Long-term Stability after Reduction of Mandible Fracture by Keyhole Plate: Evaluation at the Time of Plate Removal

Cheon, Kyeong-Jun,Cho, Seoung-Won,Jang, Won-Seok,Kim, Ju-Won,Yang, Byoung-Eun Korean Association of Maxillofacial Plastic and Re 2020 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.42 No.-

Background: Various types of miniplates have been developed and used for the reduction of facial bone fractures. We introduced Yang's Keyhole (YK) plate, and reported on its short-term stability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term stability of the YK plate, as a follow-up study, by examining the patients who had used the YK plate among the patients with the reduction of mandible fractures and who visited for plate removal. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 16 patients who underwent mandibular fracture fixation using a YK plate (group I) and 17 patients who underwent mandibular fracture fixation using a conventional plate (group II). Assessment was then made on malunion, occlusal stability, discomfort during the application, and clinical symptoms. Results: From January 2015 to December 2017, a total of 36 patients underwent mandibular fracture surgery using a YK plate. A total of 16 patients received plate removal. Among them, 15 were male and 1 female. The average age was 26 years. The applied surgical sites were the 12 on mandibular angle, 4 on mandibular symphysis, and 2 on subcondyle. The application period of YK plate was an average of 335 days. During the same period, 45 people underwent surgery on the conventional plate. A total of 17 patients received plate removal. Among them, 15 were male and 2 females. The average age was 36 years. The applied surgical sites were the 8 on mandibular angle, 4 on mandibular symphysis, and 2 on subcondyle. The application period of the conventional plate was an average of 349 days. No malocclusion occurred at the time of removal, and occlusion was stable. No patient complained of joint disease or discomfort. Conclusion: The YK plate system, in which the screw was first inserted and the plate was applied, for clinical convenience did not cause any particular problem and no significant difference from the conventional plate.

高麗道敎思想의 硏究

徐慶田,梁銀容 圓光大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.19 No.1

1. Introduction Taoism prevailed most widely in Koryo Dynasty throughout the the Korean history. Although Taoism was far beyond the influencing power of then nation religion, Bu-ddhism, and Confucianism thought of as the orthodox scholarship, it stands now at the critical point to grasp the Koryo thoughts from the viewpoint of its prevalence in the whole nation. What's more, it took on the character of guardian religion. But, judging from the studies on Koryo Taoism so far made, we, above all, must collect the basic materials about it. As matters stand, in this study, it is absolut-ely necessary that we should devote ourselves to amassing the data concerned. As a result of gathering the materials, we have presented the following sourcess-100 odd cantos of Choryechongsa (醮禮靑詞, the prayers of Taoist ritual)and 300 odd historical materials. Analyzing the existing materials, mentioned about we tried to grasp the features of Koryo Taoism, to correct the misunderstood concept about it, and to unveil the hidden facts. 2. Taoist Institutions in Koryo Dynasty The Taoist institutions of Koryo Dynasty can be classified into 10 odd kinds. Taoist rites were held in the organs-shrines, Taoist temples, and related government officies. The names designated to them are as follows:Daechunggwan (大淸觀), Chosungcheo(醮星處), Kuyodang(九曜堂), Pokwongung (福源宮), Jungsasaek(淨事色), Sojeonsaek(燒鐵色), Daechosaek(大醮色), Sinkyeokjeon(神格殿). Among them, Kuyodang was most early estalbished in 924 (the ninth year of founding King Taejo). This has made the existence of the early Koryo Taoism a certainty. The arriving of two Taoist monjk from the northern Sung Dynasty, Chin-ese, in 1110 made Koryo Taoism to enter on a new phrase. The founding of Pok-wongung well supports the fact. Pokwongung was called among scholars by the wr-ong name of Pokwongwan(福源觀), written in Chinese records. Centering around Pok-wongung, Koryo Taoism was systematized and developed into Jaecho(齋醮), the royal ritual of Taoism. Along with the forming of jaecho, it was clearly established that Koryo Taoism was ritual-oriented. There after various Taoist organs such as Jeong-sasaek(淨事色), and Daechunggwan(大淸觀), were erected and used to observe royal ritual. 3. The Ritual of Koryo Taoism It was believed that Jaecho was really held from 1012 (King Kyunjong 3 years). But in Choi Seung-ro's "28 items of current affairs (時務二十八條)", we've revealed the fact that jaecho was already prevalent before 982 (the first year of King Sungjong). We could infer from Choi's record that it had been observed from the age of King Taejo. One of the most important rites of Koryo Taoism was Youngbodoryang (靈寶道場). Through our studies about Koryo Taoism, we have found the surprising fact Youngbodoryang belongs not to Buddhism (considered so before our study) but to Taoism introduced from the northern Sung Dynasty to Chosun Dynasty. To sum up, there are 222 records showing that in Koryo were really practiced Ja-echo from its founder to the last king(including 21 kings out of the total of 34 ones). Besides Youngbodoryang, the kinds of ritual held at that time amounted to 21 odd ones-Samgyecho(三界醮), Taeilcho(太一醮), Shipilyocho(十一曜醮), Bonmyeongcho(本命醮), Pukdocho(北斗醮), Samchungcho(三淸醮) and so on. 4. Taoist Thoughts of Koryo Dynasty Koryo Dynasty had Buddism as its national religion, but its kings had a great zeal for Taoism and Confucianism as well. The three main religions were equal in their social position from the Three Kingdoms Period to Koryo Dynasty. In other words, Taoism alongside with Buddhism and Confucianism was considered as the principle of governing the country. Koryo Taoism can be divided into three periods according to the historical trends. First period of Taoism was opened by the time of early Koryo Dynasty, continuing till 1110 year (King Yejong 5 years), in which Jaech, was practiced in Kuyodang. The second period covered the age from King Yejong's reign (The established Taoism was introduced at that time) to late Koryo Dynasty neo Confucianism, wasintrodu-ced from Sung Dyasty, China. In the second period Koryo Taoism was systematic-ally established and exerted predominant influence on the people. Various organs of Taoism were rapidly increased. Taolsm of the period was faith-featured. Sukeongshin Faith(守庚辰信仰)was the typical example of it. In the third period of Taoism, Songnihak was about to take its shape as a dominant philosophy and to extend to all areas of human life. Gradually, however, Taoism had to face the fate of repl-acement by neo-Confucianism and was even regarded as heresy. The Tao Te ching sutra, the most important scripture of Taoism, of the early Koryo Dynasty was replaced by the Hwangjunggyung Sutra(黃庭經)at the time, Judging from the fact, the late Koryo Taoism see to have a close connection with Chosun Taoism putting much emphasis on Yeondan(練丹)Breathing Practice. 5. Conclusion Through our study the Koryo Taoism has been found characteristic of being rit-ual-oriented. Before and after erection of Pokwongung. Koryo Taoism under-went the systematization of established Taosim, but its main function of royal rit-ual still remained with the role of national guardian religion. As a result of this study, there are still several things left unsolved. Firstly, koryo Taoism has to be newly illuminated in connection with Chinese Taoism. Secondly, it should be understood with then prevalent buddhism and Confucianism. Thirdly, the extant Choryechongsamun should be thoroughly analyzed.

Phenyl 2‐pyridyl ketoxime induces cellular senescence‐like alterations via nitric oxide production in human diploid fibroblasts

Yang, Kyeong Eun,Jang, Hyun‐,Jin,Hwang, In‐,Hu,Chung, Young‐,Ho,Choi, Jong‐,Soon,Lee, Tae‐,Hoon,Chung, Yun‐,Jo,Lee, Min‐,Seung,Lee, Mi Young,Yeo, Eui‐,J BLACKWELL PUBLISHING 2016 AGING CELL Vol.15 No.2

<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Phenyl‐2‐pyridyl ketoxime (PPKO) was found to be one of the small molecules enriched in the extracellular matrix of near‐senescent human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs). Treatment of young HDFs with PPKO reduced the viability of young HDFs in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner and resulted in senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal) staining and G2/M cell cycle arrest. In addition, the levels of some senescence‐associated proteins, such as phosphorylated ERK1/2, caveolin‐1, p53, p16<SUP>ink4a</SUP>, and p21<SUP>waf1</SUP>, were elevated in PPKO‐treated cells. To monitor the effect of PPKO on cell stress responses, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was examined by flow cytometry. After PPKO treatment, ROS levels transiently increased at 30 min but then returned to baseline at 60 min. The levels of some antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, peroxiredoxin II and glutathione peroxidase I, were transiently induced by PPKO treatment. SOD II levels increased gradually, whereas the SOD I and III levels were biphasic during the experimental periods after PPKO treatment. Cellular senescence induced by PPKO was suppressed by chemical antioxidants, such as N‐acetylcysteine, 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyloxy, and L‐buthionine‐(<I>S</I>,<I>R</I>)‐sulfoximine. Furthermore, PPKO increased nitric oxide (NO) production via inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in HDFs. In the presence of NOS inhibitors, such as L‐NG‐nitroarginine methyl ester and L‐NG‐monomethylarginine, PPKO‐induced transient NO production and SA‐β‐gal staining were abrogated. Taken together, these results suggest that PPKO induces cellular senescence in association with transient ROS and NO production and the subsequent induction of senescence‐associated proteins<B>.</B></P>

Gypenosides from Gynostemma pentaphyllum restores the senescence of human skin cells by activated autophagy

Kyeong Eun Yang,Kyung-A Kim,Ik-Soon Jang,Jong-Soon Choi 한국환경생물학회 2020 한국환경생물학회 학술대회 Vol.2020 No.07

Stereoisomer-specific ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3 reverses replicative senescence of human diploid fibroblasts via Akt-mTOR-Sirtuin signaling

Yang, Kyeong-Eun,Jang, Hyun-Jin,Hwang, In-Hu,Hong, Eun Mi,Lee, Min-Goo,Lee, Soon,Jang, Ik-Soon,Choi, Jong-Soon The Korean Society of Ginseng 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.2

Background: The replicative senescence of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) is accompanied by growth arrest. In our previous study, the treatment of senescent HDFs with Rg3(S) lowered the intrinsic reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and reversed cellular senescence by inducing peroxiredoxin-3, an antioxidant enzyme. However, the signaling pathways involved in Rg3(S)-induced senescence reversal in HDFs and the relatedness of the stereoisomer Rg3(R) in corresponding signaling pathways are not known yet. Methods: We performed senescence-associated β-galactosidase and cell cycle assays in Rg3(S)-treated senescent HDFs. The levels of ROS, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) as well as the mitochondrial DNA copy number, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)⁺/1,4-dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) ratio, and NAD-dependent sirtuins expression were measured and compared among young, old, and Rg3(S)-pretreated old HDFs. Major signaling pathways of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and sirtuin 1/3, including cell cycle regulatory proteins, were examined by immunoblot analysis. Results: Ginsenoside Rg3(S) reversed the replicative senescence of HDFs by restoring the ATP level and NAD⁺/NADH ratio in downregulated senescent HDFs. Rg3(S) recovered directly the cellular levels of ROS and the NAD⁺/NADH ratio in young HDFs inactivated by rotenone. Rg3(S) mainly downregulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt through the inhibition of mTOR by cell cycle regulators like p53/p21 in senescent HDFs, whereas Rg3(R) did not alter the corresponding signaling pathways. Rg3(S)-activated sirtuin 3/PGC1α to stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis. Conclusion: Cellular molecular analysis suggests that Rg3(S) specifically reverses the replicative senescence of HDFs by modulating Akt-mTOR-sirtuin signaling to promote the biogenesis of mitochondria.

Ginsenoside 20(S )-Rg3 of natural ginseng reverses replicative senescence of human skin cells via Akt-mTOR-Sirtuin signaling

Kyeong Eun Yang,Hyun-Jin Jang,Ik-Soon Jang,Jong-Soon Choi 한국환경생물학회 2020 한국환경생물학회 학술대회 Vol.2020 No.07

Differential expression of extracellular matrix proteins in senescent and young human fibroblasts: A comparative proteomics and microarray study

Yang, Kyeong Eun,Kwon, Joseph,Rhim, Ji-Heon,Choi, Jong Soon,Kim, Seung Il,Lee, Seung-Hoon,Park, Junsoo,Jang, Ik-Soon Springer-Verlag 2011 Molecules and cells Vol.32 No.1

Ginsenoside Rb2 suppresses cellular senescence of human dermal fibroblasts by inducing autophagy

Kyeong Eun Yang,Soo-Bin Nam,Minsu Jang,Junsoo Park,Ga-Eun Lee,Yong-Yeon Cho,Byeong-Churl Jang,Cheol-Jung Lee,Jong-Soon Choi The Korean Society of Ginseng 2023 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.47 No.2

Background: Ginsenoside Rb2, a major active component of Panax ginseng, has various physiological activities, including anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the mechanisms underlying the rejuvenation effect of Rb2 in human skin cells have not been elucidated. Methods: We performed a senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining assay to confirm cellular senescence in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). The regulatory effects of Rb2 on autophagy were evaluated by analyzing the expression of autophagy marker proteins, such as microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain (LC) 3 and p62, using immunoblotting. Autophagosome and autolysosome formation was monitored using transmission electron microscopy. Autophagic flux was analyzed using tandem-labeled GFP-RFP-LC3, and lysosomal function was assessed with Lysotracker. We performed RNA sequencing to identify potential target genes related to HDF rejuvenation mediated by Rb2. To verify the functions of the target genes, we silenced them using shRNAs. Results: Rb2 decreased β-galactosidase activity and altered the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins in senescent HDFs. Rb2 markedly induced the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II and LC3 puncta. Moreover, Rb2 increased lysosomal function and red puncta in tandem-labeled GFP-RFP-LC3, which indicate that Rb2 promoted autophagic flux. RNA sequencing data showed that the expression of DNA damage-regulated autophagy modulator 2 (DRAM2) was induced by Rb2. In autophagy signaling, Rb2 activated the AMPK-ULK1 pathway and inactivated mTOR. DRAM2 knockdown inhibited autophagy and Rb2-restored cellular senescence. Conclusion: Rb2 reverses cellular senescence by activating autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR pathway and induction of DRAM2, suggesting that Rb2 might have potential value as an antiaging agent.

Nectandrin B reverses replicative senescence of human diploid fibroblasts via activation of the AMPK pathway by reducing intracellular ROS levels

Kyeong Eun Yang,Hyun-Jin Jang,Eun Mi Hong,Soon Lee,Jong Soon Choi 한국환경생물학회 2020 한국환경생물학회 학술대회 Vol.2020 No.11

Differential Expression of Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Senescent and Young Human Fibroblasts: a Comparative Proteomics and Microarray Study

Kyeong Eun Yang,권요셉,임지헌,Jong Soon Choi,Seung Il Kim,이승훈,박준수,장익순 한국분자세포생물학회 2011 Molecules and cells Vol.32 No.1

The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides an essential structural framework for cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation, and undergoes progressive changes during senescence. To investigate changes in protein expression in the extracellular matrix between young and senescent fibroblasts, we compared proteomic data (LTQ-FT) with cDNA microarray results. The peptide counts from the proteomics analysis were used to evaluate the level of ECM protein expression by young cells and senescent cells, and ECM protein expression data were compared with the microarray data. After completing the comparative analysis, we grouped the genes into four categories. Class I included genes with increased expression levels in both analyses, while class IV contained genes with reduced expression in both analyses. Class II and Class III contained genes with an inconsistent expression pattern. Finally, we validated the comparative analysis results by examining the expres-sion level of the specific gene from each category using Western blot analysis and semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Our results demonstrate that comparative analysis can be used to identify differentially expressed genes.