Transcriptional Activation of the Aldehyde Reductase YqhD by YqhC and Its Implication in Glyoxal Metabolism of Escherichia coli K-12

Lee, Changhan,Kim, Insook,Lee, Junghoon,Lee, Kang-Lok,Min, Bumchan,Park, Chankyu American Society for Microbiology 2010 Journal of Bacteriology Vol.192 No.16

<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>The reactive α-oxoaldehydes such as glyoxal (GO) and methylglyoxal (MG) are generated <I>in vivo</I> from sugars through oxidative stress. GO and MG are believed to be removed from cells by glutathione-dependent glyoxalases and other aldehyde reductases. We isolated a number of GO-resistant (GO<SUP>r</SUP>) mutants from <I>Escherichia coli</I> strain MG1655 on LB plates containing 10 mM GO. By tagging the mutations with the transposon Tn<I>phoA</I>-132 and determining their cotransductional linkages, we were able to identify a locus to which most of the GO<SUP>r</SUP> mutations were mapped. DNA sequencing of the locus revealed that it contains the <I>yqhC</I> gene, which is predicted to encode an AraC-type transcriptional regulator of unknown function. The GO<SUP>r</SUP> mutations we identified result in missense changes in <I>yqhC</I> and were concentrated in the predicted regulatory domain of the protein, thereby constitutively activating the product of the adjacent gene <I>yqhD</I>. The transcriptional activation of <I>yqhD</I> by wild-type YqhC and its mutant forms was established by an assay with a β-galactosidase reporter fusion, as well as with real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. We demonstrated that YqhC binds to the promoter region of <I>yqhD</I> and that this binding is abolished by a mutation in the potential target site, which is similar to the consensus sequence of its homolog SoxS. YqhD facilitates the removal of GO through its NADPH-dependent enzymatic reduction activity by converting it to ethadiol via glycolaldehyde, as detected by nuclear magnetic resonance, as well as by spectroscopic measurements. Therefore, we propose that YqhC is a transcriptional activator of YqhD, which acts as an aldehyde reductase with specificity for certain aldehydes, including GO.</P>

Poster Session : PS 1220 ; Cardiology : Orthostatic Hypotension after Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) for Bile Duct Stone

( Kang Lok Lee ),( Jin Ho Shin ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Primary autonomic dysfunction is most common cause of orthostatic hypotension. Here is a case of secondary autonomic dysfunction caused by ESWL for bile duct stone. A 53-year-old male patient visited outpatient department (OPD) for syncope. He had experienced syncope four-times from 2 years ago. At latest, when he woke up for voiding, the event was evoked. Duration of syncope was about 30 seconds. There were no aura, no tongue bite, no salivation and no convulsion. Black out was accompanied. In his medical record, ESWL was conducted for bile duct stone 12-years ago. After ESWL, He had been suffering general weakness, dizziness and pre-syncope. He had been suffering easy tendency of swelling of his left side. When At admission, body temperature was 36.2 ℃, pulse rate (PR) was 72/min, respiratory rate (RR) was 20/ min and blood pressure (BP) was 100/60mmHg. There was no specific sign in neurologic exam. Positive finding was checked at 3-positional BP test; 120/80mmHg (supine), 90/60mmHg (sitting) Not checkable (standing). In head up tilt test, he complained dizziness, headache at 4 minute passed. At that time, his BP was 65/44mmHg and his PR was 92/min. There was no significant findings in 24-hour holter test, 24-hour BP monitoring, echocardiography, EEG test, nerve conduction velocity test and brain magnetic resonance. By his previous history and functional and imaging test, ESWL was regard as cause of orthostatic hypotension. During ESWL, abdominal sympathetic ganglia were damaged, so orthostatic hypotension was evoked. He had been treated by midodrine and fiudrocortisones. 6 month later, his BP was 129/80mmHg and his symptom was relived. Syncope had been never occurred from medication being started. ESWL might result in orthostatic hypotension by injury for sympathetic ganglia.e

Characterization of components of a reducing system for SoxR in the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli

Lee Kang-Lok,Lee Kyung-Chang,Lee Joon-Hee,Roe Jung-Hye 한국미생물학회 2022 The journal of microbiology Vol.60 No.4

A reducing system of SoxR, a regulator of redox-active molecules, was identified as rsxABCDGE gene products and RseC in Escherichia coli through genetic studies. We found that ApbE was an additional component of the reducer system. Bacterial two hybrid analysis revealed that these proteins indeed had multiple interactions among themselves. RseC and RsxB formed the core of the complex, interacting with more than five other components. RsxC, the only cytoplasmic component of the system, interacted with SoxR. It might be linked with the rest of the complex via RsxB. Membrane fractions containing the wild type complex but not the mutant complex reduced purified SoxR using NADH as an electron source. These results suggest that Rsx genes, RseC, and ApbE can form a complex using NAD(P)H to reduce SoxR.

Isolation and Characterization of a Nitric Oxide-induced Gene in Sweetpotato

Il Hwan Lee(이일환),Donghwan Shim(심동환),Kang Lok Lee(이강록),Ki Jung Nam(남기정),Shin-Woo Lee(이신우),Yun-Hee Kim(김윤희) 한국생명과학회 2019 생명과학회지 Vol.29 No.6

본 연구에서는 산화질소 유도성(nitric oxide-induced, NOI) 유전자를 건조 처리된 고구마 실뿌리의 EST 라이브러리에서 분리하였다. 분리된 IbNOI 유전자의 cDNA는 712 bp의 길이이며, 77개의 아미노산으로 구성되어 있었다. Blast 데이터베이스를 분석한 결과, 식물에서 보고된 NOI 단백질에 속하는 것으로 확인되었다. RT-PCR과 realtime-PCR을 통해 IbNOI 유전자의 발현수준을 고구마 식물체의 조직별로 조사한 결과, 저장뿌리와 현탁배양세포에서 높은 발현 수준을 보였다. 잎에서 산화질소를 유도하는 SNP와 화합물 스트레스들을 처리시, IbNOI의 발현이 증가함을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 고염, 건조와 같은 비생물학적 스트레스 및 병원균 감염에 의해서도 IbNOI의 발현이 유도됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과들을 통해 IbNOI 유전자는 다양한 비생물학적 스트레스 및 병원균 감염 동안 산화질소와 연관된 조절기작을 통해 식물의 방어기능에 관여할 것으로 생각되는 바이다. A new nitric oxide-induced (NOI) gene was isolated by screening ESTs from a cDNA library of dehydration-treated fibrous roots of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas). The 720 bp cDNA fragment, IbNOI, was sequenced, from which a 77 amino acid residue protein was deduced. A search of the protein BLAST database identified significant similarity to other plant NOI protein sequences. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed diverse expression patterns of IbNOI in various tissues of the intact sweetpotato plant, and in leaves exposed to different stresses. The IbNOI gene was highly expressed in storage roots and suspension-cultured cells. In leaf tissues, IbNOI showed strong expression during sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced NO accumulation and chemical stress treatments. Expression of IbNOI was also induced under various abiotic stress conditions, such as dehydration, salt, and bacterial pathogen infection. These results suggest that IbNOI is involved in plant responses to diverse abiotic stresses and pathogen infection through a NO-related pathway.

A Comparison of the Combined Effect of IFN-α 2b and Steroid Injections with Steroid Alone on Keloid

( Hyun Kyung Lee ),( Kyung Lok Kim ),( Hee Kang ),( Hong Sun Lee ),( Seong Eon Kim ),( Keon Park ),( Sook Ja Son ),( Ai Young Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2005 초록집 Vol.43 No.20

미분류형 관절염을 동반한 피부비후뼈막증 1예

이정훈 ( Jung Hoon Lee ),홍승표 ( Seung Pyo Hong ),고준권 ( Jun Kwon Ko ),이은영 ( Eun Young Lee ),이강록 ( Kang Lok Lee ),정승준 ( Sung Jun Chung ),구건우 ( Gun Woo Koo ),방소영 ( So Young Bang ),이혜순 ( Hye Soon Lee ) 대한류마티스학회 2015 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.22 No.4

피부비후뼈막증은 곤봉형 수지, 피부비후, 뼈막증을 특징으로 하는 일차성 비대성 뼈관절병증으로서 드문 유전질환이다. 미분류형 관절염으로 치료받고 있던 환자에서 발생한 양측 곤봉형 수지, 이마와 두피의 피부비후, 손과 발의 다한증 및 X선 검사에서 관찰되는 뼈막증 등의 소견으로 PDP로 진단받은 본 증례를 통하여 미분류형 관절염의 다양한 원인질환 중 하나로서 드물지만 PDP를 고려해야 할 것으로 생각된다. Pachydermoperiostosis (PDP) is a primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy characterized by digital clubbing, pachydermia, and periostosis, which is inherited as an autosomal dominant or recessive trait. We report on a patient suffering from bilateral knee arthritis for 6 years who was newly diagnosed as PDP. PDP was confirmed by bilateral digital clubbing, hyperhidrosis, and cutis verticis gyrata, findings of pachydermatosis on the forehead and scalp, X-ray findings of proliferative periostitis. This case indicates that PDP is one of several possible rare diseases that should be considered in patients with undifferentiated arthritis. (J Rheum Dis 2015;22:256-259)

SoxRS-Mediated Lipopolysaccharide Modification Enhances Resistance against Multiple Drugs in Escherichia coli

Lee, Joon-Hee,Lee, Kang-Lok,Yeo, Won-Sik,Park, Su-Jin,Roe, Jung-Hye American Society for Microbiology 2009 Journal of Bacteriology Vol.191 No.13

<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major constituent of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria that serves as a barrier against harmful molecules, including antibiotics. The <I>waaYZ</I> locus that encodes the LPS core biosynthetic function in <I>Escherichia coli</I> was found to be induced strongly by superoxide generators but not by H2O2, ethanol, or heat shock. This induction was dependent on SoxRS, a superoxide and nitric oxide sensing system, through a soxbox in the <I>waaY</I> promoter that binds SoxS. A Δ<I>waaYZ</I> mutant became more sensitive to some superoxide generators, and the activation of SoxR by these drugs became more sensitized in the mutant. Through phenotypic microarray analysis, we found that the mutant became sensitive to a wide variety of chemicals not restricted to oxidizing agents. We found that the mutant is under envelope stress and is altered in LPS composition, as monitored by the level of σ<SUP>E</SUP> activation and changes in the electrophoretic mobility of LPS, respectively. <I>waaY</I> expression was also regulated by MarA (multiple-antibiotic resistance regulator), which shares a binding site (soxbox) with SoxS, and was induced by salicylate, a nonoxidative compound. These results demonstrate a novel way of protecting gram-negative bacteria against various compounds by modifying LPS, possibly through phosphorylation. Since either oxidant or nonoxidant compounds elicit resistance toward themselves and other toxic drugs, this mechanism could serve as an efficient way for pathogenic bacteria to enhance survival during antibiotic treatment within an oxidant-rich host immune environment.</P>

Expression analysis of sweetpotato cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase genes in response to infection with the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita

Lee Kyeong Hyun,Lee Kang-Lok,남기정,Yang Jung-Wook,이증주,Shim Donghwan,김윤희 한국식물생명공학회 2022 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.16 No.4

Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is a globally important food crop that is susceptible to infestation with the root-knot nema- tode, Meloidogyne incognita, which causes substantial crop losses. Previous transcriptomic analysis of the roots of susceptible and resistant sweetpotato cultivars identified genes that are likely to contribute to protection against root-knot nematode. The identified genes included cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), which are related to monolignol biosynthesis in plants. In this study, the role of CAD genes in sweetpotato defense responses to root-knot nematode infection was examined in susceptible and resistant cultivars. Comparison with Arabidopsis thaliana CAD genes identified groups of sweetpotato genes orthologous to AtCAD1–AtCAD9. Genes of the two major sweetpotato CAD groups contained the highest number of unigenes that were highly responsive to nematode infection in sweetpotato roots. These results indicate that CAD genes play roles in protecting sweetpotato roots against root-knot nematode infection.

SEM 측정법에 의한 초정밀 표면가공 특성연구

강순준,오상록,이갑조,김종관 한국공작기계학회 2004 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2004 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to look at the characteristics of surface finishing which is one of the form accuracies and to obtain the fundamental technical data from the process of machining with diamond tool through experiment and theoretical analysis. The experiments were conducted with domestic made ultra-precision machine and MCD·PCD tool, with aluminum alloyed material and brass being used for the work pieces. The goal of the size accuracy was set to 100nm. The most suitable tool nose radius and machining conditions were selected, and the variations of the surface roughness were observed using SEM method while machining the distance of up to 500km. These data were evaluated and they examined the variation of the machined surfaces while cutting up to 500km of machining distance. At the same time, the state for the wear of diamond tool nose was analyzed and carefully examined through the newest measuring device. Additionally, the characteristics of ultra-precision machining technology were studied through visual analysis.

폐금속광산 주변환경의 중금속 오염분포특성 연구

이강혁(Kang-Hyuck Lee),정연훈(Yeon-Hoon Jung),김병록(Byeong-Lok Kim),박진호(Jin-Ho Park),정종필(Jong-Pil Jung),박현구(Hyun-Goo Park),김요용(Yo-Yong Kim) 대한환경위생공학회 2004 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.19 No.1

This study was investigated the distribution characteristics of heavy metal concentrations in soils around abandoned mines in Pochon city. The abandoned mines were Youngjung, Yongsog and Pochon. The results were as follows:<br/> 1) Heavy metal mean concentrations in minewastes were detected Cr 100.119 mg/kg, Cu<br/> 189.400 mg/kg in Youngjung mine, Cr 198.440 mg/kg, As 160.480 mg/kg in Yongsog mine and Cr 84.680 mg/kg, Zn 50.280 mg/kg in Pochon mine.<br/> 2) The mean concentrations in soils which is around mines were Cu 62.351 mg/kg in Youngjung mine, and As 95.024 mg/kg, Hg 11.279 mg/kg in Yongsog mine. All materials in Pochon mine were detected low level.<br/> 3) The concentrations of heavy metal showed low or not detected in water system<br/> (ground waters, streams and sediments).