towards NZVI among the oxidants. </LI> <LI> The reactive lifetime of NZVI at the site was found to be at least 103 days. </LI> <LI> NZVI particles aged for 165 days at the site still retained reactivity towards TCE. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
안홍엽,Ahn, Hong-Yup 한국호스피스완화의료학회 2010 한국호스피스.완화의료학회지 Vol.13 No.1
The purpose of clinical trials is to find evidences for the effects of experimental new drugs or treatments on human. For the successful clinical trials, it is not sufficient to use statistics only for the analyses of collected data, but it is necessary to extend the usage of statistics in various ways. At the beginning of the study, one needs to use statistics for systematically and concretly planning the study. For this, we discussed the usage of statistics in defining the effect, determining the sample size, statistical analyses, and so on. 임상시험은 인간을 대상으로 약물 또는 치료법의 효과를 검증하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 성공적인 임상시험을 위해서는 단순한 자료분석에만 통계의 이용을 제한하지 않고 다양한 영역으로 활용의 폭을 넓히는 것이 필요하다. 연구계획단계에서부터 구체적이고 체계적으로 통계의 활용을 고려하기 위해 효과에 대한 정의, 적정한 표본크기 산정, 통계분석 방법 등 전반적인 통계의 응용을 고찰한다.
황유철,Hong Yup Ahn,정인경,Kyu Jeung Ahn,Ho Yeon Chung 대한의학회 2012 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.27 No.12
The aims of this study were to investigate the validity of Friedewald’s formula and to propose a range of triglyceride values over which the formula can be used without significant error. This was a cross-sectional analysis of 1,929 subjects (946 males and 983females) aged 20 yr and older using data of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2009. Estimated total number was considered to be 10,633,655(5,846,384 males and 4,787,271 females). Calculated and directly-measured low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) values were highly correlated (r = 0.96); however,significant differences were observed between the directly-measured and calculated LDL-C concentrations. Subjects in the underestimated group (10.5%) had higher dysmetabolic profiles than those in the overestimated group (11.4%). Although serum triglyceride level showed the greatest independent association with differences between the calculated and directly-measured LDL-C concentrations, no statistically significant differences were noted when triglyceride concentration was between 36 and 298 mg/dL (93.2%). In conclusion,Friedewald’s formula accurately estimates directly-measured serum LDL-C concentration in Korean adults. However, the formula can be applied to subjects with serum triglyceride concentrations from 36 to 298 mg/dL without significant error.
The effect of alpha lipoic acid in a porcine in-stent restenosis model
Lim, Sang Yup,Bae, Eun Hui,Jeong, Myung Ho,Kim, Ju Han,Hong, Young Joon,Sim, Doo Sun,Kim, Yong Sook,Park, In Kyu,Ahn, Youngkeun,Song, Sun-Jung,Cho, Dong Lyun,Kim, Kyoung Seok,Kang, Jung Chaee Elsevier 2009 Journal of cardiology Vol.54 No.3
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P><B>Background</B></P><P>The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of alpha lipoic acid (α-LA) on a porcine in-stent restenosis (ISR) model.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>In protocol 1, porcine vascular smooth muscle cells (PVSMC) were stimulated by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the presence or absence of α-LA. MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl] 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay and western blotting were used to determine the cell growth inhibitory rate and anti-inflammatory effect associated with nuclear factor-κb (NF-κb) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). In protocol 2, 28 days after balloon overdilation injuries, 24 bare metal stents were placed in coronary artery of 12 pigs. The pigs were randomly divided to receive control diet with or without α-LA (100mg/kg). In protocol 3, 8 control stents and 8 α-LA coated stents were randomly implanted in 2 coronary arteries of 8 pigs and follow-up coronary angiogram and histopathologic assessment were performed 4 weeks after stenting.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Protocol 1. The proliferation of PVSMC was inhibited and protein expression of NF-κb and ERK were attenuated by α-LA pretreatment. Protocol 2<I>.</I> On histopathologic analysis, the neointimal area (4.0±1.0mm<SUP>2</SUP> vs. 1.5±0.7mm<SUP>2</SUP>, <I>p</I><0.001) and histopathologic area of stenosis (66.7±10.7% vs. 24.2±9.7%, <I>p</I><0.001) were reduced in the α-LA feeding group compared to controls. Protocol 3. On histopathologic analysis, the neointimal area (3.9±0.8mm<SUP>2</SUP> vs. 1.0±0.4mm<SUP>2</SUP>, <I>p</I><0.001), and the histopathologic area of stenosis (67.1±8.8% vs. 17.4±10.0%, <I>p</I><0.001) were reduced in the α-LA coated stent group compared to the control stent group.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>α-LA feeding and α-LA coated stents inhibit neointimal hyperplasia in porcine ISR, possibly through inhibiting the activation of NF-κb pathway and proliferation of PVSMC.</P>