http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
강용선,이경룡,박인철,조광현,김승호,이한식 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.4
Background: To the emergency physician, issuing a death certificate is becoming a burden as the DOAs(Deaths on Arrival) have increased in recent years. We analyzed the agreement on the causes of death issued by emergency physicians and attempted to find out whether emergency physicians complied with the guidelines for issuing death certificates. Material & Method: A survey questionnaire containing twelve pre-selected DOA cases which were supplemented with relevant past medical history and physical examination was used. The cases, with varying causes of death, were chosen from the medical records of DOA patients who presented to the emergency department at Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, from January 1997 to December 2000. The questionnaires were sent to 60 emergency physicians(22 specialists and 38 residents) at 22 university-affiliated teaching hospitals and 2 general hospitals across the nation. They were asked to identify the most probable direct cause of death for each of the 12 cases. The same questionnaire was sent to medical examiners at the National Institute of Scientific Investigation and to a Korean emergency physician at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, USA. We also included an open question about the optimal age for the use of 'senility' as a cause of death. Results: All 60 emergency physicians responded to the survey. The average number of causes of death per case was 9.7(7∼ 14). The range of concordance of causes of death was 23.3% to 66.6%. Out of a total of 720 causes of death given by the emergency physicians,35(4.9%) failed to adhere to the death certification guidelines, Also, 210 causes of death were not listed in the Korean classification of standard causes of death. Interestingly, the medical examiner answered 'unknown etiology' and the emergency physician in the USA answered 'cardiopulmonary arrest' or 'respiratory arrest' in most cases. Regarding 'senility' as a cause of death, 22 physicians(36.7%) thought the optimal age was over 80 years. Conclusion: A significant lack of agreement exists in determining the cause of death for the DOA patients arriving at emergency departments, Therefore, an all-out effort is essential to find ways to improve and resolve this situation. As the death certificate is a legal document and a basis for vital statistics, emergency physician should seek a rational consensus to improve and resolve these inconsistencies.
[PE-0061] Advancement potato breeding for French fries from 2019 to 2021
Jang Gyu Choi(Jang Gyu Choi),Yong Ik Jin(Yong Ik Jin),Gyu Bin Lee(Gyu Bin Lee),Jung Gun Ho(Jung Gun Ho),Do Hee Kwon(Do Hee Kwon),Kwang Ryong Cho(Kwang Ryong Cho),Chung Ki Choen(Chung Ki Choen),Yeong E 한국육종학회 2022 한국육종학회 공동학술발표집 Vol.2022 No.-
Cho, Song Mi,Kang, Beom Ryong,Han, Song Hee,Anderson, Anne J,Park, Ju-Young,Lee, Yong-Hwan,Cho, Baik Ho,Yang, Kwang-Yeol,Ryu, Choong-Min,Kim, Young Cheol APS Press 2008 Molecular plant-microbe interactions Vol.21 No.8
<P>Root colonization of plants with certain rhizobacteria, such as Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6, induces tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Tolerance to drought was correlated with reduced water loss in P. chlororaphis O6-colonized plants and with stomatal closure, indicated by size of stomatal aperture and percentage of closed stomata. Stomatal closure and drought resistance were mediated by production of 2R,3R-butanediol, a volatile metabolite of P. chlororaphis O6. Root colonization with bacteria deficient in 2R,3R-butanediol production showed no induction of drought tolerance. Studies with Arabidopsis mutant lines indicated that induced drought tolerance required the salicylic acid (SA)-, ethylene-, and jasmonic acid-signaling pathways. Both induced drought tolerance and stomatal closure were dependent on Aba-1 and OST-1 kinase. Increases in free SA after drought stress of P. chlororaphis O6-colonized plants and after 2R,3R-butanediol treatment suggested a primary role for SA signaling in induced drought tolerance. We conclude that the bacterial volatile 2R,3R-butanediol was a major determinant in inducing resistance to drought in Arabidopsis through an SA-dependent mechanism.</P>
NexGen<SUP>®</SUP> 슬관절 전치환술 후 3-8년 추시 결과
정광환(Kwang-Hwan Jung),조성도(Sung-Do Cho),고상훈(Sang-Hun Go),차재룡(Jae-Ryong Cha),이채칠(Chae-Chil Lee),염윤석(Yoon-Seok Youm),박기봉(Ki-Bong Park) 대한정형외과학회 2007 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.42 No.6
목적: NexGen® 슬관절 전치환술 후 최소 3년 이상 추시 가능하였던 환자들의 임상적 및 방사선학적 결과를 평가하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1997년 3월부터 2002년 5월까지 본원에서 동일 술자에 의해 NexGen® 슬관절 전치환술을 시행 받고 최소 3년 이상 추시가 가능하였던 75명 96예(후방 십자인대 보존형 34예, 치환형 62예)를 대상으로 수술전후 슬관절 운동 범위, 슬관절 점수, 슬관절 기능 점수, 대퇴 경골간 내외반 변형 및 술 후 합병증에 대하여 알아보았다. 결과: 슬관절 운동 범위는 술 전 평균 굴곡구축 9.3°, 후속굴곡 116.4°에서 술 후 평균 굴곡구축 2.1°, 후속굴곡 126.3° (운동범위: 124.2°)로 향상되었고, 후방 십자인대 보존형에서 평균 112,7°로서 123.1°, 치환형에서 105.3°에서 124.9°로 유의성 있게 호전되었으나 양군간의 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 슬관절 학회의 슬관절 점수와 기능점수는 각각 술 전 평균 54점, 41점에서 술 후 94점, 87점으로 호전되었다(p>0.05). 대퇴 경골간 내외반 변형은 평균 술 전 내반 5.7°로 술 후 외반 5.2°로 개선되었다. 합병증으로 감염 2예, 삽입물의 조기 해리가 진행되어 재치환술을 시행한 경우가 2예 있었다. 결론: NexGen®슬관절 전치환술을 시행하고 3-8년 추시 결과 후방 십자인대 보존형과 치환형에 따른 결과의 차이는 없었으며 향후 장기 추시가 필요할 것으로 생각 된다. Purpose: To evaluate the 3 to 8 year follow-up clinical and radiological results after NexGen® total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Materials and Methods: Ninety-six knees in 75 patients, who could be followed up more than 3 years after NexGen® TKA [cruciate retaining (CR) type:34, posterior cruciate substituting (PS) type:62] from March 1997 to May 2002, were evaluated retrospectively. The evaluations included the preoperative and postoperative range of motion (ROM), Knee Society Score (KSS), knee functional score, tibiofemoral angle and postoperative complications. Results: The ROM increased from preoperative mean flexion contracture of 9.3° and further flexion of 116.4° to a postoperative mean flexion contracture of 2.1 ° and further flexion of 126.3° (ROM: 124.2°). The ROM of CR type improved from 112.7° to 123.1°, and the PS type improved from 105.3° to 124.9° (p>0.05). The KSS and knee function score improved from 54 and 41 before surgery to 94 and 87 after surgery, respectively (p>0.05). The tibiofemoral angle changed from preoperative varus 5.7° to postoperative valgus 5.2°. The complications were two cases of infection and two cases of early loosening. Conclusion: The 3 to 8 year follow-up results after NexGen® TKA were satisfactory in both the CR and PS types. However, a longer term follow-up evaluation will be necessary.