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New Third Rail Implementation System for Conventional Railroad Tracks in Service
Laura Montalbán Domingo,Clara Zamorano Martín,Julia I. Real Herráiz,Laura Gómez del Rey 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.22 No.2
Two track gauges coexist in Spain, the Iberian gauge (1668 mm) and the international gauge (1435 mm). Solutions applied on the track were considered to improve the interoperability in Spain. First solution proposed was tracks with two-gauge-ready sleepers. This solution allows changing the gauge from Iberian to International gauge or from International to Iberian gauge. The need of two gauges evolved this solution to the third rail system with two-simultaneous-gauge sleepers. In this paper, a new third-rail track solution is proposed. This solution is a novel system based on the introduction of special concrete blocks between the existing sleepers to fasten the third rail. Thus, the conventional railroad track becomes in a double-simultaneous-gauge lines without needing change existing sleepers and make long traffic interruptions of the track like in common third-rail systems. In the present study, threedimensional numerical models are generated using finite-element method. The analysis of the vertical displacements of the top head of the rails, vertical stresses transmitted to the substructure layers and vertical track stiffness, demonstrate the good vertical performance of the new system compared to the conventional lines with dual-gauge-ready sleepers and the common third rail tracks.
Verónica García-Villamar,Laura G. Hernández-Aragón,Jesús R. Chávez-Ríos,Arturo Ortega,Margarita Martínez-Gómez,Francisco Castelán 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2018 International Neurourology Journal Vol.22 No.S2
Purpose: To evaluate the expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its receptor, GDNF family receptor alpha subunit 1 (GFRα-1) in the pelvic (middle third) vagina and, particularly, in the paravaginal ganglia of nulliparous and primiparous rabbits. Methods: Chinchilla-breed female rabbits were used. Primiparas were killed on postpartum day 3 and nulliparas upon reaching a similar age. The vaginal tracts were processed for histological analyses or frozen for Western blot assays. We measured the ganglionic area, the Abercrombie-corrected number of paravaginal neurons, the cross-sectional area of the neuronal somata, and the number of satellite glial cells (SGCs) per neuron. The relative expression of both GDNF and GFRα-1 were assessed by Western blotting, and the immunostaining was semiquantitated. Unpaired two-tailed Student t -test or Wilcoxon test was used to identify statistically significant differences (P≤0.05) between the groups. Results: Our findings demonstrated that the ganglionic area, neuronal soma size, Abercrombie-corrected number of neurons, and number of SGCs per neuron were similar in nulliparas and primiparas. The relative expression of both GDNF and GFRα- 1 was similar. Immunostaining for both GDNF and GFRα-1 was observed in several vaginal layers, and no differences were detected regarding GDNF and GFRα-1 immunostaining between the 2 groups. In the paravaginal ganglia, the expression of GDNF was increased in neurons, while that of GFRα-1 was augmented in the SGCs of primiparous rabbits. Conclusions: The present findings suggest an ongoing regenerative process related to the recovery of neuronal soma size in the paravaginal ganglia, in which GDNF and GFRα-1 could be involved in cross-talk between neurons and SGCs.
Study of the influence of geometrical and mechanical parameters on ballasted railway tracks design
Julia I. Real,Laura Gómez,Laura Montalbán,Teresa Real 대한기계학회 2012 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.26 No.9
This paper investigates the vertical deflection on ballasted railway tracks from a set of cases of railway track typologies which differ in six track parameters: embankment height, ballast thickness, sleeper spacing, rail pad stiffness, Young’s modulus of the embankment material and the load applied to the structure. Finite element method has been the tool to assess the structural combinations and the results provided by linear and nonlinear analyses have been contrasted. Then, a new formulation for the deflection estimation in terms of the aforementioned parameters is presented based on a multiple regression model. The results provided by this formulation have been compared to those obtained from the classic Zimmermann theory. Finally, a stress analysis has been performed to complete the study and better understand the global behaviour of the railway structure. This article pretends to improve the design process and construction of ballasted railway tracks by means of proposing a formulation which estimates the track deflection to obtain the optimum track stiffness.
María de los Ángeles Carrasco-Ruiz,Laura G. Hernández-Aragón,Jesús Ramsés Chávez-Ríos,Jorge Rodríguez-Antolín,Pablo Pacheco,Margarita Martínez-Gómez,Estela Cuevas-Romero,Francisco Castelán 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2018 International Neurourology Journal Vol.22 No.3
Purpose: To characterize the relationship between serum estradiol levels and the expression of glucose transporter type 4 (Glut4) in the pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus muscles in female rats. Methods: The muscles were excised from virgin rats during the metestrus and proestrus stages of the estrous cycle, and from sham and ovariectomized rats implanted with empty or estradiol benzoate–filled capsules. The expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) was inspected in the muscles at metestrus and proestrus. Relative Glut4 expression, glycogen content, and serum glucose levels were measured. Appropriate statistical tests were done to identify significant differences (P≤0.05). Results: The pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus muscles expressed ERα and ERβ. Glut4 expression and glycogen content in the pubococcygeus muscle were higher at proestrus than at metestrus. No significant changes were observed in the iliococcygeus muscle. In ovariectomized rats, the administration of estradiol benzoate increased Glut4 expression and glycogen content in the pubococcygeus muscle alone. Conclusions: High serum estradiol levels increased Glut4 expression and glycogen content in the pubococcygeus muscle, but not in the iliococcygeus muscle.
Hysteroscopic myomectomy without anesthesia
Nuria-Laia Rodríguez-Mias,Montserrat Cubo-Abert,Laura Gomila-Villalonga,Juanjo Gómez-Cabeza,Jose Luis Poza-Barrasús,Antonio Gil-Moreno 대한산부인과학회 2019 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.62 No.3
ObjectiveScarce literature about myoma removal without anesthesia has been published. The aim of this paper is to evaluatethe feasibility of a new alternative for a hysteroscopic myomectomy in a conventional office setting, without need foranesthesia. MethodsStep-by-step description of the surgical technique has been provided, based on video images. An office hysteroscopywas performed in a Gynecological Endoscopy Department of a tertiary European hospital. ResultsA 49-year-old woman was referred for management of severe hypermenorrhea. Consent and approval were receivedfrom the patient and the institutional review board, respectively. The introduction of a Truclear® hysteroscopicpolyp morcellator of 5.5 mm with optic of 0 degrees into the uterine cavity did not require any kind of anesthesia orcervical dilatation. The use of saline flow helped distend the cavity and identify a submucosal myoma. Under directvision, a full myomectomy was performed via mechanical energy with continuous cutting movements, without anycomplication. After the procedure was completed, the excised material was aspirated through the device into acollecting pouch. A successful complete morcellation of a Type-0 submucosal leiomyoma with a polyp morcellatordevice was performed in an outpatient setting. Good medical results, good tolerance by the patient besides lowersurgical risks due to mechanical instead of electrical energy are shown. ConclusionIn conclusion, this video demonstrates that a hysteroscopic myomectomy can be performed successfully in office withlower risk of complications from the procedure and without use of general anesthesia besides good tolerance by thepatient.
Miguel Fdo. Salazar,María del Rocío Estrada Hernández,Erick Gómez Apo,Laura G. Chávez Macías,Carlos Alfonso Rodríguez Álvarez 대한병리학회 2015 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.49 No.5
We report a unique case of a 4-year-old girl with an intriguing fibrohistiocytic tumour. Magnetic resonance imaging scans showed a dural mass of variegated intensity compressing the left occipital pole and apparently extending toward the superior sagittal sinus. Grossly, the cut surface of the surgical specimen was yellow, pale, and soft with reddish kernel-like crusts. Histologically, the yellow areas resembled cholesterol granulomas with widespread coagulative necrosis, cholesterol clefts, powdery calcification, foreign body-type giant cells, and foamy macrophages, while the scattered red spots contained numerous multinucleated giant cells of foreign-body and Touton types, the former with amphophilic to slightly eosinophilic cytoplasm. Immunoperoxidase reactions confirmed the expression of histiocytic markers and vimentin. As far as we know, no tumour displaying these peculiar morphological features has yet been described.
Salvatore Rudilosso,José Ríos,Alejandro Rodríguez,Meritxell Gomis,Víctor Vera,Manuel Gómez-Choco,Arturo Renú,Núria Matos,Laura Llull,Francisco Purroy,Sergio Amaro,Mikel Terceño,Víctor Obach,Joaquim Se 대한뇌졸중학회 2021 Journal of stroke Vol.23 No.3
Background and Purpose In real-world practice, the benefit of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is uncertain in stroke patients with very favorable or poor prognostic profiles at baseline. We studied the effectiveness of MT versus medical treatment stratifying by different baseline prognostic factors. Methods Retrospective analysis of 2,588 patients with an ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion nested in the population-based registry of stroke code activations in Catalonia from January 2017 to June 2019. The effect of MT on good functional outcome (modified Rankin Score ≤2) and survival at 3 months was studied using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis in three pre-defined baseline prognostic groups: poor (if pre-stroke disability, age >85 years, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] >25, time from onset >6 hours, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score <6, proximal vertebrobasilar occlusion, supratherapeutic international normalized ratio >3), good (if NIHSS <6 or distal occlusion, in the absence of poor prognostic factors), or reference (not meeting other groups’ criteria). Results Patients receiving MT (n=1,996, 77%) were younger, had less pre-stroke disability, and received systemic thrombolysis less frequently. These differences were balanced after the IPTW stratified by prognosis. MT was associated with good functional outcome in the reference (odds ratio [OR], 2.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0 to 4.4), and especially in the poor baseline prognostic stratum (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 2.6 to 5.9), but not in the good prognostic stratum. MT was associated with survival only in the poor prognostic stratum (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 2.0 to 3.3). Conclusions Despite their worse overall outcomes, the impact of thrombectomy over medical management was more substantial in patients with poorer baseline prognostic factors than patients with good prognostic factors.
Miguel Fdo. Salazar,Paola A. Escalante Abril,Nubia L. López García,Mónica N. Madrazo Moya,Yadir U. Zamora Guerra,Yadira Gandhi Mata Mendoza,Erick Gómez Apo,Laura G. Chávez Macías 대한병리학회 2015 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.49 No.4
We report a 50-year-old woman with no relevant clinical history who presented with headache and loss of memory. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a left parieto-temporal mass with annular enhancement after contrast media administration, rendering a radiological diagnosis of high-grade astrocytic neoplasm. Tumour sampling was performed but the patient ultimately died as a result of disease. Microscopically, the lesion had areas of glioblastoma mixed with a benign mesenchymal constituent; the former showed hypercellularity, endothelial proliferation, high mitotic activity and necrosis, while the latter showed fascicles of long spindle cells surrounded by collagen and reticulin fibers. With approximately 40 previously reported cases, gliofibroma is a rare neoplasm defined as either glio-desmoplastic or glial/benign mesenchymal. As shown in our case, its prognosis is apparently determined by the degree of anaplasia of the glial component.
Paola A. Escalante Abril,Miguel Fdo. Salazar,Nubia L. López García,Mónica N. Madrazo Moya,Yadir U. Zamora Guerra,Yadira Gandhi Mata Mendoza,Erick Gómez Apo,Laura G. Chávez Macías 대한병리학회 2015 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.49 No.6
We report a 50-year-old woman with no relevant clinical history who presented with headache and loss of memory. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a left parieto-temporal mass with annular enhancement after contrast media administration, rendering a radiological diagnosis of high-grade astrocytic neoplasm. Tumour sampling was performed but the patient ultimately died as a result of disease. Microscopically, the lesion had areas of glioblastoma mixed with a benign mesenchymal constituent; the former showed hypercellularity, endothelial proliferation, high mitotic activity and necrosis, while the latter showed fascicles of long spindle cells surrounded by collagen and reticulin fibers. With approximately 40 previously reported cases, gliofibroma is a rare neoplasm defined as either glio-desmoplastic or glial/benign mesenchymal. As shown in our case, its prognosis is apparently determined by the degree of anaplasia of the glial component.