Poly(vinylbenzyl chloride-glycidyl methacrylate)/Polyethylene Composite Anion Exchange Membranes for Vanadium Redox Battery Application

Park, Min-A,Shim, Joonmok,Park, Se-Kook,Jeon, Jae-Deok,Jin, Chang-Soo,Lee, Ki Bong,Shin, Kyoung-Hee Korean Chemical Society 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.6

Anion exchange membranes for a vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) were prepared by pore-filling on a PE substrate with the copolymerization of vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The ion exchange capacity, water uptake and weight gain ratio were increased with a similar tendency up to 65% of GMA content, indicating that the monomer improved the pore-filling degree and membrane properties. The vanadium ion permeability and open-circuit voltage were also investigated. The permeability of the VG65 membrane was only $1.23{\times}10^{-7}\;cm^2\;min^{-1}$ compared to $17.9{\times}10^{-7}\;cm^2\;min^{-1}$ for Nafion 117 and $1.8{\times}10^{-7}\;cm^2\;min^{-1}$ for AMV. Consequently, a VRB single cell using the prepared membrane showed higher energy efficiency (over 80%) of up to 100 cycles compared to the commercial membranes, Nafion 117 (ca. 58%) and AMV (ca. 70%).

어류 알의 Protease Inhibitor 활성 분포

지성준 ( Seong Jun Ji ),이지선 ( Ji Sun Lee ),신준호 ( Joon Ho Shin ),박권현 ( Kwon Hyun Park ),김진수 ( Jin Soo Kim ),김경섭 ( Kyoung Sub Kim ),허민수 ( Min Soo Heu ) 한국수산과학회(구 한국수산학회) 2011 한국수산과학회지 Vol.44 No.1

To identify and examine the distribution of proteolytic inhibitory activity in crude extracts from fish eggs, and to determine the applicability of these protease inhibitors as anti-degradation agents in surimi-based products and fish meat, we compared the inhibitory activities of various extracts from fish eggs to those of commercial proteases, such as trypsin and papain. We used the optimal conditions for the screening of trypsin activity: 30 ug/uL of 0.1 % trypsin and 0.6 mM Na-benzoyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide (BAPNA) with a pH of 8.0 at 40℃ for 60 min. The activities of papain and four commercial proteases were investigated after mixing with 100 ug/uL enzymes and 0.3% casein with a pH of 8.0 at 40℃ for 60 min. We performed a screening assay to detect the inhibitory activity (%) of crude extracts from eight species of fish eggs against the target proteases trypsin and papain. The assay revealed a wide distribution of trypsin and papain inhibitors in fish eggs. The specific inhibitory activities (11.6-28.6 U/mg) of crude extracts from fish eggs against trypsin and BAPNA substrate were higher than that (0.64 U/mg) of egg whites, used as a commercial inhibitor. The inhibitory activities of crude extracts from fish eggs against trypsin, and of egg whites against casein substrate (1.94-4.51 U/mg), were higher than those of papain (0.24-1.57 U/mg) and commercial protease (0.04-0.32 U/mg). The extracts from fish eggs were rich in protease inhibitors that exhibited strong inhibitory activity against trypsin, a serine protease, and papain, a cysteine protease.

선인장 양심실 보조장치의 설계 및 임상적용을 위한 평가

민병구,박찬영,최재순,이혁수,황창모,김삼성,윤걸중,김종원,선경,이경갑,정종태,김원곤 제주대학교 인공심장이식연구소 2001 인공심장 연구 Vol.2 No.1

현재 개발되고 있는 맥동형 이식형 인공심장은 완전이식형 인공심장과 좌심실보조장치 뿐이다. 좌심실보조장치를 장착한 환자의 10~15%가 우심실의 보조를 필요로하고 완전이식형 인공심장의 장착을 위해서는 자연심장을 제거해야하는 상황에서 이식형 양심실보조장치에 대한 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구진은 완전이식형 인공심장으로 개발된 한국형 인공심장을 개선하여 양심 실 보조장치를 개발하였다. 양심실보조장치는 이동형 작동기식 미케니즘을 이용하고 있으며 에너지 변환장치와 감속기로 구성된 작동기와 혈액주머니, 그리고 내장형 제어기로 구성되어 있다. 선인장 펌프로 명명된 KAH350은 캐뉼라의 연결을 위한 커넥터를 포함하여 길이 177mm, 폭 164mm, 높이 67 이고 무게 780g이며 최대 심박출량은 5L/min 이다. 양심실보조장치로 개발된 선인장펌프는 좌심실보조장치로도 응용이 가능하다. 이식적합성과 생체적합성을 평가하기 위하여 좌심실보조장치로 5회, 양싱실보조장치로 6회의 동물실험을 수행하였다. 각각 최장 28일간 생존하였으며 11회의 동물실험중 장치의 결함에 의한 것이 3회 있었는데 이들은 모두 전자장치의 결함과 방수처리문제였다. 현재 이식적합성과 일박출량을 향상시킨 KAH400모델이 개발중이다. The types of pulsatile implantable artificial hearts that are on the way of development and have been developed are totally implantable artificial heart and implantable left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Approximately 10% to 15% of all patients Implanted with wearable VADs have required right heart support with another device. And it is reluctant to patient who should remove his or her own heart to be implanted with total artificial heart. These situations drive the development of implantable bi-ventricular assist device (BVAD). The Korean BVAD was develophed by modifying the moving actuator type Korean artificial heart. This electro-mechanical BVAD comprises actuator including energy converter and reduction gear train, blood sacs, and internal motor and energy controllers. The KAH350 which is named as 'Cactus Pump' is 177mm in length, 164mm in width, and 67mm in thickness including connectors and nuts. The weight and maximum cardiac output of Cactus Pump is 780g and 5L/min, respectively. The Cactus Pump that was developed as BVAD could be used as LVAD by attaching compliance caps on the 2 ports of one ventricle. The animal experiments were undergone 5 times for LVAD, and 6 times for BVAD. The best records were 28 days survival in both applications. There were 3 times of device failure and they were all associated with electrical connection and hermetic sealing. The KAH400 that has improved anatomical fitting characterisitcs and stroke volume is on development.

자연대류를 고려한 전력용 변압기의 2차원 온도분포 해석

민경조,김중경,한성진,주수원 東亞大學校附設 情報技術硏究所 2005 情報技術硏究所論文誌 Vol.13 No.1

Recently, the efficiency of power transformer is improved and the size is becoming smaller. So, it is very important that temperature characteristics of the transformer should be estimated and predicted precisely. This paper deals with the temperature distribution of power transformer by simplified 2-D hybrid mesh model. The temperature distribution was obtained by CFD algorithm considering natural convection. Heat sources are calculated first by magnetic field analysis based on F.E.M. and are used as the input data for thermal field problem based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithm. The calculated temperature distribution of the simplified 2-D power transformer model shows good results in accuracy as well as in computing time.

석·골재용 암석의 풍화에 따른 특성 변화

민경원,서백수,진호일,임길재 강원대학교 부설 석재복합신소재 제품연구센터 2000 석재연 논문집 Vol.5 No.-

화강암의 조직을 고려하여 4개지역에서 6개 석ㆍ골재 석산을 대상으로 신선한 화강암과 풍화된 화강암을 Ⅰ ~ Ⅵ단계까지 체계적으로 채취된 화강암을 대상으로 풍화에 따른 화강암의 물리적ㆍ화학적 특성 변화에 대한 고찰(민경원 등, 1998)에 추가하여, 풍화에 의한 slake 내구성과 색도의 변화를 측정하고 토의하였다. slake 내구성 시험에서는 일반적으로 Ⅰ~Ⅲ 단계의 화강암이 시험 주기가 증가할수록 선형적이 질량감소를 보이고 Ⅳ~Ⅵ 단계에서는 곡선 모양의 감소 경향을 보여주면 세립질의 화강암이 상대적으로 높은 내구성을 가진다. 풍화에 따라 암석의 백색도는 감소하고 황색도는 증가하며, 표준화된 백색도-황생도 지수는 풍화단게를 지시해 줄 수 있는 유용한 지시자로 제안되었다. Fresh and weathered granitic rocks of grades Ⅰ to Ⅵ were sampled systematically from six stone and aggregate quarries in four chosen areas in consideration of their textures. In addition to the observed variations. of physical and chemical properties of granitic rocks in terms of weathering grades(Min et al., 1998), slake durability and color index variations were measured and discussed in this article. In the slake durability test, generally with increasing test cycles the granitic rocks of grades Ⅰ to Ⅲ show linear losses of weight but those of Grades Ⅳ to Ⅴ show curvilinear trends, and the fine-grained weathered granitic rocks have comparatively higher durability. As weathering proceeds, whiteness of rocks decreases and yellowness increases. A normalized whiteness-yellowness index is suggested as a weathering index to be one of useful indicators of weathering grades.

흰쥐 복직근과 대흉근 근섬유 유형에 대한 조직화학적 연구

민병운,박경수,노영복 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 1989 自然科學硏究 Vol.12 No.1

포유동물인 흰쥐의 대흉근과 복직근에 대한 근섬유 특성 및 근섬유 유형별 빈도를 조사하기 위하여 1988년 7월 2일~1988년 10월7일 조직화학적 및 각종 효소조직화학적 염색을 시행하여 조사한 바 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. H-E 염색에 의한 근섬유의 유형별 구분은 불 명확하였으나, PAS 염색에서는 양성 반응의 정도에 따라서 세가지 유형으로 구분되었다. 2. Reversed myosin-ATP ase 염색과 SDH염색에서는 TypeⅠ, Ⅱa, Ⅱb의 세가지 유형의 근섬유형이 구분되었다. 그러나 typeⅡ와 Ⅱb의 유형별 빈도는 SDH염색과 Reversed myosin-ATP ase 염색상 상당한 차이가 있는 것으로 관찰되었다. 3. 포유동물인 흰쥐의 복직근과 대흉근의 근 섬유형 구성비는 부위에 따라서 상당한 차이가 있었다. In order to study properties and individual proportions of muscle fiber types on the pectoralis major an rectus abdominis muscle of the rat, vertebrates, histological and each kinds of enzyme histochemical stain (were performed). The following results were obtained : 1. Differentiation of muscle fiber types was not evident in H & E stained specimen. However, three types of muscle fibers were evidently differentiated in PAS stained sections according to the degree of positivity. 2. Muscle fiber of three types (typeⅠ, Ⅱa and Ⅱb) were differentiated in reversed-ATP ase and SDH stain. However, there were considerable difference between SDH and reversed-ATP ase stain properties in proportion of typeⅡa and Ⅱb. 3. The constituent proportions of muscle fibers in rectus abdominis and pectoralis major muscle of the rat were remarkably different according to the portions.

전방 또는 전측방 흉수 종양 수술에서 후측방도달법

조경석,박춘근,성재훈,허필우,박춘근,백민우,김달수,강준기 대한신경외과학회 1997 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.26 No.5

한국인 제1형 당뇨병에서 체도 세포질 항체의 양성률 : 항GAD항체, 항ICA512항체, 항phogrin항체의 조합 측정으로의 대체 가능성 Possible Replacement with Combined Measurement of Anti-GAD, Anti-ICA512, and Anti-phogrin Antibodies

김경아,김동준,정재훈,민용기,이문규,김광원,진동규,고경수,김상진,이명식 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.25 No.6

연구배경:최근 당뇨병의 분류를 새로 제정함에 있어 자가항체가 양성이면 임상형에 상관없이 제1형 당뇨병으로 분류하자는 제안이 나옴으로써 자가항체의 중요성은 더욱 커질 것으로 예상된다. 특히 우리나라와 같이 비비만형인 제2형 당뇨병이 많은 나라에서는 당뇨병의 병인 규명에 자가항체가 중요한 위치를 차지할 것으로 사료된다. 자가항체 중에서 전통적으로 측정되어온 췌도 세포질 항체(ICA)는 표준화하기 어렵고 기술적으로 제한점이 많으며 현실적으로도 췌장 공여자가 적은 점 등이 문제로 알려져 있다. ICA의 대응 항원들로는 GAD(glutamic acid decarboxylase), IA­2(islet­associaated antigen­2;ICA512), IA­2β(phogrin)등이 있다. 이러한 대응 항원에 대한 특이적인 자가항체의 측정은 ICA에 비해 표준화되었으며 최근에는 방사면역측정법(radioimmunoassay;RIA)키드까지 등장하여 손쉽고 정확히 이를 측정할 수 있게 되었다. 연구자들은 한국인 제1형 당뇨병에서 측정법이 표준화 되어 있는 항GAD항체 및 항ICA512항체 조합(combimation)의 조합으로 ICA의 측정을 대신할 수 있는지를 조사하였고 더 나아가 항phogrin항체의 조합 측정으로 임상적 유용성이 있는지 보고자 하였다. 방법: ICA는 면역조직화학 염색법을 이용하였다. 항 GAD항체는 상업화 된 키드(RSR??, United Kingdom)를 이용하였다. 항 ICA512항체와 항phogrin항체의 측정은 in vitro transcription&translation한 후 이를 이용해 방사면역 침전법을 이용하였다. 대상 환자로는 전형적 제1형 당뇨병 76명, 지진형 제1형 당뇨병 22명, 제2형 당뇨병 39명이었으며 각 군간의 연령은 각각 22.8±14.0, 37.9±13.9, 45.3±12.3세였다. 결과:1)전형적인 제1형 당뇨병에서는 ICA의 양성률이 30%, RIA조합만의(항GAD항체 또는 항 ICA512항체 또는 항phgrin항체 한가지에라도 양성인 경우)양성률이 57%이었다. 지진형 제1형 당뇨병에서는 각각 18%, 50%이었다. 제2형 당뇨병에서는 각각 7.7%, 5.1%이었다. 2)각 군에서 ICA가 양성인 군에서 RIA조합 양성률을 보면 전형적 제1형 당뇨병에서는 96%, 지진형 제1형 당뇨병에서는 100%에서 양성이었고 제2형 당뇨병에서는 RIA 조합 양성이 없었다. 각 군에서 ICA가 음성인 군에서도 RIA 조합시 전형적 제1형 당뇨병에서는 40%, 지진형 제1형 당뇨병에서는 39%에서 양성이었고, 제2형 당뇨병에서는 5.6%에서 양성이었다. 3)전형적 제1형 당뇨병에서 ICA가 양성인 군(n=23)에서 96%가 RIA조합 양성이었는데 이때 각각의 RIA유형을 보면 항GAD항체 양성이 87%였다. 한편 항 ICA512항체 양성이 48%, 항phogrin항체 양성이 44%이고 항GAD항체 도는 항ICA512항체 양성이 96%를 차지한다. 지진형 제1형 당뇨병에서는 ICA가 양성인 군(n=4)에서는 항 GAD항체 양성이 3명, 항ICA512항체 양성이 1명이었다. 따라서 기존의 ICA를 RIA조합으로 대체할 수 있을 것으로 사료되었는데 이때 항GAD항체와 항ICA512항체의 조합이 도움이 되겠고 항phogrin항체의 추가적인 검사는 일부의 환자에서만 도움이 되리라 사료된다. 4)이환 기간에 따라 ICA와 RIA조합을 비교시 ICA는 차이가 없었으나 RIA조합의 양성률은 지진형 제1형 당뇨병에서 4년 이상의 이환 기간이 지나면 그 이전보다 떨어졌다. 5)발병 연령에 따라 ICA와 RIA조합을 비교시 ICA 양성률이 전형적 제1형 당뇨병에서 15세 이전에 발병한 그룹에서 그 이후에 발병한 그룹보다 유의하게 높았다. 결론:이상의 결과를 요약하면 항GAD항체 및 항ICA512항체 측정의 조합은 ICA보다 민감도가 높아 기존의 ICA를 대체함은 물론 임상적 이용에서 현격한 우월성을 보이며, 성인에서 발병한 비전형적인 당뇨병의 분류에도 도움이 될 것으로 사료되었다. 추가적인 항phogrin항체의 측정은 임상적 유용성이 없었다. Background : Type 1 diabetes includes all forms of autoimmune-mediated and idiopathic beta-cell destruction leading to an absolute insulin deficiency. Evidence of an autoimune pathogenesis was assessed by studying cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies (ICA), antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), antibodies reacting with an islet tyrosine phosphatase-related molecule referred to as ICA 512 (ICA 512A), or its homologue phogrin (phogrin-A). In comparison with ICA, the best validation to assess the risk of type 1 diabetes, shows that a combination of antibodies to GADA with ICA 512A has the power to detect a majority of ICA and 97 ~ 100% of subjects who progressed to overt diabetes. These findings suggest the possibility of replacing the laborious ICA test in the screening programs to identify subjects at risk of progressing to type 1 diabetes or for classifying the stage of diabetes at the time of diagnosis. Up to now, it is unclear whether these results are applicable to the slowly progressive type 1 diabetes that appears to be more prevalent in Asian than in western countries. The prevalence of combined autoantibody testing (1≥ of GADA, ICA512A, or phogrin-A) was investigated in the patients with type 1 diabetes (typical and slowly progressive) and type 2 diabetes, and compared with that of ICA which is a more laborious and insensitive test. Methods : The ICA assay was performed using immunoenzymatic staining of frozen human (blood group O) pancreatic sections with serial dilutions of serum samples with peroxidase-labeled protein A. For the GADA determination, commercially available GADA radiommunoassay kits utilizing the ^125I-labeled recombinant GAD65 (RSR®, United Kingdom) as an antigen was used. Either ICA512A or phogrin-A were detected by a radioligand-binding assay after in vitro transcription and translation using the clone ICA512bdc or phogrin c DNA. Serum was obtained from 76 patients with type 1 diabetes(mean age 45.3± 12.3 years). Typical and slowly progressive type 1 diabetes patients had the disease for between 4.0±4.6 and 10.1±9.5 years, respectively at the earliest serum sampling. Results: 1) In typicaltype 1 diabetes, 30% of patients tested positive for ICA and 57% for the combined autoantibody test. In type 2 diabetes, 7.7% and 5.1% tested positive, respectively. 2) Ninety-six percent of ICA-positive patients expressed one or more of the 3 auto-antibody specificities in typicaltype 1 diabetes. Among the 53 ICA-negative patients with typicaltype 1 diabetes, 40% had one or more of these auto-antibodies. In the slowly pregressive type 1 diabetes, 100% of the ICA-positive and 39% of the ICA-negative patients expressed one or more of the 3 autoantibody specificities. 3) Of the 23 patients with ICA-positive typical type 1 diabetes patients, 87% had a positive result for GADA, 48% FOR ICA512A, 44% for phogrin-A, and 96% for GADA or ICA512A. Of the 4 patients with ICA-positive slowly progressive type 1 diabetes, three had a positive result for GADA, and 1 for ICA512A. 4) When the prevalence of combined autoantibody testing was analyzed according to the duration of diabetes, the prevalence in patients tested within 4 years after the diagnosis and more than 4 years after the diagnosis was 61% and 52%, respectively in typical type 1 diabetes. Furthermore, that for the ICA was 37% and 21%, respectively. In the slowly progressive type 1 diabetes, the prevalence of combined auto-antibody testing was 88% and 25%, respectively (p<0.05), while that of ICA was 25% and 13%, respectively. 5) In typical type 1 diabetes, ICA were detected more frequently in patients younger than 15 years of age (48%) than in older patients (23%) (p<0.05), while the prevalence of combined auto-antibody testing -was not different according to the onset age(65% vs 53%). Conclusion : Combined autoantibody testing for GADA and ICA512A is more sensitive that ICA in type 1 diabetes. Therefore, it could replace the laborious ICA measurement and may be useful for discriminating the etiology of adult onset a typical diabetes(J Kor Diabetes Asso 25 :430~445, 2001).

S-상 심실중격의 임상적 고찰

이동민,장경식,양종태,장대용,김종오,서영욱,고영엽,홍순표 조선대학교 부설 의학연구소 2002 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.27 No.1

Background: The sigmoid septum described an anatomical variation in the contour of the left ventricular outlet. It is related to degenerative change with aging. We observed clinical significance of sigmoid septum in Korean. Methods: Echocardiographic examination was performed in 434 patients. Sigmoid septum is defined as discrete bulging of the proximal interventricular septum with that thickness is greater than 1.3cm or the thickness is grater 1.5 times than adjacent mid interventricular septum in apical 3 chamber view. Result: The incidence of patient with sigmoid septum(septum patient) is 24.8% (male 8.4%, female 16.3%) . The incidence increases with age and is more common in women. The patients with sigmoid septum were compared with targeted groups, there was no significant difference in blood pressure between them, but in height and weight, the former were lower. (p<001, p<03). In the patients with sigmoid septum, weight and the surface area of a body have an opposite correlation with increase of age (p<03, r=-0.34) (p<04, r=-0.31) , but no decrease of height was found according to age increase (p=0.47, r=-0.11) The main reason patients with sigmoid septum ask echocardiolography and its clinical symptoms were abnormal results of previous electrocardiography and/or usual chest pain. Compared with control group, interventricular septal thickness is larger in septum patients (p<001). The thickness of interventricular septum located in subaortic left ventricular outflow tract is 1.6±0.3cm. There is another web like structure that continued from interventricualr septum to anterior free wall of left ventricle and the width is 1.6±0.4cm. A sign of insignificant obstruction due to left ventricular outflow was observed from three sigmoid septum patients. Conculusion: Septum patient is largely found in older age group and the body weight and body surface area are lower than control group. The body weight and body surface area are opposite correlation with age. So sigmoid septum is considered as structural change by weight reduction with aging. It is assumed that septum patients are related with asymptomatic ischemia because they have more abnormal ECG finding such as T wave inversion on precordial leads or standard leads, nonspecific ST-T change, LBBB etc. Sigmoid septum is not only proximal interventricular septal bludging but also another web like structure continuing to anterior wall of left ventricle.

판막 질환에서의 심근 섬유화 : 심근 조직을 이용한 형태학적 연구 및 혈청 생화학적 지표의 분석

강수진,박덕우,송재관,박경민,송종민,강덕현,한기훈,송현,이재원,주석중,송명근,김정선 대한순환기학회 2004 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.34 No.2