Discordance in Spirometric Interpretations Based on Korean and Non-Korean Reference Equations

Nami Kim,Mi-Hee Park,Se-yeong Kim,Chunhui Suh,Sangyoon Lee,Kun-Hyung Kim,Chae-Kwan Lee,Dae-Hwan Kim,Jong-Tae Lee 대한직업환경의학회 2013 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.25 No.-

Objectives: Korean regression models for spirometric reference values are different from those of other ethnic groups. The purpose of this study was to evaluate discordance in spirometric interpretations based on using Korean reference equations versus non-Korean reference equations. Methods: Spirometry was performed on 825 Korean male workers from April 2009 to November 2011. The spirometric patterns and disease severity were evaluated using two Korean equations (Choi’s and Lee’s) and three equations for Caucasians (NHANES III, Morris’s, and Knudson’s), and the results of Choi’s equation were compared with the non-Korean equations. The spirometric patterns were defined as normal, restrictive, and mild and moderate obstructive. Results: The mean differences in the FEV1% and FVC% between the two Korean equations were 2.0 ± 1.3% and 3.5 ± 2.2%, respectively. Morris’s equation had the greatest difference in the FEV1% from Choi’s equation: 32.9 ± 8.5%. Knudson’s equation had the greatest difference in the FVC% from Choi’s equation: 10.5 ± 6.5%. Conclusions: The two Korean equations shared similar characteristics of spirometric interpretation. The spirometric interpretations of Choi’s equation were significantly different from those of Morris’s equation and Knudson’s equation.

소규모 제조업에서 재해발생과 사업장 특성간의 관련성 분석

이건세,김형수,,장성훈,정최경희,오원기,최재욱,이관형,오지영 大韓産業醫學會 2006 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.18 No.2

목적: 소규모 제조업 사업장의 재해 발생 유무에 따른 사업장 조직 특성을 비교하여 재해 발생과 관련된 요인을 사업장 수준에서 파악하고자 하였다. 방법: 한국산업안전공단이 실시한 2004년도 산업안전 보건 동향조사 자료 중 5인 이상 50인 미만 제조업 1,886개 사업장(가중치를 부여하여 추정한 모집단 사업장은 65,921개)의 재해(산재 및 공상, 경상 포함) 발생 여부와 사업장의 조직 특성(일반적 특성, 고용특성 및 산업안전보건 특성)간 다변량 분석을, 사업장의 일반적 특성은 지역, 산업형태, 업종 등이며, 고용특성은 전체 근로자중에서 생산직 근로자의 분포, 여성근로자의 분포, 1주일 평균 근로시간, 교대근무 등이며, 산업안전보건 특성은 안전관리자/보건관리자의 선임형태, 산업안전보건위원회, 노동조합, 매월 정기안전보건교육시간, 안전보건관리 규정, 안전보건활동 점수, 안전문화 점수 등이다. 결과: 다변량 분석결과 재해가 발생한 사업장이 갖는 특성은 다음과 같았다. 첫째, 사업장의 일반적 특성에서 지역별로는 경인권에 비해 전라권, 산업형태 면에서 원청에 비해 사외협력업체, 업종별로는 전자부품/통신에 비해 코크스/석유정제업, 목재/나무제품업, 음식료품, 조립 금속제품에서 위험도가 높았다. 둘째, 사업장의 고용 특성에서는 전체 구성원 중에서 생산직 근로자가 증가할수록 재해발생 사업장이 유의하게 증가하였으며, 여성근로자의 증가할수록 재해발생 사업장이 유의하게 감소하였다. 주당 근무시간이 증가할수록 재해 발생 사업장이 유의하게 증가하였으며, 교대 근무와 사업장의 재해발생과는 유의한 관련성이 없었다. 셋째, 사업장의 산업안전보건 특성에서는 안전관리자가 전임으로 근무할수록, 산안전보건위원회가 활발히 활동할수록, 노동조합이 설립될수록, 안전보건규정이 갖추어지지 않을수록, 정기보건교육시간이 많을수록, 안전문화수준이 낮을수록 재해발생 사업장이 유의하게 증가하였다. 결론: 소규모제조업에서 사업장의 조직 특성에 따라 사업장 재해율이 다름을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이는 산업재해의 예방을 위해서는 근로자 요인이외에도 사업장 수준에서의 관련요인에 대한 접근이 필요함을 의미한다. Objective: This study evaluated the relationship between injury occurrence and workplace organization in small-sized, manufacturing factories in Korea. Methods: Using data from the 2004 Occupational Safety and Health Survey in Korea, this study compared workplace organizational factors (general characteristics, employee characteristics and health and safety characteristics) with injury occurrence of 1,866 small-sized, manufacturing factories (65,921 population factories after weighting). General characteristics of factories comprised location, type and classification of industry. Employee characteristics comprised proportion of manual workers and female workers, average working hours per week and shiftwork. Health and safety characteristics comprised type of safety and health manager, committee for occupational safety and health, labor union, health and safety regulation, monthly health and safety training time, score of health and safety activity and score of safety culture. Results: The following characteristics of injury-occurrence in small-sized, manufacturing factories were determined by multivariate analysis. In terms of general characteristics, the risk of injury-occurrence was higher in Jeolla area than Gyeongin area in outside associate than other enterprises and in coke, refined petroleum products and nuclear fuel, wood and products of wood, food products and beverages and fabricated metal products, except machinery and furniture industries than television and communication equipment and apparatus industries. In terms of employee characteristics, injury-occurrence significantly increased in factories with greater proportion of manual worker and with a higher rate of working hours per week. But significantly decreased in factories with a higher proportion of female workers. In terms of health and safety characteristics, injury-occurrence significantly increased in factories with a self-appointed safety manager, with unorganized union, with a more active committee for occupational safety and health, with unimplemented health and safety regulation, with longer monthly safety and health training time, and with a lower score of safety culture. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that several factors of workplace organization were significantly related with injury-occurrence in factories. These findings are supposed to raise the need for making effort in workplace organization to improve injury prevention.

2001학년도 서울교대 신입생 실태조사

이관형,안현미 서울敎育大學校 學生生活硏究所 2001 學生生活硏究 Vol.27 No.-

본 연구는 2001학년도 서울교육대학교 신입생들의 실태를 파악하기 위하여 전체 신입생 가운데 439명의 응답을 토대로 하여 분석하였 다. 설문지는 인적사항과 , 가정배경, 대학 진학 동기 및 태도, 심리적 특성, 정보화 실태 등의 다섯가지 영역을 포함하는 총 36 문항 으로 구성되어 있다. 자료분석은 설문지 각 문항 및 척도에 대하여 남녀별, 학과별 교차분석, 응답내용에 대한 빈도 및 백분율을 제시 하고 그 결과를 기술하였다. 마지막으로 각 하위 영역별 실태에 따른 주요 특징들을 요약하였다. We implemented the survey for the actual conditions of the new students in the year of 2001. Among total freshmen in Seoul National University of Education 439 students replied to the questionnaire for the actual conditions of sociodemographic variables, variables about psychological trait and variables about home background, variables about expected school life, variables about psychological trait and variables about information oriented conditions. For each items and scales, we presented frequency and percentage by sex and department, and described its meanings. Finally, we summarized results of this survey by five survey areas.

야영(野營)교과 교육과정 연구 Ⅰ

이관형 서울교육대학교 초등교육연구소 1999 한국초등교육 Vol.10 No.1

A Study on the Curriculum of Camp ( I ) Leer Kwan-hyung This study Is about the curriculum of camp that the students have to purchase in their second steps in camp curriculum The first chapter is about the basic thoughts, the second is about the histories of camp, the third is of the meanings and objects of camp, and the fourth is about the educational meanings of camp

2000학년도 서울교대 신입생 실태조사

이관형,안현미 서울교육대학교 학생생활연구소 2000 學生生活硏究 Vol.26 No.-

2000학년도 서울교육대학교 신입생들의 실태를 조사한 결과, 전체 신입생 525명 가운데 418명의 응답을 토대로 하여 분석하였다. 설문지는 인적 사항, 가정배경, 대학 진학 동기 및 태도, 심리적 특성, 정보화 실태 등의 5영역을 포함하는 충 36문항으로 구성되어 있다. 자료분석은 설문지 각 문항 및 척도에 대하여 남녀별, 학과별 교차분석, 응답내용에 대한 빈도 및 백분율 제시하고 그 결과를 기술하였다. 마지막으로 각 하위 영역별 실태에 따른 주요 특징들을 요약하였다. A Report on the Survery Data for the Actual Conditions of the New Students in the Year of 2000 Kwan-Hyung Lee and Hyun-Mi An We implemented the survey for the actual conditions of the new students in the year of 2000. Among total 525 freshmen in Seoul National University of Education, 418 students replied to the questionnaire for the actual conditions of the new students. Total 36 survey items in 5 survey areas including sociodemographic variables, variables about home background, variables about expected school life, variables about psycologial trait, and variables about information oriented conditions. For each items and scales, we presented frequency and percentage by sex and department and described its meanings. Finally, we summarized results of this survey by 5 survey areas.

치은 섬유아세포 배양시 합성되는 단백질에 관한 연구

이관훈,정진형 단국대학교 치의학연구소 1991 논문집 Vol.3 No.-

This experiment was performed to study the effects of fibroblast growth factor(FGF) and fetal bovine serum(FBS) on the protein synthesis and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts. Gingival tissues obtained from healthy human were diced into 1 ㎣ and cultured in α-MEM containing 50% FBS for 7~10 days. After treatment with trypsin-DETA, the collected gingival fibroblasts were cultured in α-MEM with 10% FBS until confluency was reached. After 24 hour incubation in serum-free media, control groups were cultured in fresh serum-free media, while experimental groups were cultured in serum-free media containing various concentrations of FGF, 2% FBS or both. Cell proliferation was determined by [^3H]-thymidine incorporation rate into DNA, and proteins produced by cultured gingival fibroblasts were deter mined by SDS-PAGE of conditioned media and cell lysate. The obtained results were as follows. 1. In case of incubation of the cultured gingival fibroblast in the serum-free media containing FGF(10ng/ml), it was shown the tendency of cell proliferation as comparison with the control group, but statistically not significant(table 1). 2. In the event of incubation of the cultured gingival fibroblast in the serum free media containing FGF(30ng/ml) and FGF(30ng/ml) plus Fetal bovine serum. The 1st case was statistically not significant, the 2nd case was significantly higher than the control group(table 2). 3. In case that the cultured gingival fibroblast was cultivated in the serum free media containing FGF 50 ng/ml, the cell growth rate was three times as much as the control group. A case of the combined incorporation of FGF 50 ng/ml and 2% FBS, the cell proliferatiion effect was significantly higher than the control group(table 3). 4. The total protein amount about the effects of serum free media containing FGF(50 ng/ml) and FBS was slightly increased but statistically not significant(table 4). 5. After the conditioned media and cell extracts was carried out electrophores, several protein bands were identified by silver stain. The molecular weight of procollagen and fibronectin was showed positive band for the serum free media containing FGF 50 ng/ml(Fig. 2).

초등학생의 고무줄놀이 안무활동 지도를 위한 영상 교재 구축

이관형,김명철,권선자 서울敎育大學校 初等敎育硏究所 2002 한국초등교육 Vol.13 No.2

The purpose of this study is to build elastic string play activities systematically and to provide learning-steps as follows : basic-motions, developed-motions, applied- motions and choreographic-motions. And as teaching materials, we make VCD including learning-step simulation by command and music, and CD including music. 1. We make basic-motions as we analyze a form and constituent of elastic string play. Basic-motions are as follows : Stabbing, Spinning, Hopping, Kicking, Winding, Stamping 2. As we infer from changing the direction and the movement of basic-motions, we construct developed-motions. 3. As we connect two different basic-motions and pairs them, we develop applied-motions. 4. We make our students practice above motions according to above sequence by command and afterward practice by music. 5. After students learn above motions, we let our students connect above motions with such motions as clapping, changing spot, aerobic motion and folk dance motion. 6. We make our students create and practice choreographic-motions smoothly by group studying, practicing by command, doing trial and error and completing by music.

鍛鍊度에 따른 準備運動의 强度와 量과 持續時間에 관한 硏究

李寬炯 서울敎育大學校 1986 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

인간 재조합 인터루긴-32 면역조절작용에 대한 유세포 분석

이광수,김영관,채정일,심정현,김은미,강형식,김수현,윤도영,명평근 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 2006 생물공학연구지 Vol.12 No.-

Xenotransplantation of porcine organs has the potential to overcome the severe shortage of human tissues and organ available for human transplantation. however, it remains various hurdles for clinical xenotransplantation. In pig and mouse xenotransplantation, porcine xenograft evoke a strong cellular rejection response in immunocompetent host and grafts are destroyed within a week. This cellular immune response could involved both T cells and NK cells. A number of groups have shown that human NK cells can recognize and damage porcine endothelial cells. In addition, human T cells can respond to porcine endothelial cells through both direct and indirect mechanisms. Cellular rejection of porcine tissues requires T cells, particularly CD4^(+) cells. A new cytokine recombinant human interleukin-32α,β(IL-32α,β) has a role innate and acquired immune system. In order to investigate the role of recombinant mouse IL-18 and recombinant human IL-32α,β in xenograft rejection, we transplanted the PK(15) cells to C57BL/6 mice with or without intraperitoneal injection of recombinant mouse IL-18 or recombinant human IL-32 α,β. It was analyzed the population of NK cell, T cell and B cell in the C57BL/6 mice transplanted with PK(15) cells and recombinant mouse IL-18 or recombinant human IL-32α,β by flow cytometry analysis. As a result, lymph node and thymus of PK15/IL18, PK15/IL32α and PK15/IL32β injected group were increased to T cell activation population than normal injected groups. CD8^(+) T cells were decreased in lymph node of PK15/IL18, PK15/IL32α and PK15/IL32β injected groups. CD4^(+) T cells were increased in lymph node cell of PK15/IL32α and PK15/IL32β injected group and also, B cell population were increased in lymph node cell and spleen of PK15/IL18, PK15/IL32α and PK15/IL32β injected group. Therefore, we suggest that recombinant mouse IL-18 and recombinant human IL-32α,β suppress xenograft rejection in cellular xenotransplantation.

데페록사민 전처치가 토끼 심근경색 크기의 감소에 미치는 효과

양관모,오동렬,박승현,박규남,이원재,김형국,황두영,최승필,채장성 대한응급의학회 1998 대한응급의학회지 Vol.9 No.4

Background: Reperfusion of ischemic myocardium has been postulated to result in a specific oxygen radical mediated tissue injury. Iron may liberate during ischemia and we hypothesized that administration of the iron chelator, deferoxamine during ischemia would result in improved recovery after postischemic reperfusion. Purpose: To test whether iron-catalyzed processes contribute to myocardial necrosis during ischemia and reperfusion, deferoxamine was administered to block iron catalyzed hydroxyl radical formation in rabbits. Methods: Eleven rabbits were divided into two groups : control group (n=5) and deferoxamine pretreatment group (n=6). The left circumflex coronay artery was ligated for 30 minutes and reperfused for 180 minutes. Area at risk (AR) was measured by non-stained area with methylene blue injection into left atrium after left circumflex coronary artery ligation. Infarct size was measured by weighing after triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Heart rate was measured using electrocardiographic recording and systemic blood pressure was monitored by pressure transducer connected to the catheter in the left ventricle. Results: 1. There was no significant difference of heart rate and blood pressure in deferoxamine pretreatment group compared with control group. 2. There was significant decrease of serum iron concentration after continuous infusion of deferoxamine compared with serum iron concentration before ligation of coronary artery(P<0.05). 3. There was no significant difference of area at risk between control and deferoxamine pretreatment group. 4. Area at necrosis to area at risk was significantly reduced in deferoxamine pretreatment group compared with control group(P<0.05). The results suggest that deferoxamine infusion prior to coronary artery occlusion has a significant benefit in reducing infarct size in this model.