고정희 연시 연구

이경희(Lee Kyong Hee) 돈암어문학회 2007 돈암어문학 Vol.- No.20

고정희 시인은 1948년 《현대시학》에 등단한 이후, 12권의 시집을 남기면서 왕성한 시작 활동을 하다가 1991년 타계했다. 고정희는 그의 『누가 홀로 술틀을 밟고 있는가』(1979, 평민사)를 시작으로 유고시집 『모든 사라지는 것들은 뒤에 여백을 남긴다』(1992, 창작과 비평사)에 이르기까지 12권의 시집을 남겼는데 주로 실험적 의식이 강한 시편들을 다수 남겼다. 그럼에도 불구하고 그의 가장 내면적인 목소리는 그의 연시들 속에 간직되어 있다. 때문에 그의 연시를 살펴보는 것은 그의 시세계의 핵심을 조명하는 중요한 작업이 될 수 있다. 그래서 본고에서는 『아름다운 사람 하나』에 수록되어 있는 서정성이 뛰어난 연시들을 중심으로 그 내용과 형식의 특성을 살펴보기로 한다. 먼저, 연시에 나타나는 지향대상을 보면, 고정희의 연시에 보이는 사랑의 대상인 ‘그대’는 다양한 범주를 드러낸다. 첫째는 초월적인 힘을 지닌 신적인 존재로서의 ‘그대’이다. 시인은 초월적인 존재로부터 삶의 희망과 생명을 새로이 회복한다. 둘째는 자연으로서의 ‘그대’이다. 시인이 그리워하는 자연은 ‘그대’ 가슴처럼 내 고단함을 묻는 포근한 대상, ‘나’가 안식을 취하면서 바라는 세계를 의미하기도 한다. 셋째는 구체적 현존으로서의 ‘그대’이다. 고정희의 시에서 사랑하는 ‘그대’는 ‘아름다운 사람 하나’이며 가장 서정적 의미로 다가오는 구체적 현존이다. 이 세 가지 의미는 각각의 작품에 나타나기도 하지만 때로는 한 작품에서 세 가지 모두가 드러나는 것과 같이 다양한 대상을 수렴하고 있다. 다음으로 고정희의 연시에 주로 나타나는 기법 양상을 살펴보기로 한다. 첫째, 형태시 기법이다. 시각적인 효과를 주며 음절과 구문의 배행을 달리 함으로써 시가 지니는 주제를 좀 더 선명한 이미지로 표현하고 있다. 둘째는 음절과 구문의 반복으로 인한 주제와 의도의 강조이다. 이는 의미의 점층과 확장을 가져오는 효과를 갖는다. 셋째는 시어의 선택에서 자기 연민의 어조와 담백한 표현을 쓰고 있는 점이다. 넷째는 패러디형식으로 성경을 패러디한 것이 많다. 보통 패러디는 적대감과 친밀감이라는 상호 모순의 양면성을 띠는데 고정희의 「더 먼저 더 오래」에서는 모방과 친밀감이 강조되어 있다. 본 소고가 미비하기 때문에 정신분석학이나 시인의 체험 등을 참고한다면 이 주제의 연구는 더욱 풍성해질 수 있을 것이다. 앞으로 계속 고정희의 시세계에 대해 연구할 것이기에 차후의 과제로 남기기로 한다. After Goh Jung Hee (1948~1991) established herself as a poet on 「Mordern Poetics」 in 1975, she wrote 12 poetries actively. Goh Jung Hee composed a lot of experimental poems which are about traditional longpoems, feminism, eternity of Christian and populace. Still, she described her most internal voice in her love poems. Therefore studying her love poems can be the important thing to illuminate her core of her poetic world. This paper is about the study of contents and forms of her poems, especially love ones in ‘A Beautiful Person’. First of all, in her love poems she intends to express ‘He’, which is the object of love, could be interpreted variously. First, ‘He’ is God who is transcendent and means salvation. So his love is absolute and everlasting. At this point there is special quality that God is the absolute being and his love is continued absolutely. ‘I’ love one who is transcendent and feel his existence which holds myself by an irresistible force. Second, ‘He’ is like nature. She wrote many poems of which motifs are mountains and rivers. They are the key to link the theme directly. Mountains and rivers plays an important role in the subject of her poem like expression and creative writing motif in literature. That is, mountains and rivers, objects of ardent desire as motifs are in the category of ‘He’. Finally, ‘He’ is a person who is ‘A Beautiful Person’. ‘He’ could be the meaning of concrete being rather than transcendental being or nature which is mentioned above. It is the most lyrical interpretation. He is existing but away from her consistently in her poems. These three meanings are expressed in each poem, but sometimes all the three meanings are expressed in one poem. Let me examine her technic in her love poems. First, formal technic visualizes poems and expresses the clear image by making a difference of lining syllables and constructions. We can see the technic in her love poems like 「Triangular Love」, 「Late Autumn」, 「Autumn Night」, 「Confession」. Formal technic effects on her poetic meaning through visualizing effect. Second, she repeated a syllable or a construction to emphasize themes and her intentions. Also, these refrains show not simply a few times but many times in her lyric. And this effect gives her love poems soft rhythm. Third, she uses self-sympathetic tone and simple expression in choosing poetic words. She uses poetic words which are not florid and less metaphorical. She appeals to us frankly and simply. In her love poem 「Thinking of You」, she thinks she should leave him, but she sees herself get closer to him. She feels painful sympathy for herself seeing the process of this. Many poems have this aspect. Finally there are parodies in her poems, especially many from the bible. Unlike other parodies which express mutual contradiction like hostility and familiarity, she emphasizes imitation and familiarity in her lyric 「The Earlier, the Longer」. In her love poems, she parodied Matthew. It is far from objection and hostility. And it is similar to the value of Matthew flowing internal. Afterwards the discussion on Goh Jung Hee's lyric will take a turn for the better. I think that the study on Goh Jung Hee's love poems will be more plentiful when you refer to mental analytics or poet's experience because this study is incomplete.

일종합병원 입원환자의 불안에 관한 연구

오경옥,강문희,박영희,심희숙 충남대학교 간호과학연구소 2003 충남대 간호학술지 Vol.6 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anxiety of inpatients in a general hospital in Daejeon. Data were collected through self-reported questionaires from January, 2003 to February, 2003, The anxiety was measured by Zung's Self-Rating Anxiety Scale. Analysis of data was done was descriptive statistics, t-test ANOVA and factor analysis. The results of the study were as follows : (1) The average score for the level of anxiety was 37.75±8.44 point (2) The anxiety items, such as sweating. apprehension, dyspnea, insomnia and restlessness showed the high score in inpatient. (3) Anxiety showed significant difference by education level(p<0.01), duration of hospitasization (p<0.01), prognosis(p(0.05), ward(medical/surgical) (p{0.05), experienc of admission (p<0.05). (4) According to the factor analysis, four factors of sweating, apprehension, dyspnea and restlessness showed high score in inpatient. Inpatient's anxiety characteristically showed more somatic symptoms than affective symptoms.

Gene cloning and utility phophorylation assay of a protein-fused substrate for a highly sensitive detection of cdc2 protein kinase using a radioisotope detection technique for the development of a protein biochip

Ko, Kyong-Cheol,Choi, Mi Hee,Park, Sang Hyun John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2009 Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceutica Vol.52 No.4

<P>The prototype of the cdc2 protein kinase in mammalian cells regulates its entry into mitosis by phosphorylating a group of key proteins in the major cell cycle transitions. In this study, using the mep45 gene encoding the 45 kDa major envelope protein (Mep45) of Selenomonas ruminantium, a rumen bacteria, a Mep45-fused substrate (PKTPKKAKKL-Mep45, MFS-cdc2) was cloned to detect the activity of cdc2 protein kinase. We report here on a strategy for the detection of a phosphorylation of a substrate catalyzed by cdc2 protein kinase by using a radioisotope detection technique. It is possible to constantly obtain a reasonable quantity of MFS-cdc2 for the cdc2 protein kinase assay and its cost can be as low as a synthesized peptide. Results of the study indicate that the Mep45-fused protein can be used effectively as a substrate for detecting the activity of cdc2 protein kinase and it can be used in developing a protein biochip for a high-throughput screening and also for studying protein–protein interactions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Gene cloning and utility phophorylation assay of a protein-fused substrate for a highly sensitive detection of cdc2 protein kinase using a radioisotope detection technique for the development of a protein biochip Kyong-Cheol Ko, Mi Hee Choi, Sang Hyun Park<SUP>*</SUP>Using the mep45 gene encoding the 45 kDa major envelope protein (Mep45) of Selenomonas ruminantium, a rumen bacteria, a Mep45-fused substrate (PKTPKKAKKL-Mep45, MFS-cdc2) was cloned to detect the activity of cdc2 protein kinase. We report here on a strategy for the detection of a phosphorylation of a substrate catalyzed by cdc2 protein kinase by using a radioisotope detection technique. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. <img src='wiley_img/03624803-2009-52-4-JLCR1579-gra001.gif' alt='wiley_img/03624803-2009-52-4-JLCR1579-gra001'> </P>

VRE 감염증의 임상상, 미생물학적 특성 분석 및 유전적 관련성 비교 : 전국 6개 병원에서 분리된 VRE를 중심으로

정희진,박정원,엄중식,하경임,신종희,김정미,이혜수,박영희,김우주,박승철 대한감염학회 2002 감염 Vol.34 No.5

美國의 地理敎師 敎育의 改善方案

芮庚熙 청주대학교 교육문제연구소 2000 교육과학연구 Vol.14 No.-

美國의 地理敎育 改革運動에서 나타난 중요한 敎授 指針書와 敎授資料

芮庚熙 청주대학교 교육문제연구소 2000 교육과학연구 Vol.14 No.-

最近의 英美社會地理學 硏究動向

芮庚熙 청주대학교 교육문제연구소 1988 교육과학연구 Vol.2 No.1

Social geography is in fact one of the more recently developed sub disciplines within human geography but there is perhaps still no overall agreement as to its nature. The main purposes of this paper are to explore the current trends of research of social geography in Brtain and the United States of America. The results of research of Brtish social geography are below. 1) It was the ideas of other scholars, particularly Le Play and Vidal de la Blache, that had a greater impact on the development of British social geography. After Second World War the social geography of Brtain was more influenced by American ideas and interests the scientific investigation of City. 2) The incoporation of behavioral variables in social geography of Brtain occurred at rapidly the same time as the quantification of the field by more American ideas and research focussed on environmental cognition. 3) Social geography of Britain has characterised by theoretical or conceptual eclecticism with the aim of enhancing explanatory power with a resultant diminution of a geographical demension. 4) In Brtain, the most influential set of idea was that of structuralist marxism and developing along a track almost parallel to this, humanistic geography has utilized ideas of phenomenology, existentalism, symbolic interaction, interpretative sociology and interpretative anthropology at recent time. The research results of social geography of the United States are below. 1) Social geography has never occupied a central place within the discipline in North America, expecially U.S.A. The main academic traditions in the period leading up to the Second World War focused an either the mapping of economic artifacts in the landscape or the study of landscapes as reflections of culture. In neither of these did social life and individual agency form substantial foci. 2) In the 1950s and the 1960s some attention was directed towards the mapping of social phenomena, largely in terms of residential patterns, but this was mainly as a subsection of urban geography, and no clearly-defined sub discipline of social geography, with clear links to the non-economic social sciences, was identified. 3) More recently, attempts have been made to develop work in social geography, in two separate contexts-Marxist inspired analyses which see social and economic phenomena as inextricably inter-twined, and humanistic analyses. I think that social geography of Brtain and the United States of America are more restricted different from that of France, Germany, and Sweden but there are more influenced by social geography of Brtain and the United States of America than that of France, Germany, and Sweden in Korea. This research will provide a little contributions stimulating research and extending horizon of social geography in Korea.

제품에 따른 고객만족과 관여도 측정에 관한 연구

한경희,조재립 慶熙大學校 레이저 工學硏究所 2002 레이저공학 Vol.13 No.-

This study has formed a clear definition of involvement and investigated the relationships between various types of customer satisfaction and involvement about Cellular Phone product. Product Involvement and Customer Satisfaction can explain customer action more detail than any conceptions. Involvement takes an accurate measurement of using Zaichkowsky of PII (Personal Involvement Inventory) and Customer Satisfaction takes a measurement of using Oliver's theory(confirmation / disconfirmantion model)

입원환자 가족의 정신건강에 영향을 미치는 요인

박영희,오경옥 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

The purpose of the study was to investigate the mental health status of the family caregivers having of internally ill inpatients. The sample for the study consisted of 167 family caregivers of internally ill inpatients at 'C' University Hospital in Taejon. The data were collected for about 4 months from August 21 to December 31, 1995. The instrument used for the study was the SCL-90 to measure mental health status. The data were analyzed using percentages, means, t-test, and ANOVA with the SAS program. The findings are as follows: 1) The mean score for family caregiver's mental health status was 1.91. The severity of the subscales ranged down in the following order: Obscessive-compulsive, depression, anxiety, somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, psychosis, paranoid ideation, and phobic anxiety. 2) Family caregiver's sex(p<.01), shift(p<.01), age(p<.01), disease(p<.01), monthly income(p<.01), financial responsibility (p<.O1), duration caregiving(p<.01), education (p<.01), relationship with patient(p<.O1), experience of admission(p<.01), and prognosis of disease(p<.O1) had significant impact on mental health status. In conclusion, this study revealed the important factor related to mental health status of family caregivers. therefore, nurses must recognize family caregivers as well as inpatients as important care receivers and incorporate the intervening plan that family caregivers' mental health can be improved.

尖端文化産業團地 造成에 관한 基礎的 硏究

김경희,이상호 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1

This study is about the Local Cultural Industry Clusters. The purpose of this study is to define the concept of the Local Cultural Industry Cluster and to overview the Korean government policy for setting up the ability which the Local Cultural Industry must have. Secondly, comparing the example of foreign Local Cultural Industry Clusters, this study make a comparative study with four city which is selected to the Local Cultural Industry Clusters in 2001 and consider a future plan for the Local Cultural Industry.