Lactobacillus (LA-1) and butyrate inhibits osteoarthrits through controling autophagy and inflammatory cell death in chondrocyte

Keun hyung Cho,Hyun-Sik Na,JooYeon Jhun,Jiyoung Kim,Seung Yoon Lee,Jeong soo Lee,In Gyu Um,Seok Jung Kim,Mi-La Cho 한국실험동물학회 2021 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease that reduces quality of life due to pain caused by persistent joint destruction. In addition, as a representative chronic disease, it causes inflammation and affects immunity, and it is one of the diseases that is difficult to cure, so treatment and improvement methods are urgently needed. In a previous study, we published that LA-1 improves osteoarthritis and has cartilage protection by controlling inflammation. However, it was not known how LA-1 improves osteoarthritis in the body. So in this study, it was confirmed that the administration of LA-1 to the MIA-induced OA rat model reduces the pain threshold, protects cartilage, and regulates inflammation markers in the articular synovium. Additionally, collecting and analyzing the feces of the disease model, it affected the gastrointestinal system and improved the environment of the microbiome. Interestingly, by providing LA-1, it was confirmed that the diversity and abundance of microbiome in the intestine were changed, and that the bacteria that produced SCFAs increased. In addition, daily supply of butyrate, one of the SCFAs produced by certain bacteria, triggers autophagy activation and tends to decrease necroptosis. This suggests that systemic immunity as well as OA is regulated according to changes in the intestinal microbial community, and that activation of autophagy can indirectly reduce abnormal cell death. In addition, assuming that osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative disease, cell analysis was performed using splenocyte and blood assuming that the immune system is deteriorated. As a result, both splenocytes and PBMCs confirmed that regulatory T cells increased and Th17 cells decreased. In summary, providing LA-1 leads to increased production of SCFAs by altering the microbes in the intestine. Accordingly, it is possible to suppress the progression of OA and control pain due to OA, and improve an abnormal joint environment by controlling autophagy and necroptosis.

Effects of Food Import and Source Diversification on Food Security

Kim,Chong-Sup,La,Jung-Joo 서울대학교 경제연구소 2009 經濟論集 Vol.48 No.3

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of food import and source diversification on the stability of food price. The paper shows that high import reliance is helpful to reduce the price variability for banana, pineapple, tomato, spice, poultry meat, wine, maize, and bovine meat, whereas there are some exceptions like cabbage. This means that self-sufficiency for most of the foods is not good for the stability of price. As for diversification of food import source, diversification is helpful to reduce the variability of import price for banana, pineapple, tomato, spice, poultry meat, wine, apple, grape, orange, tea, pig meat, tobacco, and cabbage. In addition, a country should diversify more its import source in order to stabilize import price when it is importing food from developing countries than when it is importing from developed ones. This is probably because developed countries, with better infrastructure for agriculture, can maintain more stable production and price.

Ceftriaxone 사용의 적절성 평가

김진영,배성미,홍경자,라현오,김양리,강문원 한국병원약사회 1999 병원약사회지 Vol.16 No.1

In order to find out whether ceftriaxone, a third generation cephalosporin antibiotics, is used appropriately, safely and effectively, DUE study was conducted by reviewing 70 charts of patients who were treated at Kangnam St. Mary's hospital from Oct. 1997 to Nov. 1997. The DUE criteria was modified from the criteria on ceftriaxone use established by American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. As a result, 33 cases (47.2%) were met with criteria for the justification of use. The analysing process indicators including CBC, SCr were taken before the initial dose and the vital sign monitoring were relatively well documented showing the accepted levels of above 80%. On the other hand, blood sampling for the culture and sensitivity test before the initial antibiotic dose WBC Count, SCr, LFT during the therapy were in low accepted levels. As an outcome analysis, the result of blood culture after discontinuing drug were documented with accepted level of 24.3%. As a conclusion, it is suggested that above finding should be communicated to the medical staff, and an active intervention, such as feedback control system by pharmacist, also be necessary for the rational medication use.

Urethane으로 유발된 생쥐 폐샘암종 발생과정에서 Survivin과 p53 단백 발현

김미라 외 중앙대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2007 中央醫大誌 Vol.32 No.1/2

An unbalance of cell proliferation and cell apoptosis is an important mechanism in carcinogenesis. Survivin and p53 have been identified as an important member of the apoptotic related proteins. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), apoptosis, apoptotic related proteins such as survivin and p53 by using urethane-induced mouse lung carcinogenesis which provides reproducing steps from hyperplastic lesions to adenocarcinomas. ICR mice were given urethane by intra-peritoneal injection, and sacrified at 5, 15, and 25 weeks after treatment. Sequential morphological changes and the immunohistochemical expression of PCNA, apoptosis, survivin, and p53, during mouse lung carcinogenesis were examined. During the carcinogenesis, sequential histological changes from hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes, to adenomas, and ultimately to overt adenocarcinomas were noted. The PCNA Labeling Index (LI) was 9.6% in hyperplasia. p53 expression was detected only in adenocarcinoma lesions at an expression rate of 10%. There was no correlation between survivin and p53 expression. These results suggested that the PCNA LI and apoptotic LI could be useful markers for evaluating the risk of malignant transformation. In addition, survivin and p53 may be implicated in the early and late steps in the urethane-induced mouse lung carcinogenesis.

Expression of Sonic hedgehog signaling molecules in normal, hyperplastic and carcinomatous endometrium

Kim, Kyung Hee,Kim, Jin Man,Choi, Yoon-La,Shin, Young Kee,Lee, Ho-chang,Seong, In Ock,Kim, Bum Kyung,Chae, Seoung Wan,Chung, Yun-Shin,Kim, Seok-Hyung Blackwell Publishing Asia 2009 Pathology international Vol.59 No.5

<P>The aim of the present study was to determine the expression profile of the hedgehog (Hh) signaling molecules in normal, hyperplastic, and carcinomatous uterine endometrium. For this purpose, 271 endometrial tissue samples, (62 of normal endometrium, 127 of endometrial hyperplasias, and 82 endometrial adenocarcinomas) were studied using antibodies recognizing Hh-related signaling proteins, such as, sonic hedgehog (Shh), Patched (PTCH), Smoothened (Smo), Suppressor of fused [Su(Fu)], Gli-1, Gli-2, and Gli-3 by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression of these molecules was also assessed on reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. In the normal endometrium, the expression of Hh signaling molecules was generally downregulated except for Su(Fu), Gli-2, and Shh. In particular, the expression of both PTCH and Smo was very low or almost absent. Overall expression of Hh signaling molecules increased in hyperplastic endometrium; in particular, PTCH and Smo were significantly highly expressed in complex and atypical hyperplasia. In carcinoma samples extensive alterations were observed in the expression pattern of the signaling molecules. Nuclear Gli-2, cytoplasmic Gli-3, and Su(Fu) were overexpressed, whereas Shh, PTCH, and Smo expression were significantly reduced compared with the hyperplastic endometrium. The results suggest that the alteration of Hh signaling may be implicated in tumorigenesis of the endometrium.</P>

Unenhanced Breast MRI With Diffusion-Weighted Imaging for Breast Cancer Detection: Effects of Training on Performance and Agreement of Subspecialty Radiologists

Kim Yeon Soo,Lee Su Hyun,Kim Soo-Yeon,Kim Eun Sil,Park Ah Reum,Chang Jung Min,Park Vivian Youngjean,Yoon Jung Hyun,Kang Bong Joo,Yun Bo La,Kim Tae Hee,Ko Eun Sook,Chu A Jung,Kim Jin You,Youn Inyoung,C 대한영상의학회 2024 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.25 No.1

Objective: To investigate whether reader training improves the performance and agreement of radiologists in interpreting unenhanced breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Materials and Methods: A study of 96 breasts (35 cancers, 24 benign, and 37 negative) in 48 asymptomatic women was performed between June 2019 and October 2020. High-resolution DWI with b-values of 0, 800, and 1200 sec/mm2 was performed using a 3.0-T system. Sixteen breast radiologists independently reviewed the DWI, apparent diffusion coefficient maps, and T1-weighted MRI scans and recorded the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category for each breast. After a 2-h training session and a 5-month washout period, they re-evaluated the BI-RADS categories. A BI-RADS category of 4 (lesions with at least two suspicious criteria) or 5 (more than two suspicious criteria) was considered positive. The per-breast diagnostic performance of each reader was compared between the first and second reviews. Inter-reader agreement was evaluated using a multi-rater κ analysis and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: Before training, the mean sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the 16 readers were 70.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 59.4–79.9), 90.8% (95% CI: 85.6–94.2), and 83.5% (95% CI: 78.6–87.4), respectively. After training, significant improvements in specificity (95.2%; 95% CI: 90.8–97.5; P = 0.001) and accuracy (85.9%; 95% CI: 80.9–89.8; P = 0.01) were observed, but no difference in sensitivity (69.8%; 95% CI: 58.1–79.4; P = 0.58) was observed. Regarding inter-diffusionreader agreement, the κ values were 0.57 (95% CI: 0.52–0.63) before training and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.62–0.74) after training, with a difference of 0.11 (95% CI: 0.02–0.18; P = 0.01). The ICC was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.69–0.74) before training and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.76–0.80) after training (P = 0.002). Conclusion: Brief reader training improved the performance and agreement of interpretations by breast radiologists using unenhanced MRI with DWI.

Does Adding Diffuse Optical Tomography to Sonography Improve Differentiation Between Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions? : Observer Performance Study

La Yun, Bo,Kim, Sun Mi,Jang, Mijung,Ahn, Hye Shin,Lyou, Chae Yeon,Kim, Mi Sun,Kim, Sun Ah,Song, Tai-Kyong,Yoo, Yangmo,Chang, Jin Ho,Kim, Youngmi American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine 2015 Journal of ultrasound in medicine Vol.34 No.5

<P>Objectives-The purpose of this study was to investigate the added value of diffuse optical tomographic categories combined with conventional sonography for differentiating between benign and malignant breast lesions. Methods-In this retrospective database review, we included 145 breast lesions (116 benign and 29 malignant) from 145 women (mean age, 46 years; range, 16-86 years). Five radiologists independently reviewed sonograms with and without a diffuse optical tomographic category. Each lesion was scored on a scale of 0% to 100% for suspicion of malignancy and rated according to the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System classification. Diagnostic performance was analyzed by comparing area under receiver operating characteristic curve values. Reader agreement was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients. Results-In the multireader multicase receiver operating characteristic analysis, adding a diffuse optical tomographic category to sonography improved the diagnostic accuracy of sonography (mean areas under the curve, 0.923 for sonography alone and 0.969 for sonography with diffuse optical tomography; P = .039). The interobserver correlation was also improved (0.798 for sonography alone and 0.904 for sonography with diffuse optical tomography). The specificity increased for 4 reviewers from a mean of 19.5% to 45.8% (P < .001 for reviewers 1-4; P = .238 for reviewer 5) with no significant change in the sensitivity. When the diffuse optical tomographic category was applied strictly, the specificity increased for all reviewers from a mean of 19.5% to 68.3% (P < .001 for all reviewers) with no significant change in the sensitivity. Conclusions-The addition of diffuse optical tomographic categories to sonography may improve diagnostic performance and markedly decrease false-positive biopsy recommendations.</P>

Activation Changes of Hafnia alvei Aspartase by Acetic Anhydride

La, Im-Joung,Kim, Joung-Mok,Kim, Jeong-Rim,Kim, Ki-Tae,Kim, Jung-Sung,Yoon, Moon-Young Korean Chemical Society 2002 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.23 No.8

The Hafnia alvei aspartase activity with acetic anhydride treatment gradually increased and reached 7.5-fold that of the native one. The activity of the acetylated aspartase was a little higher than that of the native enzyme, indicating that the cooperativity between a substrate and enzyme is increased. The optimum temperature of the native asparatse was $45^{\circ}C$, and that of the acetylated enzyme shifted to $40^{\circ}C.$ The pH vs. the activity profile of the acetylated asparatse was also different from that of the native enzyme. The initial velocity pattern of the acetylated aspartase intersects to the left of the ordinate, indicating the sequential kinetic mechanism other than a rapid equilibrium ordered one. The reciprocal plots for aspartate of the native aspartase were curved, but those of the acetylated aspartase were linear, indicating the Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The helical content of the acetylated aspartase was rather decreased to $9{\textperthousand}$ than that $(63{\textperthousand})$ of the native one.

Up-regulation of stromal cell–derived factor 1 (CXCL12) production in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts through interactions with T lymphocytes: Role of interleukin-17 and CD40L–CD40 interaction

Kim, Kyoung-Woon,Cho, Mi-La,Kim, Hae-Rim,Ju, Ji-Hyeon,Park, Mi-Kyung,Oh, Hye-Jwa,Kim, Joon-Seok,Park, Sung-Hwan,Lee, Sang-Heon,Kim, Ho-Youn Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2007 Vol.56 No.4

<B>Objective</B><P>Stromal cell–derived factor 1 (SDF-1) is a potent chemoattractant for memory T cells in inflamed rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and CD40–CD40L interaction on SDF-1 production in RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS).</P><B>Methods</B><P>Synovial fluid (SF) and serum levels of SDF-1 in RA patients were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The SDF-1 produced by cultured RA FLS was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction and ELISA after FLS were treated with IL-17 and inhibitors of intracellular signal molecules. The SDF-1 level was also determined after FLS were cocultured with T cells in the presence and absence of IL-17.</P><B>Results</B><P>Concentrations of SDF-1 in the sera and SF were higher in RA patients than in osteoarthritis patients, although the increase in the serum levels did not reach statistical significance. The production of SDF-1 in RA FLS was enhanced by IL-17 stimulation. This effect of IL-17 was blocked by inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), NF-κB, and activator protein 1 (AP-1). When FLS were cocultured with T cells, SDF-1 production was up-regulated, especially in the presence of IL-17, but FLS were inhibited by neutralizing anti–IL-17 and anti-CD40L antibodies. Addition of RA SF to cultured RA FLS significantly up-regulated SDF-1 messenger RNA expression, which was hampered by pretreatment with anti–IL-17 antibody.</P><B>Conclusion</B><P>SDF-1 is overproduced in RA FLS, and IL-17 could up-regulate the expression of SDF-1 in RA FLS via pathways mediated by PI 3-kinase, NF-κB, and AP-1. Our findings suggest that inhibition of the interaction between IL-17 from T cells and SDF-1 in FLS may provide a new therapeutic approach in RA.</P>

Expression of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 in dermatomyositis and polymyositis

Kim, Geun-Tae,Cho, Mi-La,Park, Young-Eun,Yoo, Wan Hee,Kim, Jung-Hee,Oh, Hye-Jwa,Kim, Dae-Sung,Baek, Seung-Hoon,Lee, Sun-Hee,Lee, Jun-Hee,Kim, Ho-Youn,Kim, Sung-Il Springer-Verlag 2010 CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY Vol.29 No.3

<P>The aim of this study was to investigate the expressions of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR4, TLR9, and their correlations with the expression of cytokines that are associated with activation of CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cells and inflammation including interferon γ (IFNγ), interleukin 4 (IL4), interleukin 17 (IL17), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) in muscle tissues of patients with dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM). The expressions of TLR2, TLR4, TLR9, IFNγ, IL4, IL17, and TNFα were measured by real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction in muscle tissues from 14 patients with DM and PM (nine patients with DM, five patients with PM) and three controls. The expressions of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 were also localized with immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of TLR2, TLR4, TLR9, IFNγ, IL4, IL17, and TNFα were significantly high in patients with DM and PM compared with those in the controls, and the expression levels of TLR4 and TLR9 had significant positive correlations with the expressions of IFNγ, IL4, IL17, and TNFα. Immunohistochemistry showed that TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 were expressed by infiltrating cells of perimysium in DM, whereas they were expressed by infiltrating cells of endomysium in PM. These results suggest that the involvement of TLR4 and TLR9 in immunopathogenesis of DM and PM might be connected with activation of CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cells.</P>